• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2021

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to obtain structural information on rat islet amyloid polypeptide (rIAPP) monomers (M) and dimers (D) observed in the multiply charged state in the MS spectrum. MS/MS analysis indicated that the rIAPP monomers adopt distinct structures depending on the molecular ion charge state. Peptide bond dissociation between L₂₇ and P₂₈ was observed in the MS/MS spectra of rIAPP monomers, regardless of the monomer molecular ion charge state. MS/MS analysis of the dimers indicated that D⁵⁺ comprised M²⁺ and M³⁺ subunits, and that the peptide bond dissociation process between the L₂₇ and P₂₈ residues of the monomer subunit was also maintained. The observation of (M+ b₂₇)⁴⁺ and (M+ y₁₀)³⁺ fragment ions were deduced to originate from the two different D⁵⁺ complex geometries, the N-terminal and C-terminal interaction geometries, respectively. The fragmentation pattern of the [M_rIAPP + M_hIAPP]⁵⁺ MS/MS spectrum showed that the interaction occurred between the two N-terminal regions of M_rIAPP and M_hIAPP in the heterogeneous dimer (hetero-dimer) D⁵⁺ structure.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.378-384
• /
• 1999

Retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) induce the differentiation of the multipotent embryonic carcinoma cell line, F9 cells, into parietal endoderm like cell. The F9 cells are highly proliferative doubling approximately 12 hourse. S Phase is predominant, lasting 10 hours and G2/M phase occupies most of the remaining cycle (2 hours) and G1 phase is nearly non-existent. In this study, we showed the effect of RA and dbcAMPon the cell cycle associated molecules (especially around G1 phase) during F9 cell differentiation. Differentiation of F9 cells was induced by the combined addition of RA ($10^{-7}M$) and dbcAMP (0.5mM), and cells were harvested daily up to 4 days. Flow cytometric analysis showed the prolongation of G1 phase around 30 hours after induction. Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of cyclin D1 and cdk2 were increased at day 4. However, histone H1 kinase activity of cdk2 was decreased. These data strongly suggest that RA and dbcAMP induce the growth arrest of F9 cells at G1 phase by decreasing the activity of cdk2, although they have increased the protein contents of cyclin D1 and cdk2. The reason for the discrepancy between the H1 kinase activity and protein contents are not clear yet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1999.03a
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 1999

It had found that, as a result of cross-hole tonic logging test, concrete was not filled partially within the bottom 2.0 m of the large diameter (Ø= 2,500mm) rock socketed pile, MP20-P11(socket diameter (Ø= 2,200mm), which was a pile among piles group supporting a pier of Kwangan Grand Bridge. The pile was repaired by the combined cement grout injected through the pipes for the cross-hole sonic logging test and the bore holes for core samples. A month after the cement grouting, repairing was checked by coring and cross-hole sonic logging then 3 times of grouting and 2 times of coring were, in turns, peformed, then repairing was completed successfully. The vertical compressive capacity of the repaired large diameter socketed pile was evaluated by several formulas and software ROCKET, and was more conservative than design load (1,882 ton) of MP20-P11. It is expected that, in the case of the battered socketed piles, it could be more reasonable to analyze the behaviors of a battered pile using 3-D model. A 3-D analysis will be peformed in the future study.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.466-485
• /
• 2023

Crop productivity can be obstructed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and thus these stresses are a threat to universal food security. The information on the use of viruses providing efficacy to plants facing growth challenges owing to stress is lacking. The role of induction of pathogen-related genes by microbes is also colossal in drought-endurance acquisition. Studies put forward the importance of viruses as sustainable means for defending plants against dual stress. A fundamental part of research focuses on a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Notably, the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) possess the capacity to safeguard tomato host plants against severe drought conditions. This study aims to explore the combined effects of TYLCV, ToCV, and drought stress on two tomato cultivars, Money Maker (MK, UK) and Shalala (SH, Azerbaijan). The expression of pathogen-related four cellulose synthase gene families (CesA/Csl) which have been implicated in drought and virus resistance based on gene expression analysis, was assessed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The molecular tests revealed significant upregulation of Ces-A2, Csl-D3,2, and Csl-D3,1 genes in TYLCV and ToCV-infected tomato plants. CesA/Csl genes, responsible for biosynthesis within the MK and SH tomato cultivars, play a role in defending against TYLCV and ToCV. Additionally, physiological parameters such as "relative water content," "specific leaf weight," "leaf area," and "dry biomass" were measured in dual-stressed tomatoes. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.02a
• /
• pp.265-265
• /
• 2012

The adsorption of molecular $NH_3$ on rutile $TiO_2(110)-1{\times}1$ surfaces was investigated using a temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) technique combined with a molecular beam apparatus. A quantitative investigation into the TPD spectra of $NH_3$ was made for $NH_3$ adsorbed on two kinds of rutile $TiO_2(110)-1{\times}1$ surfaces with the oxygen vacancy ($V_O$) concentration of ~0% (p-$TiO_2(110)$) and ~5% (r-$TiO_2(110)$), respectively. On both surfaces, non-dissociative adsorption of $NH_3$ was inferred from a quantitative analysis on the amount of adsorbed $NH_3$ and those desorbed. With increasing coverage, the monolayer desorption feature shifted from 400 K toward lower temperatures until it saturates at 160 K, suggesting a repulsive nature in the interaction between $NH_3$ molecules. At the very low coverage regime, the desorption features were found to extend up to 430 K and 400 K on p-$TiO_2(110)$ and p-TiO(110), respectively. As a result, the saturation coverage of monolayer of $NH_3$ was higher on the p-$TiO_2(110)$ surface than on the p-TiO(110) by about 10%. The desorption energy ($E_d$) of $NH_3$ obtained by inversion of the Polanyi-Wigner equation indicated that the difference between the $E_d$'s of $NH_3$ (that is, $E_d(on\;p-TiO_2(110)$) - $E_d$(on p-TiO(110)) was 14 kJ/mol at ${\theta}(NH_3)=0$ and decreased to 0 as the coverage approached to a monolayer. The observed adsorption behavior of $NH_3$ was interpreted using an interaction model between $NH_3$ and surface defects on $TiO_2$ such as VO's and $Ti^{3+}$ interstitials.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.10c
• /
• pp.65-67
• /
• 2007

In this paper describes the design and characteristic analysis of a novel 2-DOF(Degree of Freedom) motor. For multi DOF actuating, several numbers of motors have been used. But the using of normal motors they connected each other in single joint, have necessary to a several type of complex power transmission devices. The 2-DOF motor can drive pan, tilt motion in only one unit and it is not necessary to use additional gears and links parts. Therefore by the using of 2-DOF spherical motor ran eliminate; combined effects of inertia, backlash, non-linear friction, and elastic deformation of gears. The validity of the analysis is confirmed by 3D finite element method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.347-352
• /
• 2016

Background: This study used receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) adenosquamous carcinoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparities in outcome. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed socio-economic, staging and treatment factors available in the SEER database for adenosquamous carcinoma. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a generalized linear model to predict the cause specific survival. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. Results: A total of 20,712 patients diagnosed from 1973 to 2009 were included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 54.2 (78.4) months. Some 2/3 of the patients were female. The mean (S.D.) age was 63 (13.8) years. SEER stage was the most predictive factor of outcome (ROC area of 0.71). 13.9% of the patients were un-staged and had risk of cause specific death of 61.3% that was higher than the 45.3% risk for the regional disease and lower than the 70.3% for metastatic disease. Sex, site, radiotherapy, and surgery had ROC areas of about 0.55-0.65. Rural residence and race contributed to socioeconomic disparity for treatment outcome. Radiotherapy was underused even with localized and regional stages when the intent was curative. This under use was most pronounced in older patients. Conclusions: Anatomic stage was predictive and useful in treatment selection. Under-staging may have contributed to poor outcome.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2013

This study investigates the case of clinical application for TomoDirect 3D-CRT(TD-3D) and TomoHelical 3D-CRT(TH-3D) with evaluating dose distribution for clinical application in each case. Treatment plans were created for 8 patients who had 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy using TD-3D and TH-3D mode. Each patients were treated for sarcoma, CSI(craniospinal irradiaion), breast, brain, pancreas, spine metastasis, SVC syndrome and esophagus. DVH(dose volume histogram) and isodose curve were used for comparison of each treatment modality. TD-3D shows better dose distribution over the irradiation field without junction effect because TD-3D was not influenced by target length for sarcoma and CSI case. In breast case, dosimetric results of CTV, the average value of D 99%, D 95% were $49.2{\pm}0.4$ Gy, $49.9{\pm}0.4$ Gy and V 105%, V 110% were 0%, respectively. TH-3D with the dosimetric block decreased dose of normal organ in brain, pancreas, spine metastasis case. SCV syndrome also effectively decreased dose of normal organ by using dose block to the critical organs(spinal cord <38 Gy). TH-3D combined with other treatment modalities was possible to boost irradiation and was total dose was reduced to spinal cord in esophagus case(spinal cord <45 Gy, lung V 20 <20%). 3D-CRT using Tomotherapy could overcomes some dosimetric limitations, when we faced Conventional Linac based CRT and shows clinically proper dose distribution. In conclusion, 3D-CRT using Tomotherapy will be one of the effective 3D-CRT techniques.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2004

Adrenergic receptors play a major role in thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and visceral adipose tissues, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of $\beta$2-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$2AR) and $\beta$3-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$3AR) genotypes on hyperglycemia and obesity in the Korean population. A representative sample consisting of 530 Korean men and women were measured for height, weight, BMI, WHR, obesity index and body composition. The genotypes of $\beta$2AR polymorphism in codon 27 and $\beta$3AR polymorphism in codon 64 were analyzed by the PCR RFLP method. Serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were determined. The frequencies of $\beta$2AR and $\beta$3AR genotype were: both wild type, 62.5% ; only $\beta$2AR variant type, 12.8% ; only $\beta$3AR variant type, 18.8% ; and both variant type, 5.8% ; the frequency of E and R alleles were 0.098 and 0.137, respectively. Among the physiological parameters, fasting glucose level was significantly higher in subjects with both variant type compared with the three other types (p <0.05), Subjects with both variant type had 12%, 12% and 9.3% increases in serum glucose levels compared with wild type, only $\beta$2AR variant type, and only $\beta$3AR variant type, respectively. When logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the risk for hyperglycemia, the subjects were selected for fasting blood glucose concentrations of more than 6.105 m㏖/L (110 mg/dL), and the odds ratios were 1.215 (p=0.636) for only $\beta$2AR variant type,1.659 (p=0.089) for only $\beta$3AR variant type, and 3.078 (p=0.011) for both variant type. These results suggest that the interaction of $\beta$2AR and $\beta$3AR variant genotypes has a strong association with increased glucose levels, and might be a significant risk factor for hyperglycemia among Korean subjects.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2000

Background: The phagolysosomal function of alveolar macrophage against M. tuberculosis infection is influenced by Nramp1, which is encoded by the NRAMP1 gene. There are several genetic polymorphisms in NRAMP1, and these polymorphisms affect the innate host resistance through the defect in production and function of Nramp1. To investigate this relationship, the NRAMP1 genetic polymorphism in patients with primary tuberculous pleurisy was determined. Methods: Fifty-six primary tuberculous pleurisy patient, who were diagnosed by pleural biopsy, were designated to the pleurisy group and 45 healthy adults were designated to the healthy control group. Three genetic polymorphisms of NRAMP1, such as a single point mutation in intron 4(469+14G/C, INT4), a nonconservative single-base substitution at codon 543 that changes aspartic acid to asparagine(D543N) and a TGTG deletion in the 3' untranslated region(1729+55delI4, 3'UTR), were determined. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used. Results: The frequencies of mutant genotypes of INT4 and 3'UTR were significantly high in pleurisy group(p=0.001, p=0.023). But the frequencies of D543N were not significantly different between the two groups(p=0.079). The odds ratios, which are a comparison with wild genotype for determining mutant genotypes, were 8. 022(95% confidence interval=2.422-26.572) for INT4 and 5.733(95% confidence interval = 1.137~28.916) for 3'UTR ; these were statistically significant But the ratio for D543N was not significant In the combined analysis of the INT4 and 3'UTR polymorphisms, the odds ratios were 6.000(95% confidence interval = 1.461~24.640) for GC/++ genotype and 14.000(95% confidence interval=1.610~121.754) for GC/+del when compared with GG/++ homozygotes ; these were statistically significant. Conclusion: Among the NRAMP1 genetic polymorphisms, a single point mutation in intron 4(469+14G/C, INT4) and a TGTG deletion in the 3' untranslated region(1729+55del4, 3'UTR) were closely related to the primary tuberculous pleurisy.