• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2007

The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Pelargonium graveolens and its effects when it was combined with current antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were evaluated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the essential oil fraction and the main components of this plant were determined for two antibiotic-susceptible and two antibiotic-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae using broth microdilution tests. The combined effects of the oil with erythromycin, norfloxacin, or oxacillin were evaluated using a checkerboard microtitre assay. The combination of the oil fraction of P. graveolens, or its main component, together with the antibiotics tested significantly lowered the MICs of the antibiotics against all of the tested strains with fraction inhibiting concentration indices (FICs) ranging from 0.16 to 1.50. In particular, the activity of norfloxacin against all of the tested strains of S. pneumoniae was enhanced significantly by combination with citronellol. In conclusion, the combination of P. graveolens oil with antibiotics could be used to reduce the effective dose of antibiotic and to modulate the resistance of S. pneumoniae strains.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.276-282
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• 2023

Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is an inflammatory, noninfectious disease that affects two or more joints in dogs. Immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone are considered the initial treatment choice for dogs with IMPA. However, few reports have described the combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone for treating dogs with IMPA. In this report, we described the cases of three dogs treated with a combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone. The clinical signs were alleviated in all cases, and C-reactive protein levels were reduced after treatment. Our results show that combination therapy of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone is effective in managing IMPA. However, careful monitoring of the potential adverse effects, including sporadic infections and metabolic diseases, is necessary. In addition, screening tests and appropriate treatments are necessary for proteinuria, a common complication in dogs with IMPA.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.257-276
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• 2020

In this study, the MKT level of pre-service mathematics teachers in the area of permutations and combinations was investigated, and MKT-Development Program(MKT-DP) focused on improving the MKT of pre-service mathematics teachers was developed and implemented to examine the effects of the program on the MKT in the area of permutations and combinations. Twenty-nine pre-service mathematics teachers participated in a four-week MKT-DP and MKT pre and post tests. According to the MKT pre test results for permutation and combination areas, pre-service teachers who participated in this study showed low levels of MKT in the permutation and combination areas, especially, the level of SCK and KCT was quite low. In order to examine the effects of MKT-DP, the results of pre- and post-MKT tests were analyzed, and a significant difference between pre- and post-tests was found only in the KCT sub-category. This shows that the MKT-DP developed in this study is effective in improving pre-services teachers' KCT in the area of permutation and combination. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the three remaining sub-categories(CCK, SCK, and KCS), the positive influence of MKT-DP can be expected throughout MKT, as a result of some level increase in post-test compared to the pre-test.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

Modern electronic circuits are becoming more vulnerable to damage by surges, and it is required to improve the impulse withstand voltage performance of electrical and electronic equipment. This paper presents the impulse withstand voltage performance of lighting equipment connected to power lines, and the impulse withstand voltage tests for fluorescent lamp, LED lamp and halogen lamp were carried out according to the reference standards under normal service conditions. To conduct performance tests against lightning surge, a combination wave ($1.2/50{\mu}s$ voltage - $8/20{\mu}s$ current) was employed. The test surge was applied between lines or between line and ground of the specimen to be measured. The test surge was applied synchronized at the peak value of the positive and negative AC voltage waves. As a consequence, some specimens satisfied the impulse withstand voltage test criteria, but lighting equipment such as 36W fluorescent lamps, 5W and 5.5W LED lamps and 50W halogen lamp were damaged at the test voltage levels between power lines. It is needed to improve the qualities of lighting equipment to satisfy EMC immunity requirements of equipment for general lighting purposes.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.458-463
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• 2012

This study is to examine the effects of a feedback breathing device exercise and diaphragm breathing exercise on pulmonary functions of chronic strokes patients. The selection of 20 subjects was divided equally and placed into a experiment group and a control group and the intervention was applied four times per a week for five weeks. In each session, both groups received rehabilitative exercise treatment for 30 minutes, and a feedback breathing device exercise for 15 minutes. In addition, experimental group conducted a combination of diaphragm breathing exercise for 15 minutes. Prior to and after the experiment, patients' pulmonary functions were measured using a spirometer. The pulmonary function tests included FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, VC, TV, IC, ERV, IRV. With respect to changes in the pulmonary functions of both groups, the experimental group significantly differed in FVC, FEV1, TV, ERV but did not in PEF, FEV1/FVC, VC, IRV. The control group did not significantly differ in any of the tests. There were significant differences in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, TV, ERV between the two groups, but no significant differences in FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC, VC, IRV between them after the experiment. The experimental group, which conducted a combination of a feedback breathing device exercise and diaphragm breathing exercise, saw their respiratory ability increase more significantly than the control group. The breathing exercise was found to improve pulmonary function in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2021

A series of experiments have been carried out by using National Geographic Information Institute(NGII)'s Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) data with various strategies to analyze the impact of multi-GNSS measurements on baseline processing. The results of baseline processing were compared in terms of ambiguity fixing rate, precision, and hypothesis tests were conducted to confirm the statistical difference. The combination of multi-GNSS measurements has helped to improve ambiguity fixing rate, especially under harsh positioning environments. Combination of GPS, Galileo, BeiDou could get better precision than that of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and adding QZSS made the baseline solution's vertical component more precisely. The hypothesis tests have statistically confirmed that the inclusion of the multi-GNSS in the baseline processing enables not only to reduce field observation time length but also to enhance the solution's precision. However, it is of interest to notice that results of the baseline solution are dependent upon the software used. Hence, comprehensive studies should be performed shortly to derive the best practice to select the appropriate software.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.693-698
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• 2009

Various acoustic tests were carried out to investigate the acoustic performance of diesel engine exhaust silencers. In order to consider flow effects, the test facility was set up composed of fan, duct and silencer. Using the test facility, insertion loss tests were carried out to improve the acoustic performance in the low-frequency ranges. Through a series of tests, it was found out that the array resonators having multi-perforated holes inside the exhaust silencer, might be very effective in the low frequency range. Consequently, the hybrid-type silencer which is the combination of reflective silencer with array resonators and conventional absorptive silencer, was proposed and its high performance in the low-frequency range was also verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

Various acoustic tests were carried out to investigate the acoustic performance of diesel engine exhaust silencers. In order to consider flow effects, test equipment composed of fan, duct and silencer was set up. Using the test equipment, insertion loss tests were carried out to improve the performance in the low-frequency ranges. Through a series of tests, the fact that array resonators may be effective in the low-frequency noise has been verified. Consequently, the hybrid-type silencer which is the combination of reflective silencer with array resonators and conventional absorptive silencer were proposed and its high acoustic performance in the low-frequency range has also been verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.1073-1076
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• 2010

Shallow foundations of various columns such as traffic signs, CCTVs, traffic lights, street lights, steel telephone poles and so on are made by cast-in-situ concrete method. However, typical cast-in-situ method has many problems because of the long duration of construction, occupation of sidewalks and low strength of the concrete after curing. In order to solve the problems, field load tests for the prefabricated DSF foundation made by combination of column and foundation was conducted to know load-deformation behavior by torsional tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1900-1906
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• 2000

In this study, the vibration screening effectiveness of barriers which can isolate structures from ground-transmitted vibration generated by harmonic forces is performed. For high frequencies, the vibration screening effectiveness of barriers is analyzed from field tests, and compared with the results from numerical analyses using a commercial program, ANSYS. Using these numerical analysis procedures, the effectiveness for vibration with various low frequencies is predicted. The frequency analysis tests of surface waves are performed in order to estimate the dynamic material properties of soil for 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, and 250 Hz. Three-dimensional solid elements are used in order to consider the diffraction of waves in all directions. Spring-damper combination elements are used in order to avoid the reflection of waves on the boundary. The results of numerical analysis agree with those of field tests. From the results of this numerical analyses, the reduction of vibration for low frequencies induced by the traffic loads can be predicted.