• Title/Summary/Keyword: combined effects

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Effects of Soil Amendment Application on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Yields of Summer Forage Crops in the Sukmoon Reclaimed Tidal Land in Korea (석문 간척지에서 돈분액비 및 석고처리가 여름철 사료작물 수량 및 토양이화학성에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Ki-Choon;Yoon, Sei-Hyung;Shin, Jae-Soon;Kim, Dong-Kwan;Han, Hyo-Shim;Supanjani, Supanjani;Lee, Kyung-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.354-361
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    • 2010
  • Soil physico-chemical properties and microbial densities are affected by organic sources and soil amendment applied to improve soil environments or quality. Generally organic fertilizer effects on forage crops yield and soil properties are partly due to changes of soil composition. We investigated the effects of swine slurry (SS), swine slurry composting-biofilteration(SCB) and chemical fertilizer(F) with gypsum(G) combinations on soil physico-chemical properties and yields of summer forage crop in the Sukmoon reclaimed tidal land in Korea. The forage crops used in this experiment were corn and sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid(hereafter sorghum). Our results showed that the soil physico-chemical properties in the combined (F+G, SS+G, SCB+G) treatments increased contents of organic matter and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, but exchangeable $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ reduced to 1-10% for two forage crops, compared to non-combined (F, SS, SCB) treatment. The density of soil microorganism such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, increased significantly by SS+G and SCB+G treatments. This means that treatment of combined organic fertilizer with G lowered salinity levels and improved with microbial growth. The combined treatments also increased the total yields 2.3-6.2% for corn and 2.0-8.7% for sorghum, compared with non-combined treatment. This experiment suggests the combined treatments could increase the total yields of summer forage crops and change of soil physico-chemical properties in the Sukmoon reclaimed tidal land in Korea.

Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Exercise with Visual Guide on Muscle Activity and Craniovertebral Angle in Subjects with Forward Head Posture

  • Son, Kuk-kyung;Cynn, Heon-Seock;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Park, Dong-Hwan;Kim, Bo-Been
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2019
  • PURPOSE: Forward head posture (FHP) is a head-on-trunk malalignment that results in musculoskeletal dysfunction and neck pain. To improve forward head posture, both the craniocervical flexion exercise (CCFE) and the visual guide (VG) technique have been used. This study compared the immediate effects of CCFE and VG combined with CCFE on craniovertebral angle (CVA), as well as on the activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior scalene (AS) muscles during CCFE in subjects with FHP. METHODS: In total, 16 subjects (nine males, seven females) with FHP were recruited using the G-power software. Each subject conducted CCFE and CCFE combined with VG in random order. The CVA was recorded using a digital camera and the ImageJ image analysis software. The EMG data of SCM and AS were measured by surface electromyography. A paired T-test was used to assess differences between the effects of the CCFE and VG combined with CCFE interventions in the same group. RESULTS: The CVA was significantly greater for CCFE combined with the VG than for CCFE alone (p<.05). The activity of the SCM and AS muscles was also significantly greater when the VG was combined with CCFE than during CCFE alone across all craniocervical flexion exercise phases (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Use of the VG technique combined with CCFE improved FHP in subjects with FHP compared to CCFE alone.

Effects of Combined Electro-Acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) and Moxibustion at Weishu(BL21) on the Serum Gastrin Level in Rats (족삼리(足三里)와 위유(胃兪)의 경혈배합(經穴配合)과 병용자극(竝用刺戟)이 정상(正常) 백서(白鼠) 위기능(胃機能)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Yun, Min-young;Kim, Kyung-sik;Hwang, Woo-jun;Lee, Geon-mok;Lee, Ok-ja;Kim, Hong-hoon;Yun, Jung-an;Yu, Yun-cho;Park, Jong-un;Cho, Nam-geun
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.45-58
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    • 2004
  • It is well known that both of acupuncture and moxibustion are effective for treatment of human disease. For years, they have been utilizing a electro-acupuncture (EA) and moxibustion in attempt to manage gastric symptom. However, the data of combined EA and moxibustion on clinical effectiveness is conflicting and the action of combineAd acupoints is not well known. BL21 and ST36 which belong to bladder Meridian and stomach meridian are acupuncture points frequently used for healing gastrointestinal disease in oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion using BL21 and ST36 on serum gastrin level in rats. In experiment, male Spraque-Dawley rats(body wt 140-160g) were selected. EA (2 Hz, intensity ; 10 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes to ST36 under halothane anesthesia. Moxibustion($1.6{\pm}0.3 mg$, 5 times of a day) was applied during 3 days to BL21 under halothane anesthesia. Synergy effects of combined EA and moxibustion might be in according to stimulated method and used acupoints. The change of serum gastrin levels produced by combined EA and moxibustion is shown after vagotomy. These data suggested that many factors, such as the selection of acupoints, the stimulated EA methods, are capable of affecting combined EA and moxibustion effects and those effects may be not related with nervous system.

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Effects of Multimodal Stimuli on Human Sensibility (시청각 복합자극에 대한 인감감성의 변화)

  • 이구형;김병주;정일석
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2001
  • When consumer evaluates a product, every aspec of the product affects the evaluation. Human uses at least five sensory organs for the evaluation. Multi-sensory or multi-modal design tries to add auditory and olfactory factors to the traditional visual-centered design. For the multi-modal design, it is essential to understand relationships between combined sensory stimuli and human sensibility. Information between simple sensory stimulus and human sensibility is pre-requisite to combine multi-modal stimuli. This study investigated human sensibility against 8 colors and 30 sounds, presented independently. The combined stimuli of color and sound were made based on the sensibility generated by each stimulus. Human sensibility generated by the combined stimuli of color and sound were made based on the sensibility generated by each stimulus. Human sensibility generated by the combined stimuli was investigated with 20 female subjects. For combined stimuli that generated the same kind of sensibility respectively, generated sensibility was same but strength was diminished. For combined stimuli that generated the different sensibilities respectively, subjects showed neutral sensibility or no special sensibilities. Sensibilities to the same stimuli also showed difference depending on personal background of the subjects.

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A survey about experience of combined medications of Korean herbal drugs and Western drugs with outpatients in oriental and western hospitals (한.양방 병원 외래환자의 한.양약 동시복용 경험 실태조사)

  • Oh, Moon-Su;Kang, Jae-Seung;Hwang, Young-Il;Jung, Hee-Jae;Kim, Yun-Kyung
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.135-158
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this survey was to find out the actual condition and the problems of combined medications of patients who have general diseases, respiratory diseases. The objects of this survey were 1,769 outpatients who visited 8 Oriental hospitals and Seoul national university hospital respiratory clinics. SPSS program was used to analyze the survey data. The mean age of patients was lower in oriental hospital than in western hospital. The monthly family incomes were higher in oriental hospital patients than in western hospital patients. The condition of patients was better in oriental hospital than western hospital and self-assessed health status was more positive in oriental hospital patients than in western hospital patients. The percentage of having experienced of treated in oriental and western hospital at the same time was 21% in western hospital patients and 45% in oriental hospital patients. In patients with respiratory diseases, the percentage of having taken combined medications was 40.2% in oriental hospital and 13.7% in western hospital. In patients with non-respiratory diseases, the percentage of having taken combined medications was 27.4% in oriental hospital and 8.3% in western hospital. And in the patients with two different diseases, the percentage of having taken combined medications was 27.9% in oriental hospital and 6.3% in western hospital. The percentage of having experienced synergistic effects was 33.0% in western hospital and 56.3% in oriental hospital. The percentage of side effects was 12.6% in western hospital and 12.2% in oriental hospital. This survey was meaningful in that it reported the actual condition of combined medications of patients who have general diseases, respiratory diseases. For the deep study on synergistic and side effects of combined medications, it is necessary to collect many cases of synergistic and side effects by doctors in western and oriental hospitals.

Effects of Combined Stimulus on Stress Relief (지압과 온열의 조합마사지가 인체의 스트레스 완화에 미치는 영향 평가)

  • Lee, Dae Won;Park, Ji Hyung;Eom, Si Nae;Kim, Do Won;Cho, Syung Hyun;Ko, Chang-Yong;Kim, Han Sung
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.194-201
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    • 2012
  • This study was designed to investigate the effect of a combined stimulus which was composed of chiropractic massage and thermotherapy on the relief of mental and physical stress. Fifteen healthy male subjects were treated with three type of stimuli; control (without any stimulus), a single stimulus (only chiropractic) and a combined stimulus. To evaluate the effects of stimuli, visual analogue scale (VAS), trunk extension, electromyogram (EMG) on erector spinae muscle and electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured and analyzed before and after stimuli. In the control group, there were no significant changes in EMG root mean square (RMS) value and low Frequency/high Frequency (LF/HF) ratio (p > 0.05, p > 0.05). However, both stimulus groups showed significant increases in trunk extension and EMG RMS values (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), but significant decreases in LF/HF ratios (p < 0.05). Particularly the decrement rate in LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in the combined stimulus group than that in the single stimulus group (p < 0.05). Also, a significantly lower VAS was recorded after combined stimulus. Our findings indicate that the combined stimulus might not only improve flexibility and strength of muscle, but also active parasympathetic nerve activity. The combined stimulus may thus contribute to relieve the stress and to enhance the muscle function.

Safety of Brucea javanica and Cantharidin Combined with Chemotherapy for Treatment of NSCLC Patients

  • Ji, Zhu-Qing;Huang, Xin-En;Wu, Xue-Yan;Liu, Jin;Wang, Lin;Tang, Jin-Hai
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.20
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    • pp.8603-8605
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    • 2014
  • Objective: To assess the safety of Brucea javanica and Cantharidin combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Method: A consecutive cohort of patients with NSCLC were divided into four groups: experimental group A treated with Brucea javanica injection combined with chemotherapy; experimental group B with Cantharidin injection combined with chemotherapy; experimental group C treated with Brucea javanica and Cantharidin injection combined with chemotherapy; and the control group receiving only chemotherapy. After more than two courses of treatment, safety, quality of life and side effects were evaluated. Results: The incidences of myelosuppression in groups A, B and C were lower than that in Control group (p<0.05), but without significant differences among A, B and C. Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract also were lower than in controls (p<0.05) without variation amnog the combined treatment groups. Conclusions: Brucea javanica or Cantharidin combined with chemotherapy could in both cases improve quality of life in our cohort of NSCLC patients without any increase in toxicity. However, further clinical experiments should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Brucea javanica and Cantharidin combined with chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC.

The Effects of a Combined Marine Treatment Program on Blood Lipids and CRP in Patients with Metabolic Diseases (복합 해양치유 프로그램이 대사성 질환자의 혈중지질 및 CRP에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ui-Sik;Kim, Hyun-Jun;Shin, Jae-Suk
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.139-147
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    • 2021
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of combined marine healing programs by analyzing the physical composition of metabolic patients, blood lipids and the effects of the inflammatory factors, the C -reactive protein(CRP). Methods : the combined marine treatment program was conducted for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week on the 10 adult patients with metabolic diseases and the results of their body composition, blood lipids and CRP were analyzed before and after the subjects completed the program. For the statistical analysis, the mean and standard deviation (M±SD) of each variable were calculated using SPSS version 20 and a paired t-test was conducted in order to test for the differences before and after the combined marine treatment program. All significant levels were set to 𝛼=.05. As a result of the experiment Results : First, regarding the changes in body composition and blood pressure after the 5-day combined marine treatment program was completed, there were statistically significant differences found in weight (p<.01) and systolic blood pressure (p<.05). Second, regarding the changes in blood lipids and CRP after the program was conducted, there were statistically significant differences found in total cholesterol (p<.05) while there was no statistically significant difference found in the variables of neutral fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CRP. Conclusion : the study results were integrated, the 5-day combined marine treatment program had a positive effect on weight, blood pressure and total cholesterol in the patients with metabolic diseases. Therefore, the short-term marine treatment program was thought to be effective for them. However, considering no significant differences were found in neutral fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CRP, further development and research on combined marine treatment programs should be conducted in the long term to create an effective program for patients with metabolic diseases.

The Effects of Electro-Osmosis and Compression on the Dewatering of Agricultural Wastes (고함수 농산폐기물의 탈수과정에서 전기침투와 압력의 효과)

  • 김영중;윤진하;이운용
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 1996
  • In this study, the combined forces of electro-osmosis and compression were applied to cabbage dewatering and their effects were discussed. Nine treatments of combined forces consisting of three levels of voltage and compression were applied to chopped and macerated chinese cabbage placed in the experimental set-up consisted of cylinder-piston. The results showed that as both voltage and pressure increased the dewatering rates increased and the combined force of voltage and compression was a very effective means in the dewatering of chinese cabbage in which the largest dewatering rate difference, 72%, was found between the combined force of 30V with 68.2kPa and no voltage(0V) with 68.2kPa. However, no significant difference was found between the voltage of 0 and 10volts in 9.75kPa and the pressure of 68.2kP and 126.7kPa in 30volts. The maximum and minimum dewatering rate were 82% in the combined force of 30 volts of 126.7kPa and 8% in 0 volt of 9.75kPa, respectively. Within the experimental trials, it appeared that the best treatment combination would be pressure of 68.2kPa and voltage of 30V producing dewatering rate of 80ft in which the produced liquid contained about 1% solid. Employing this dewatering method as a pretreatment before drying process can contribute in considerable energy saving in agricultural wastes treatment.

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The Effects of a Combined Exercise Program on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Factors for Chronic Psychiatric Inpatients (복합운동 프로그램이 만성정신질환자의 비만 및 대사 증후군 인자에 미치는 효과)

  • Son, Mi Ae;Lee, Yong Mi;Jung, Kye A
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a Combined Exercise Program on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Factors for Chronic Psychiatric Inpatients. Methods: Thirty two subjects participated in this program who were admitted into a national mental hospital of C city. All measurements were done at baseline, 4 week, 8 week, and 12 week during the program. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated according to the change of body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting blood sugar. Collected data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS WIN 19.0. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the body mass index (p=.002), body fat (p<.001), waist circumference (p<.001), triglyceride (p=.020), and fasting blood sugar (p=.008). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the total cholesterol, or high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a combined exercise program has positive effect on obesity and metabolic syndrome factor. Thus, a Combined Exercise program is recommended as an intervention to improve obesity and metabolic syndrome factors for chronic psychiatric inpatients.