• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1996

The genotoxicity of combinations of four p-oxybenzoic acids (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, butyl paraben) and benzoic acid had been evaluated. The in vitro Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, 1535, TA 1537) and the invivo micronucleus assay using mouse peripheral blood were performed. Methyl paraben plus benzoic acid, ethyl paraben plus benzoic acid, and ethl paraben plus butyl paraben slightly increased the frequency of microuncleated reticulocytes in the high doses, but were negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium with and without rat liver microsomal activation. The other combinations tested were negative in Ames test and did not show any clastogenic effect in micronucleus test. These results suggest that genotoxicity can produced by th combination of p-oxybenzoic acid.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1968-1971
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• 2002

In this paper, we have presented a test- ing method for a kind of asynchronous circuits. Tar- get circuit model is the 3D machine that is one of the most successful implementation of extended burst-mode (XBM) machines. We present a high-level test generation method for the 3D machine using the specification of the circuit. We also present a gate-level test pattern generation method using a synchronous test pattern generator. Experimental results show that the combination of the above two methods achieves high fault coverage over 3D machines and saves test generation time.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design a variable frequency LED light system for plant factory which combined red, blue, green, white, and UV lights and controlled the ratio of the light wavelength. In addition, this study evaluated the performance of each combination of LED to verify the applicability. Methods: Four combinations of LED (i.e. Red+Blue, Red+Blue+Green, Red+Blue+White, Red+Blue+UV) were designed using five types of LED. The system was designed to control the duty ratio of each wavelength of LED by 1% interval from 0~100%, the pulse by 1Hz interval from 1~20kHz. Response characteristics of the control system, spectral distribution of each combination, light uniformity and uniformity ratio were measured to test the performance of the system. Results: Clean waveforms were measured from 10Hz to 10kHz regardless of duty ratio. Frequency distortion was observed within 5% of inflection point at frequencies above 10kHz regardless of duty ratio, but it was judged negligible. Spectra showed a normal distribution, and maximum PPF with duty ratio of 100% was $271.4{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for the Red+Blue combination. PPF of the Red+Blue+Green combination was $258.9{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and that of the Red+Blue+White combination was $273.9{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. PPF of the Red+Blue+UV combination was $267.7{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Uniformity ratio for the area excepting border showed 0.90 for the Red+Blue and Red+Blue+White combinations, 0.87 for the Red+Blue+Green combination, and 0.88 for the Red+Blue+UV combination. The light was irradiated evenly at the area excepting border, so it was suitable for plant growing. Conclusions: From the results of this study, response characteristics of the control system, spectral distribution of each combination, light uniformity and uniformity ratio were suitable for applying into the plant factory.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.525-533
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• 1997

Background : No ideal combination chemotherapy for lung cancer has been established even though lots of combination anticancer chemotherapies have been tried. For the combination of anticancer drugs, the interaction of anticancer drugs is very important but unpredictable factor. In this experiment, we designed and tested new experiment to measure the interaction of two anticancer drugs using MIT assay in an attempt to predict clinical response of the combination regimen. Methods : With human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-14), the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin C and etoposide were measured by in vitro chemosensitivity test (MIT assay). The combined cytotoxic effects of combination of two drugs were also measured in every combination of the drug concentrations and analyzed the interaction by Anava analysis of two way factorial design. Results : Four individual drugs showed cytotoxic effects on PC-14 by dose dependent fashion. Comparison of two drug combinations revealed that mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin combinations showed stronger synergistic cytotoxic effects. Conclusion : From this experiment, we suggest two combinations of mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin as chemotherapeutic regimens for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, this experimental design could be applied to other types of cancer requiring combination anticancer chemotherapy.

• MALSORI
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• no.67
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• pp.79-102
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigate the relation between Bayes factor and likelihood ratio test (LRT) approaches and apply the neighborhood information of Bayes factor to building an alternate hypothesis model of the LRT system. To consider the neighborhood approaches, we contemplate a distance measure between models and algorithms to be applied. We also evaluate several methods to improve performance of utterance verification using neighborhood information. Among these methods, the system which adopts anti-models built by collecting mixtures of neighborhood models obtains maximum error rate reduction of 17% compared to the baseline, linear and weighted combination of neighborhood models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.1193-1196
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• 2003

Noise reduction effect of a pine tree which was used to reinforce a noise barrier was studied by using reduced scale model test. The result show that the pine tree itself was less effective but the combination of pine tree and noise barrier was good for reducing the noise and sight.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.740-746
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• 2003

In winter season the driving test of the KTX showed the excessive vibration in the tail cars. In this paper, the measured KTX vibration data during test run is analyzed in time and frequency domain. And the numerical simulations using ANSYS and ADAMS are done on the basis of the experimental observations. The results show that 0.6Hz of the tail car motion is due to the natural mode of car combination of the KTX.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.580-584
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• 2002

This paper proposes an experimental study on the traction system of rubber tired AGT (Automated Guideway Transit). IGBT VVVF inverter is developed for 1C2M propulsion system of AGT, and it consists of inverter stack, gate control unit, control unit, and interface unit. The combination test was carried out to prove the performance of inverter, and test results show that the developed inverter is excellent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.237-241
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• 2012

Objective: Screening for colorectal cancer using guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) is well established in Western populations, but is hampered by poor patient compliance due to the imposed dietary restrictions. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) do not require dietary restriction, but are more expensive than gFOBT and therefore restrict its use in developing countries in Asia. However, Asian diets being low in meat content may not require diet restriction for gFOBT to achieve equivalent results. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the validity and suitability of gFOBT and FIT or a combination of the two in screening for colorectal neoplasias without prior dietary restriction in an Asian population. Methods: Patients referred to the Endoscopic Unit for colonoscopy were recruited for the study. Stool samples were collected prior to bowel preparation, and tested for occult blood with both gFOBT and FIT. Dietary restriction was not imposed. To assess the validity of either tests or in combination to detect a neoplasm or cancer in the colon, their false positive rates, their sensitivity (true positive rate) and the specificity (true negative rate) were analyzed and compared. Results: One hundred and three patients were analysed. The sensitivity for picking up any neoplasia was 53% for FIT, 40% for gFOBT and 23.3% for the combination. The sensitivities for picking up only carcinoma were 77.8%, 66.7% and 55.5%, respectively. The specificity for excluding any neoplasia was 91.7% for FIT, 74% for gFOBT and 94.5% for a combination, whereas for excluding only carcinomas they were 84%, 73.4% and 93.6%. Of the 69 with normal colonoscopic findings, FOBT was positive in 4.3%, 23.2 %and 2.9% for FIT, gFOBT, or combination of tests respectively. Conclusion: FIT is the recommended method if we are to dispense with dietary restriction in our patients because of its relatively low-false positivity and better sensitivity and specificity rates.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

Purpose: In case of existing building, A lot of attempts are being made like changing thermal system or using high efficiency products to decrease energy load and increase energy efficiency. However, (1) Absence of systemed database of green-remodeling technology and products. (2) Absence of comparative analysis system and qualitative/quantitative evaluation method of energy performance and energy reduction cost. (3) Existing remodeling was very hard to access for non-experts. So, in this paper, the authors developed data base for green-remodeling(Impact Table A, Impact Table B) and optimum combination dedication tool for user convenience. Accordingly, purpose of this paper validate usefulness of Impact Table and optimum alternative dedication tool. Method: For validate the usefulness of Impact Table and optimum combination dedication tool, the authors selected five test model office buildings. Next, through research investigation, the authors diagnosed the present state of buildings. In base of diagnosis results, select technologies for remodeling by qualitative comparison (Impact Table A). Next, evaluate quantitative price and performance technologies that selected in Impact Table A (Impact Table B). Lastly, through final evaluation of Impact Taba A and Impact Table B, determine the direction of the green-remodeling. Result: Impact Table and optimum combination dedication tool can use relative indicator for green-remodeling, especially through ROI by detail field.