• 복식
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2004

The significant role of colors in fashion design is not enough to emphasize in terms of one of the important design elements and its influences on the behaviors of the people. The purpose of this research is to examine the traditional Chinese colors and its ways of color combinations to appreciate the Chinese culture and its people. The Chinese traditional costume of Ching Dynasty were investigated through historic records, historic nobles, costume accessories and so on. The results of the study were summarized as follows： (1) The Blue was the most favoured color for clothing among men and women during Ching dynasty and various blues in terms of hue, value and intensities were used. (2) The bright Yellow which had been a symbol of Emperor were prohibited being used among people. Though, the late period of Dynasty, the regulation became not to strict and various shades of yellow families were adapted among People. (3) The Red which had been preferred during Ming Dynasty were constantly favoured for the formal wears of auspicious events such as weddings. (4) Dark color groups were loved for the clothing which were used as a ground colors against the flamboyant patterns revealing strong visual effects through value contrast or primary color combinations. (5) The White had a symbol of mourning and there were some intentions to adopt pale color groups such as mint, jade, gray, moon whit,. silver white to make up for white. (6) Contrast color combinations were one of the basic ways of color combination in Chinese traditional costume. Therefore Chinese color combinations has a strong visual effect and easy to draw attention of people by the contrast of the hue, value or intensity of color. (7) Multi-color combinations were another characteristics of Chinese costume in the formal wears which bears many surface designs. The surface decorated with full of motifs, were appreciated by the people expressing their longings and hopes through the auspicious meanings of patterns and striking visual effects of color combinations.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2005

The major protocol features of the rodent uterotrophic assay have been evaluated using a range of reference chemicals. The protocol variables considered include the selection of the test species and route of chemical administration, the age of the test animals, the maintenance diet used, and the specificity of the assay for estrogens. The rodents were ovariectomized under general anesthesia via bilateral flank incisions and randomly assigned to groups of 5 animals. Chemicals were DEHP, DBP, BPA and NP, were injected sc once daily with combinations of chemicals treatments for 3 days. In the results, the reported estrogenic chemicals DEHP and DBP were both negative in the single dose treatments. But, in the combinations of chemicals treatments, DEHP and DBP increased in bud number of mammary gland. Treatment of ovariectomized mice with combinations of other chemicals resulted in uterine and vaginal hyperplasia. The additive estrogenic effects were seen with the combinations of $17{\beta}$-Bestradiol and DBP treatment. the competitive estrogenic effects were seen with the combinations of $17{\beta}$-Bestradiol and nonylphenol, $17{\beta}$-Bestradiol and bisphenol-A treatments. These results offers a sysmatic and mechanistically informative approach to assessing estrogenicity. it provides a useful profile of activity using a reasonable amount of resources and is compatible with the study of individual chemicals as well as the investigation of interactions among combinations of chemicals. The results described illustrate the intrinsic complexity of evaluating chemicals for estrogenic activities and conform the need for rigorous attention to experimental design and criteria for assessing estrogenic activity.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to study the methodology for effectively analyzing the "Jinguiyaolue" prescriptions using database, and to explore possibilities of applying the data construction and query produced in the process to comparative research with other texts in the future. Methods : Using "Xinbianzhongjingquanshu(新編仲景全書)" as original script, the contents of "Jinguiyaolue" were entered into the database, in which one verse would be separated according to content for individual usage. Also, data with medicinal construction and disease pattern information of the previously constructed "Shanghanlun" database designed for comparison with other texts was applied for comparative analysis. Results : For input and analysis, 6 tables and 12 queries were made and used. Formulas were accessible by using herbal combinations, and applications of these formulas could be assembled for comparison. Formulas were also accessible by using disease pattern combinations, and combinations of herbs and disease pattern together were also applicable. In comparison with other texts, examples and frequency of usage of herbs could be relatively accurately compared, while disease patterns could not easily be compared. Conclusions : Herbal combinations, disease pattern combinations could yield related texts and herb/disease pattern combinations of the prescriptions in the "Jinguiyaolue", which shortened time needed for research among formulas in texts. However, standardization research for disease pattern is necessary for a more accurate comparative study that includes disease pattern information.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2023

Background: In order to assess the effectiveness of various analgesio-sedative combinations for pain relief and sedation in pediatric dental patients, a thorough evaluation of clinical studies and patient outcomes is necessary. Methods: A total of 128 healthy, uncooperative pediatric dental patients were randomly allocated to receive one of the four combinations of drugs via the intranasal (IN) route: Group I received midazolam-ketamine (MK), Group II received dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK), Group III received midazolam-fentanyl (MF), and Group IV received dexmedetomidine-fentanyl (DF) in a parallel-arm study design. The efficacy and safety of the combinations were evaluated using different parameters. Results: The onset of sedation was significantly faster in the DF group than in the DK, MF, and MK groups (P < 0.001). The depth of sedation was significantly higher in the DK and DF groups than in the MK and MF groups (P < 0.01). DK and DF produced significant intra- and postoperative analgesia when compared with combinations of MK and MF. No significant adverse events were observed for any of the combinations. Conclusions: The DK and DF groups showed potential as analgesio-sedatives in view of their anxiolytic and analgesic effects.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.137-159
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• 2013

It is studied the linear combinations of composition operators on the Banach space of bounded harmonic functions on the open unit disk. We determine the essential norm of them.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.600-603
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• 1997

Spherical, submicrometer particles of barium-titanyl oxalate were homogeneously precipitated by thermal decomposition of diethyl oxalate in acidic aqueous solutions. The rates of oxalate ion generations, determined by various combinations of temperature and initial concentration of diethyl oxalate had a very important effect on the particle size distribution. Monosized, bimodal, or broad unimodal powders were obtained under certain combinations of experimental variables.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1982

도열병의 특이적저항성에 관여하는 항균성물질인 phytoalexin을 친화적조합 혹은 비친화적조합에서 광범위하게 조사하였고 더 나아가 이의 경시적인 생성량과 생성속도 그리고 질소과용에 의한 생성량의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시수도품종 진흥, 수원 288호, 밀양 23호, Fukei 95, Chikeung, 노풍, 유신, 이리 344호, 9품종과 공시도열병균 race $C-8^{+t},\;N-2{+t}$, 및 N-2 3균계의 비친화적조합에서는 친화적조합에서 보다 훨씬 높은 phytoalexin 활성을 나타냈으며 친화적조합에서도 이의 활성이 인정되었다. 2. 균부화액 접종후 phytoalexin 활성의 경시적변화에서는 접종 24시간후에 명백히 그 활성이 인정되었으며 36시간후에는 최고활성을 보였는데 그 이후로 점차 감소하였다. 그러나 진흥과 N-2와의 조합에서는 24시간에 peak에 달하였고 그 이후 감소하였다. 친화적조합과 비친화적조합을 비교해 보면 친화적조합에서 보다 비친화적조합에서 활성이 높았고 증가속도도 약간 빨랐다. 3. 질소시여수준에 따른 phytoalexin 활성의 변화는 전반적으로 친화적조합에서나 비친화적조합에서나 과시비에 의해 그 활성이 떨어졌으며 비친화적조합에서 더욱 심하였다. 4. 생엽착즙액에서 포자발아율은 친화적조합 또는 비친화적조합 모두 일정한 경향을 볼 수 없었으며 조합간의 유의적인 차이도 인정되지 않았다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2001

Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) technique is based on the polymorphism detection through selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from digested genomic DNA and thus includes the procedures of the total DNA digestion by endonucleases, ligation of adapters to the ends of the fragments, and following the selective amplification of the restricted DNA fragments. This study were aimed to : (1) determine the genetic variability of S aureus strains, (2) estimate genetic diversity within and among these strains, (3) compare phylogenetic relationships among these strains as genetic markers using AFLP techniques. Genomic DNA was digested with a particular combination of three restriction enzymes with specific recognition sites and the DNA fragments were ligated to restriction specific adapters and amplified using the selective primer combinations. In the S aureus strain, the number of scorable AFLP bands detected per each primer combination varied from 29 to 102, with an average of 61.59 using 27 primer combinations. A total of 1,663 markers were generated, 904 bands of which were polymorphic, showing a 33.48% level of polymorphism with these primer combinations. Among the primer combinations, E02/T02, E02/T03, E04/H02, E02/T01 and E04/H03 primer combinations showed a high level of polymorphism with 0.78, 0.76, 0.74, 0.71 and 0.70, respectively. But T03/H01, E01/T02 and E01/T03 primer combinations showed a low level of polymorphism with 0.38, 0.37 and 0.15, respectively, Therefore, the former primer combinations will be the most effective for AFLP analysis of S aureus. In SA1 sub-types the level of polymorphism of S aureus KCTC 1927 was similar to that of S aureus CU 01(0.825) and higher than those of other strains such as S aureus CU 02 (0.715), S aureus KCTC 2199(0.625), S aureus KCTC 1916(0.607) and S aureus KCTC 1621 (0.553). In SA2 sub-types the level of polymorphism of S aureus CU 07 was similar to that of S aureus CU 08(0.935) and higher than those of both S aureus CU 04(0.883) and S aureus CU 05(0.883) and lower than those of S aureus CU 03(0.583). In SA3 subtypes the level of polymorphism of S aureus CU 11 was similar to that of S aureus CU 12(0.913) and lower than that of S aureus CU 15(0.623). The results proved that AFLP marker analysis of S aureus strain could be used to study the epidemiology of mastitis and in addition, common genotype in geographic region could be useful for the development of an effective vaccine or DNA marker for easy diagnosis of mastitis caused by S aureus infection.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2021

본 연구는 토종닭 종계의 산란능력 검증을 위해 국립축산과학원 가금연구소의 토종닭 순계로 생산한 종계 9개 조합의 생산능력을 비교 및 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 16주 체중은 CY조합이 1,604.9 g으로 가장 높았고 DK 조합이 1,424.4 g으로 가장 낮았다. 종계 9개 조합의 시산일령은 118.6일로 나타났고 YD 조합이 111.6일로 가장 빠르고 DK 조합이 126일로 가장 느린 시산을 보였다. 일계 산란율은 CF, CK 및 DK 조합이 74% 이상으로 높게 나타났다. DK 조합은 시산일령이 느려 일계산란수가 114.4개로 낮았으나 높은 일계 산란율을 보여 다른 조합에 비해 산란지속성이 우수할 것으로 사료된다. 난중은 DK 조합이 20주령 43.9 g, 36주령 58.1 g으로 모든 주령에서 월등히 무겁게 나타났다. 난질에서 난각색은 F와 K가 사용된 조합이 밝은 난각색을 보였고, 계란무게 형질은 DK와 CF 조합이 무겁게 나타났다. 난각 강도와 난각 두께는 DK 조합이 각각 3.8 kg/cm², 0.38 mm로 우수하였다. 종합하면, CF와 DK 조합이 산란능력 및 계란품질이 우수하게 나타났으며 부계로 Y 계통을 사용한 YC, YD 및 YK 조합은 대부분 형질의 성적이 저조하게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1504-1513
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• 2011

It is important to identify genetic interactions related to human diseases or animal traits. Many linear statistical models have been reported but they did not consider genetic interactions. Genotype matrix mapping (GMM) has been developed to identify genetic interactions. This study uses the GMM method to detect superior SNP combinations of the CCDC158 gene that influences average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and longissimus muscle dorsi area traits in Hanwoo. We evaluated the statistical significance of the major SNP combinations selected by implementing the permutation test of the F-measure. The effect of g.34425+102 A>T (AA), g.8778G>A (GG) and g.4102+36T>G (GT) SNP combinations produced higher performance of average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and the longissimus muscle dorsi area traits than the effect of a single SNP. GMM is a fast and reliable method for multiple SNP analysis with potential application in marker-assisted selection. GMM may prospectively be used for genetic assessment of quantitative traits after further development.