• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2010

Soil physico-chemical properties and microbial densities are affected by organic sources and soil amendment applied to improve soil environments or quality. Generally organic fertilizer effects on forage crops yield and soil properties are partly due to changes of soil composition. We investigated the effects of swine slurry (SS), swine slurry composting-biofilteration(SCB) and chemical fertilizer(F) with gypsum(G) combinations on soil physico-chemical properties and yields of summer forage crop in the Sukmoon reclaimed tidal land in Korea. The forage crops used in this experiment were corn and sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid(hereafter sorghum). Our results showed that the soil physico-chemical properties in the combined (F+G, SS+G, SCB+G) treatments increased contents of organic matter and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, but exchangeable $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ reduced to 1-10% for two forage crops, compared to non-combined (F, SS, SCB) treatment. The density of soil microorganism such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, increased significantly by SS+G and SCB+G treatments. This means that treatment of combined organic fertilizer with G lowered salinity levels and improved with microbial growth. The combined treatments also increased the total yields 2.3-6.2% for corn and 2.0-8.7% for sorghum, compared with non-combined treatment. This experiment suggests the combined treatments could increase the total yields of summer forage crops and change of soil physico-chemical properties in the Sukmoon reclaimed tidal land in Korea.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2010

본 연구는 농축산 부산물을 이용한 환경친화적 유기액비의 제조와 시용 기술을 개발하여, 채소의 고품질 친환경 안전농산물 생산기술을 확립하고자 돈분뇨 처리과정에서 한외여과막을 통과하고 역삼투막에서 역류되어 나오는 농축액비에 부족한 성분을 부산물, 화학비료와의 혼합액비가 배추 생육과 수량, 토양에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 수행하였다. 시험구는 대조구의 검정시비량를 기준으로 막분리 농축액비(CS)와 부산물액비구(BF), 막분리 농축액비(CS)와 부산물액비 혼합액비시용구(CS%+BF), 농축액비와 부산물액비 혼합에 질소를 보충한 유기-화학비료 혼합액비시용구(CS+BF+N), 대조구로 화학비료 추비시용구(CF) 등 5처리를 완전임의 3반복으로 배치하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 막분리 농축액비(CS)는 발효과정 중 pH의 변화가 적었으나 부산물액비는 발효초기 pH가 7.0 부근에서 호기발효 후 2일 부터 pH가 지속적으로 낮아져 발효 후 3일에서 7일 사이에 5.0 정도로 저하되었다가 발효 후 9일 부터 상승하여 발효 후 14일에 약산성에서 중성 부근에 도달하였다. 부산물액비의 EC는 발효 시작 시점에 8dS/m에서 발효와 함께 계속 상승하여 발효 종료시점인 30일에는 15dS/m로 도달하였다. 2. 막분리 농축액비(CS)는 질소함량은 $1,528mg/{\ell}$, 칼리함량은 $6,025mg/{\ell}$로 질소 함량에 비하여 칼리 함량이 4배나 높은 불균형적인 양분조성를 나타내었다. 그러나 부산물액비는 T-N 함량은 $1,760mg/{\ell}$, $K_2O$ 함량이 $1,921mg/{\ell}$로 질소와 칼리 성분의 균형이 맞아 추비용비료로 적합한 성분특성를 나타내었다. 3. 주당엽수는 대조구 58.7개에 비하여 유기액비-화학비료 맞춤액비 시용구(CF+BF+N)에서 65.0개로 높았으나 막분리 농축액비(CS)의 엽수는 49.2개로 매우 낮았다. 주중과 구중은 막분리 농축액비처리구에서는 불균형적인 양분조성으로 2.33, 1.82kg로 대조구의 3.29, 2.43kg보다 각각 29, 25% 감소되었다. 부산물액비(BF), 혼합액비 처리구(CS+BF)에서의 주중과 구중은 화학비료 대조구와 대등하였다. 맞춤액비시용구(CS+BF%+N)에서의 주중과 구중은 3.55, 2.68kg로 대조구보다 각각 8, 10% 높았다. 4. 배추식물체와 토양의 무기성분 함량은 막분리 농축액비(CS)처리구에서 $K_2O$ 함량은 높게 나타났다. 맞춤액비구는 T-N 함량이 다른 처리구 보다 높은 경향이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2013

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil biological properties and microbial community structure in the plough layer in a rice paddy soil in southern Korea were investigated in relation to the continuous application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), straw based compost (Compost), combination these two (NPK + Compost) for last 40 years. No fertilization plot (Control) was installed for comparison. Though fertilization significantly improved rice productivity over control, the long-term fertilization of NPK and compost combination was more effective on increasing rice productivity and soil nutrient status than single application of compost or chemical fertilizer. All fertilization treatments had shown significant improvement in soil microbial properties, however, continuous compost fertilization markedly increased soil enzyme and microbial activities as compared to sole chemical fertilization. Results of microbial community structure, evaluated by EL-FAME (ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters) method, revealed big difference among Control, NPK, and Compost. However, both Compost and Compost+NPK treatments belonged to the same cluster after statistical analysis. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments could be more rational strategy to improve soil nutrient status and promote soil microbial communities than the single chemical fertilizer or compost application.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2015

Green manure crops have been well recognized as the alternative for chemical fertilizer, especially N fertilizer, because of its positive effect on soil and the environment. Hairy vetch and green barley are the most popular crops for cultivation of rice in paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of hairy vetch and green barley on soil microbial community and chemical properties during short-term application (three years). For this study, treatments were composed of hairy vetch (Hv), green barley (Gb), hairy vetch + green barley (Hv+Gb), and chemical fertilizer without green manure crops (Con.). Hv+Gb treatment showed the highest microbial biomass among treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (73.0 %) was affected by microbial biomass and PC2 (21.5 %) was affected by fungi, cy19:0/18:$1{\omega}7c$ (stress indicator). Combined treatment with hairy vetch and green barley could be more efficient than green manure crop treatment as well as chemical fertilizer treatment for improvement of soil microorganisms.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

본 연구는 유기농 생강재배지에서 발생한 생강 뿌리썩음병을 헤어리벳치와 난각칼슘+훈탄을 혼합 처리하여 방제하고자 하였다. 생강의 잎이 황화되고 식물체가 시드는 생강 근경썩음병의 병징은 화학비료 처리구에서 7월 1일부터 시작되었다. 수확기인 10월 2일에 생강 근경썩음병이 더욱 진전되어 생강의 줄기가 갈변하고 식물체가 고사하여 36.7-43.0%의 높은 발병율을 보였다. 반면에 헤어리벳치+훈탄+난각칼슘 처리구는 9월말까지 근경썩음병이 전혀 발생되지 않았고 10월 초순까지 발생이 지연되어 1.3-1.7%의 매우 낮은 발병율을 보였다. 토양내 Na, Fe, Cu 함량은 헤어리벳치+훈탄+난각칼슘 처리에 의해 처리 전보다 감소하였으나 유기물 함량은 31.6%로 시험 전보다 2배 증가하였다. 토양내 Pythium sp.의 밀도는 헤어리벳치+훈탄+난각칼슘 처리구($0.3-2.0{\times}10^3cfu/g$)에서 낮았으나, 화학비료 처리구($12.0-12.3{\times}10^3cfu/g$)에서 유의적으로 높았다. 따라서, 유기농 생강 재배지에 헤어리벳치를 녹비작물로 재배하고 토양 개량제인 훈탄과 난각칼슘을 토양에 처리하면 생강의 고질적인 병인 생강 근경썩음병을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.317-317
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• 2009

The effects of environment-friendly materials carbonized rice hull and wood vinegar on the improvement of rice quality and soil fertility were investigated. Combined application of carbonized rice hull and chemical fertilizer resulted in lower protein in rice, similar amylose content and generally higher palatability values. Combined application of wood vinegar and chemical fertilizer obtained high protein and amylose contents, and palatability values. However, both carbonized rice hull and wood vinegar did not exhibit weed control. In the carbonized rice hull treatments, soil K was high during heading stage while soil pH during harvest stage was low. In the case of wood vinegar treatments, clear distinction between total K and Ca was observed. K was high during tillering stage while Ca was high until harvest stage.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1107-1111
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• 2011

화학비료 사용량을 줄이고 화학비료를 대체할 수 있는 유기질비료 사용효과를 조사하기 위해 배추의 생육 및 질소 이용효과를 평가하였다. 처리는 배추재배의 NPK 표준시비구 ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ : $320-78-198kg\;ha^{-1}$)를 비롯하여, NPK 시비구의 질소시비량을 기준한 유기질 100% (OF100), 유기질70%+질소30% (OF70+N30), 유기질30%+질소70% (OF30+N70) 처리하였고, 비닐 멀칭효과를 분석하고자 동일 처리구에 각각 비멀칭과 흑색비닐멀칭재배를 실시하였다. 배추 재배기간동안 지온을 조사한 결과, 흑색비닐멀칭이 비멀칭재배에 비해 일일 평균 $2^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 토양 중 무기태질소함량은 OF100 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 배추수량도 OF100 처리구에서 흑색비닐멀칭구가 비멀칭구에 비해 46% 증가하였다. 질소이용율은 비멀칭 재배시 NPK 처리구 44%, OF100구는 26%, OF70+N30구는 21%, OF30+N70구는 27%이었고, 흑색비닐멀칭 재배시 NPK처리구는 56%, OF100구는 55%, OF70+N30구는 51%, OF30+N70은 39%의 질소이용율 각각 나타내었다. 따라서 유기질비료와 화학비료를 병용하고 흑색비닐 멀칭을 실시하면 질소 이용율을 높임으로서 비료를 절감을 할 수 있는 방법 중 하나라고 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to monitor the changes in soil solution nutrients and to evaluate their effect on rice uptake and yield. The changes of chemical characteristics of paddy soil solution were examined from the 58th fertilization experiment in which the continuous rice cropping experiment started in 1954 at the National Academy of Agricultural Science. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (NPK), inorganic fertilizer plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and inorganic fertilizer plus silicate and lime fertilizer as a soil amendment (NPKCLS). The fertilizers were added at rates of standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), potassium ($K_2O$), and sililcate ($SiO_2$) were applied at rates of $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ respectively and lime was applied to neutralize soil acidity until 6.5. Average Electrical Conductivity (EC) of soil solution in NPKCLS and NPKC ranged from 1.16 to $2.00dS\;m^{-1}$. The $NH{_4}^+$ and $K^+$ levels in NPKCLS and NPKC were higher than that of the other treatments, due to high supply power of rice straw compost. The content of $H_3SiO{_4}^-$ was higher in NPKCLS because of silicate application. The dominant ions in soil solution were $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ among cations and $HCO{_3}^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, and $Cl^-$ among anions in all treatments. The continuous application of inorganic fertilizers plus rice straw compost (NPKC) and silicate fertilizer (NPKCLS) led to the changes of various chemical composition in soil solutions. Also, they had a significant impact on the improvement of rice inorganic uptake and grain yield. Especially, inorganic uptake by rice in NPKC and NPKCLS significantly increased than those in NPK plot; 14~46% for T-N, 32~36% for P, 43~57% for K, and 45~77% for Si. Therefore, the combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organic compost as a soil amendment is considered as the best fertilization practice in the continuous rice cropping for the improvement of crop productivity and soil fertility.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권spc호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

2003년에 이상적으로 많이 발생하여 벼에 심각한 피해를 가져온 혹명나방의 재배방법별, 엽록소 함량별 피해실태를 조사하여 피해에 따른 수량반응, 미질변화 등을 구명하고자 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 벼의 등숙비율, 천립중의 감소와 복백립 등 미숙립의 증가에 따른 완전미 비율이 감소되어 완전미 수량이 피해가 심한 곳에서 36% 감소되었다. 2. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 쌀의 외관상 품위가 떨어질 뿐만 아니라 단백질함량이 높아져 식미치는 감소되어 미질이 급격히 저하되었다. 3. 질소질 비료의 시용량이 증가할수록 혹명나방에 의한 피해는 증가하였으며, 특히 주남벼의 경우 질소량이 증가할수록 피해가 급증하였다. 4. 질소 시비량이 추천 시비량인 11 kg/10a를 초과시 피해엽율이 60% 이상으로 급증하였고, 60% 이상 피해를 입은 엽의 비율도 25%이상으로 늘어나 수량 감수 요인으로 작용하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1688-1696
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• 2020

Soil physical and chemical characteristics, soil potential denitrification rates (PDR), community composition and nirK-, nirS- and nosZ-encoding denitrifiers were studied by using MiSeq sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) technologies base on short-term (5-year) tillage field experiment. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with crop residue removed as control (RTO). The results indicated that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and NH₄⁺-N contents were increased with CT, RT and NT treatments. Compared with RTO treatment, the copies number of nirK, nirS and nosZ in paddy soil with CT, RT and NT treatments were significantly increased. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that tillage management and crop residue returning management were the most and the second important factors for the change of denitrifying bacteria community, respectively. Meanwhile, this study indicated that activity and community composition of denitrifiers with CT, RT and NT treatments were increased, compared with RTO treatment. This result showed that nirK, nirS and nosZ-type denitrifiers communities in crop residue applied soil had higher species diversity compared with crop residue removed soil, and denitrifying bacteria community composition were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria. Therefore, it is a beneficial practice to increase soil PDR level, abundance and community composition of nitrogen-functional soil microorganism by combined application of tillage with crop residue management.