• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.743-752
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to combine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on exercise capacity/tolerance and general health status of COPD patients based on the primary research results examined the effects of PRP, Method: Seventeen studies were selected by the sampling criteria established to include the studies that reported enough statistics necessary to conduct meta-analysis. Result: According to the study results, the most effective indicators for exercise capacity/tolerance were exercise time (such as cycling time or treadmill walking time) and ground walking distance within given time (6 minutes or 12 minutes), whereas effects on such indicators as VE and VO$_2$ were not statistically significant. PRP induced significant effect on patients' general health status, frequently measured by physical, psycho-emotional, and holistic indicators, the enhancement on psycho-emotional dimension resulted from PRP was more prominent than those of the other dimensions. From the results, it was noted that the place where PRP was given and the contents of PRP exercised their influence on the outcome variables. Which body part was trained was also one of the important factors that influence on the patients' perception of dyspnea during exercise as well as on exercise capacity/tolerance. Conclusion: PRP including exercise training significantly improved the exercise capacity and general health status of COPD patients.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.421-438
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to grasp the level of effects innovative features and quality of the appliance system on organizational performance and ultimately analyze the willingness of the IT staff to adopt an appliance system. Methods: The survey was conducted on 350 vendors' clients and partners who currently use an appliance system from March to May 2014. A total of 331 effective questionnaires were collected and analyzed using PASW18 and SmartPLS. Results: The results show that relative advantage, facilitating condition and trialability and quality factors all had an effect on organizational performance expectations. Further, when an appliance system is adopted, it was shown that cost and reliability emphasized by a vendor did not produce any significant effects on organizational performance expectations. Conclusion: This study is significant as it is the first to combine such models as Innovation Diffusion Theory, Information Systems Success Model, and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology with a new external variable. In addition, it illustrated how variables affect the adoption of an appliance system such as a new innovation system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1332-1339
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• 2019

Heat stress exerts a substantial effect on dairy production. The temperature and humidity index (THI) is widely used to assess heat stress in dairy operations. Herein, we review the effects of high temperature and humidity on body temperature, feed intake, milk production, follicle development, estrous behavior, and pregnancy in dairy cows. Analyses of the effects of THI on dairy production have shown that body temperature is an important physiological parameter in the evaluation of the health state of dairy cows. Although THI is an important environmental index and can help to infer the degree of heat stress, it does not reflect the physiological changes experienced by dairy cows undergoing heat stress. However, the simultaneous measurement of THI and physiological indexes (e.g., body temperature) would be very useful for improving dairy production. The successful development of automatic detection techniques makes it possible to combine THI with other physiological indexes (i.e., body temperature and activity), which could help us to comprehensively evaluate heat stress in dairy cows and provide important technical support to effectively prevent heat stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1042-1053
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Neurofeedback(NF), Cranio-Sacral Therapy(CST) and Combine Therapy(CT) in middle aged women through their experiences after participating these therapies. The participants were 53 middle aged women who lived in S city, 17 in the NF group, 17 in the CST and 19 in the CT, for 10 weeks from October to December, 2007. The NF group had 30 sessions, the CST group had 10 sessions and the CT group had 30 sessions of NF training after 10 sessions of CST. The data was collected from daily chart by self reporting their experiences during sessions. Collected data was analyzed by content analysis. From raw data, 37 items of NF, 91 items of CST and 110 items of CT were extracted in the content analysis. Similar items were gathered to 22 attributes of NF, 63 of CST and 68 of CT. These attributes were categorized into 9 higher attributes. The dominant attributes of NF were doziness during the training, mental comfort, lightening of physical and mental condition. Mental and physical comfort, improvement of sleep, healthy condition, crying were the dominant of CST. Also mental and physical comfort, lightening of physical condition, improvement of sleep, tear were the dominant of CT. According to the results of this study NF, CST and CT were very effective on physical and psychological relaxation. Therefore it is recommended that these NF, CST and CT be used as a complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in middle aged women.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

The lighting reflection is a common problem in image analysis and causes the many difficulties to extract distinct features in related fields. Furthermore, the problem grows in the rainy night. In this paper, we aim to remove light reflection effects and reconstruct a road surface without lighting reflections in order to extract distinct features. The proposed method utilizes a 3D analysis based on a multiple geometry using captured images, with which we can combine each reflected areas; that is, we can remove lighting reflection effects and reconstruct the surface. At first, the regions of lighting sources and reflected surfaces are extracted by local maxima based on vertically projected intensity-histograms. After that, a fundamental matrix and homography matrix among multiple images are calculated by corresponding points in each image. Finally, we combine each surface by selecting minimum value among multiple images and replace it on a target image. The proposed method can reduces lighting reflection effects and the property on the surface is not lost. While the experimental results with collected data shows plausible performance comparing to the speed, reflection-overlapping areas which can not be reconstructed remain in the result. In order to solve this problem, a new reflection model needs to be constructed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

When consumer evaluates a product, every aspec of the product affects the evaluation. Human uses at least five sensory organs for the evaluation. Multi-sensory or multi-modal design tries to add auditory and olfactory factors to the traditional visual-centered design. For the multi-modal design, it is essential to understand relationships between combined sensory stimuli and human sensibility. Information between simple sensory stimulus and human sensibility is pre-requisite to combine multi-modal stimuli. This study investigated human sensibility against 8 colors and 30 sounds, presented independently. The combined stimuli of color and sound were made based on the sensibility generated by each stimulus. Human sensibility generated by the combined stimuli of color and sound were made based on the sensibility generated by each stimulus. Human sensibility generated by the combined stimuli was investigated with 20 female subjects. For combined stimuli that generated the same kind of sensibility respectively, generated sensibility was same but strength was diminished. For combined stimuli that generated the different sensibilities respectively, subjects showed neutral sensibility or no special sensibilities. Sensibilities to the same stimuli also showed difference depending on personal background of the subjects.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with an optimal control suspension system using the preview information of road input based on a quarter car model. The main purpose of the control is to combine good vibration isolation characteristics with improved attitude control. The optimal control law is derived with the use of calculus of variation, consisting of three parts. The first part is a full state feedback term that includes integral control acting on the suspension deflection to ensure zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road inputs. The second part is a feed-forward term which compensates for the body forces when they can be detected, and the third part depends on previewed road input. The performance of the suspension is evaluated in terms of frequency domain characteristics and time responses to ramp road input and cornering forces. The effects of each part of the suspension controller on the system behavior are examined.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-170
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• 1998

To investigate the most effective way of cellulase utilization on paper making process and the systematic way of how to combine its components for better use, purified two major cellulase were applied to bleached kraft pulp at various dosage in the refining process and estimated the synergism effect of each components in the characteristics of papermaking fiber. freeness was not changed by $C_1$ Component dosage but strongly increased by Cx Component dosage. Drop in fiber viscosity, increase in WQV, fiber shortening and fine generation was strongly influenced by Cx Component, it seems to be that Cx Component works a hydrogenate that breaks hydrogen bonding in fiber and enhances pooling effect of fiber. $C_1$ Component was little influenced these characteristics of fiber but considered to help to make fiber surface smooth.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1999

A real-time control system, composed of the controlled processor and the controller computer(s), may have a variety of task types, some of which have tight timing-constraints in generating the correct control input. The maximum period of those task failures tolerable by the system is called the hard deadline, which depends on not only fault characteristics but also task characteristics. In the paper, we extend a method deriving the hard deadline in LTI system executing single task. An algorithm to combine the deadlines of all the elementary tasks in the same operation-mode is proposed to derive the hard deadline of the entire system. For the end, we modify the state equation for the task to capture the effects of task failures (delays in producing correct values) and inter-correlation. We also classify the type of executing the tasks according to operation modes associated with relative importance of correlated levels among tasks, into series, parallel, and cascade modes. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

Most rendering research has concentrated on two sub-problems: modeling the reflection of light sources, and calculating the direct and indirect illumination from light sources and other surfaces. As Kolb wrote in [1], the camera and lens model is an important key component of a rendering system. In this paper we describe a bump-mapping method using camera lens. It allows another level of control in rendering. We developed an efficient framework to develop customized bump mapping lens and combine with other sequence of lens elements to create various effects as shown in Figure 2,3,4,5.