• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacillus Calmette-$Gu\acute{e}rin$ (BCG) vaccine is the only TB vaccine currently available, but it is not sufficiently effective in preventing active pulmonary TB or adult infection. With the purpose of developing an improved vaccine against TB that can overcome the limitations of the current BCG vaccine, we investigated whether adjuvant formulations containing de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) are capable of enhancing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of TB subunit vaccines. The results revealed that the dLOS/dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA) adjuvant formulation significantly increased both humoral and Th1-type cellular responses to TB subunit vaccine that are composed of three antigens, Ag85A, ESAT-6, and HspX. The adjuvanted TB vaccine also effectively induced the Th1-type response in a BCG-primed mouse model, suggesting a potential as a booster vaccine. Finally, the dLOS/DDA-adjuvanted TB vaccine showed protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that the dLOS/DDA adjuvant enhances the Th1-type immunity and protective efficacy of the TB subunit vaccine, suggesting that it would be a promising adjuvant candidate for the development of a booster vaccine.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.18
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• 2021

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still threatening human health, economy, and social life worldwide. As a counteraction for this devastating disease, a number of vaccines are being developed with unprecedented speed combined with new technologies. As COVID-19 vaccines are being developed in the absence of a licensed human coronavirus vaccine, there remain further questions regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines, as well as immunological mechanisms in depth. This review article discusses the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development, mainly focusing on antigen design, clinical trials in later stages, and immunological considerations for further study.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2023

Schistosomiasis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effect of schistosomula lung antigen preparation (SLAP) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) on a murine schistosomiasis mansoni model. Ninety laboratory-bred male Swiss albino mice were divided into 6 groups. Two doses of the vaccine were given at 2-week intervals. All mice were subcutaneously infected with 80±10 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae 2 weeks after the last vaccination dose. They were sacrificed 7 weeks post-infection. Parasitological and histopathological studies were conducted to assess the effect of inoculated antigens (single or combined). The results showed that the combination of SLAP and SEA (combination group) led to a significant reduction in worm burden (65.56%), and liver and intestine egg count (59% and 60.59%, respectively). The oogram pattern revealed a reduction in immature and mature eggs (15±0.4 and 10±0.8, respectively) and an increased number of dead eggs in the combination group (P<0.001). In terms of histopathological changes, the combination group showed notably small compact fibrocellular egg granuloma and moderate fibrosis in the liver. A high percentage of destroyed ova was observed in the intestine of the combination group. This study demonstrates for the first time the prophylactic effect of combined SLAP and SEA vaccine. The vaccine induced a significant reduction in the parasitological and pathological impacts of schistosomiasis mansoni in hepatic and intestinal tissues, making it a promising vaccine candidate for controlling schistosomiasis.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1997

A large number of viruses belonging to Genus Hantavirus in Family Bunyaviridae are etiologic agents for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SED), Belgrade (BEL), Puumala (PUU) serotype viruses are well known causative agents for HFRS in Eurasian continent. Among those viruses Hantaan and Seoul serotypes are well known to cause HFRS in Korea, but there are some sporadic incidence by other than Hantaan or Seoul viruses. Recently we have developed the combined Hantaan-Puumala virus vaccine to prevent world-wide occuring HFRS. This combined vaccine is formalin inactivated, suckling mouse and suckling hamster brain extracts for Hantaan and Puumala viruses, respectively. Protein contents of this purified candidate vaccine is $27\;{\mu}g/ml$, which contains 1,024 ELISA antigen units to each virus, but content of myelin basic protein which is causing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is less than 0.1 ng/ml. Thirty hamsters were given twice at one month interval intra-muscularly and bled on 30 days after each vaccination from retro-orbital sinus vein. Antibody titers were tested against 5 major serotype viruses, Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses by IFA and PRNT. The mean IF antibody titers on 30 days after primary shot were 78.4, 68.8, 68.8, 37.9, and 15.6; mean neutralizing antibody titers were 65.4, 12, 6.1, 65.6 and 0.5 against Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses, respectively. The mean IF antibody titers on 30 days after booster shot were 686.9, 567.5, 550.4, 516.3, and 430.9; and neutralizing antibody titers were 710.8, 41.9, 24.3, 409.9, and 1.6 against Hantaan, Seoul, Belgrade, Puumala and Sin Nombre viruses, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.275-279
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• 1997

The acute toxicity of the combined vaccine (KGCC-95VI) for the prophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis and Hantaan virus infection. recently developed by Korea Green Cross Corporation, was investigated. KGCC-95VI was administered to the Balb /c mice in two routes, orally and subcutaneously, and into the New Zealand White rabbits subcutaneously. $LD_{50}$ was not accessible as there were no deaths in the group treated even at a dose 800 times the expected clinical dose in both animal species. Between the treated and control groups there were no statistically significant differences in body weight changes and clinical signs during the 14-day observation period, and no pathological gross findings. Accordingly KGCC-95VI is considered not to have the acute toxicity in mice and rabbits.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.353-357
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• 1997

The possibility of the allergic encephalomyelitis caused by the combined vaccine (KGCC95VI) for the prophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis and Hantaan virus infection, recently developed by Korea Green Cross Corporation, was investigated in the Hartley guinea pigs. The KGCC-95VI was administered to the guinea pigs subcutaneously to sensitize the animals three times at one month intervals. There were no clinical signs or gross pathological findings. There were no abnormal histopathological findings at cerebrums, cerebellums, brain stems and the spinal cords. The concentration of myelin basic protein was 1.10 ng/dose quantified by ELISA, which met the guide4ine of below 2 ng/ml/dose recommended by American Society of Health -System Pharmacists(AHPS) Drug Information. Accordingly, the KGCC-95VI is considered not to induce any allergic immune responses which may lead to the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1972

Due to the fact that an inactivated anthrax vaccine may show no or lower immunogenicity and stability, a number of spore vaccines were exclusively used worldwide. In these studies non or less allergic strain of anthrax bacillus was selected and made a capsulated vegetative organisms. Anthrax organisms of a virulent strain were cultivated on sodium bicarbonate medium with or without adding I-alanine in which B. anthracis grew luxuriantly without forming spores. Inactivation of the organisims was carried out at $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 3 days after the bacterial culture was mixed with formalin in a final concentration of two per cent. Aluminum hydroxide gel was added to the mixture of anthrax and blackleg bacterin. Guinea pigs were injected with the vaccine via subcutaneous or intramuscular route and challenged after three weeks, and the possibilities of protection was tested. Throughout the studies, the vaccines possibly protected the vaccinated guinea pigs more than 80 per cent compared to that of the controls. This experimental results strongly suggest that the vaccine may possibly applicable to the prevention of bovine anthrax and blackleg.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권12호
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• pp.602-607
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• 2021

In April 2020, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugated to tetanus protein, and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant DNA) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), for use as a 3-dose primary series in infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months. The DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe and provides a long-term immune response based on studies performed in a variety of settings in many countries, including Korea. This report summarizes the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society guidelines for the use of this newly introduced hexavalent combination vaccine.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1366-1372
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 해산어류와 갑각류에 심각한 위해를 끼치고 있는 V. harveyi에 대한 백신개발을 위하여 V. harveyi 백신생산에 적합한 배양배지를 탐색하고 적정 투여량을 조사하며 또한 S. parauberis 백신과 혼합백신의 형태로 투여시 백신효능에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 2-2'-dipyridyl이 첨가되거나 첨가되지 않은 TSB와 BHIB에 배양 후 FKC 백신을 제작한 후 넙치에 투여하여 응집항체가의 생산변화와 공격실험에서의 상대생존율을 비교분석하였다. 또한 V. harveyi 백신의 적정 투여량을 정하기 위하여 어체중 kg 당 10mg 또는 20mg을 투여하여 면역반응을 비교하였으며 S. parauberis 백신을 혼합한 백신을 투여한 후 면역반응을 비교하였다. 그 결과 2-2'-dipyridyl이 들어간 TSB와 BHIB에 배양된 V. harveyi 백신은 응집항체형성과 방어력에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 백신 투여량에 따른 응집항체가에 있어서 큰 차이는 없었으나 어체중 kg 당 10mg을 투여한 실험구가 조금 높은 방어력을 나타내었다. S. parauberis 백신과 혼합한 dual 백신을 투여시 V. harveyi 백신만을 단독으로 투여했을 때와 비교해 방어력이 현저히 증가하였으며 특히 어체중 kg당 두가지 백신을 각각 10mg씩 혼합하여 투여한 실험구에서는 28일동안 폐사가 전혀 일어나지 않아 백신효능이 매우 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 넙치를 위한 V. harveyi 백신을 개발할 때는 2-2'-dipyridyl가 첨가된 TSB에 배양 후 제작된 V. harveyi 백신을 어체중 kg당 10mg의 투여량으로서 S. parauberis 백신과 혼합투여하는 것이 효능과 경제적인 면에서 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 1997

The subacute toxicity of the combined vaccine (KGCC-95VI) for the prophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis and Hantaan virus infection, recently developed by Korea Green Cross Corporation, was investigated. KGCC-95VI was subcutaneously administered into the both sexes of New Zealand White rabbits at the dosage of 0, 10. 50 and 250 ml/kg body weight (20, 100 and 500 times the expected clincal dose) once a day for 30 days. There were no deaths and clinical findings during the experiment period. In both sexes. there were no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups in urinalysis tests, hematological tests, blood chemistry tests and pathological examinations. The KGCC-95VI is considered not to have the subacute toxicity in the rabbits.