• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bST treatment on embryo recovery and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Donor cows were superovulated with Folltropin-V and PGF$_2$$\alpha$ combination method and then inseminated with frozen semen 3 times 12 hrs interval. Donor and recipient cows were assigned to control and bST group, of which was given a single injection of bST (500 mg, im) at insemination or estrus detection. Embryo collection of superovulated cows were flushed nonsurgical method at 7 to 8 days after artificial insemination. The percentare and Mean$\pm$S.E. of transferable embryo was not significantly different between control and bST treatment (72.8%/5.9$\pm$4.5 vs. 83.7%15.1 $\pm$ 1.6). The percentage and Mean$\pm$S.E. of transferable embryo in non-summer season was significantly higher than in summer (81.8%/5.4$\pm$2.1 vs. 68.7%14.774.6; P<0.05). The pregnancy rate after embryo transfer in bST treatment was significantly higher than in control (64.0 vs. 47.1%; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between summer and non-summer (51.6 vs. 61.5%; P>0.05). The results indicated that InST treatment in recipient cows could improve the efficiency of transferable embryo production and pregnancy rate after embryo transfer, and non-summer season may be better far superovulation treatment and embryo transfer.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2009

The documentary characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion recorded in Dusagyeong(杜思敬)'s".Jesaengbalsu(濟生拔粹)" can be summarized into 3 major parts: 1. "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop(潔古雲岐鍼法)" and "Dutaesachimbeop(竇太師鍼法)" 1) "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" was edited by Dusagyeong of the Won dynasty, and was recorded in "Jesaengbalsu". Du was influenced by his teacher Heohyeong(許衡) and followed Janggyeolgo(張潔古) and his son Jangbyeok(張璧), and collected his work "Chimgu-pyeon(鍼灸篇)" for Jang and named it "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop", and took the content from the medical book of Jang and his student Wang-haejang(王海藏). (2) "Jesaengbalsu"'s original edition exists today. The "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" listed in "Jesaengbalsu"'s index contain two collections, the first collection being "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" and the second collection being "Dutaesachimbeop(竇太師鍼法)" (3) Gyeolgo(潔古)、Un-gija(雲岐子)'s acupuncture methods can be seen in Un-gija "Bomyeongjipryuyo(保命集類要)" and Wanghaejang "Chasananji(此事難知)". (4) The related acupuncture methods are 'Non-gyeong-rak-yeongsubosabeop(論經絡迎隨補瀉法)', 'Gyeong-rakchwiwonbeop(經絡取原法)', 'Jeopgyeongbeop(接經法)', and 'Sang-hanyeolbyeongjabeop(傷寒熱病刺法)' (5) Du's edition of the entire text of 'Gyeolgojajetongbeop(潔古刺諸痛法)' 'Jasimtongjehyeol(刺心痛諸穴)' and the first half of 'Jeopgyeongbeop(接經法)' is all recorded in "Somunbyeonggigi-uibomyeongjip(素問病機氣宜保命集)". The existing "Somunbyeonggigi-uibomyeongjip" is a combination of the unfinished posthumous work of Yuwanso(劉完素), "Gi-ui(氣宜)" and "Byeonggi(病機)" with works such as Jangwonso(張元素)'s '"Bomyeongseo(保命書)"'. (6) Of the titles "Gyeolgo-ungichimbeop" and "Dutaesachimbeop", the 14$\sim$19th chapters "Dutaesachimbeop" should be concentrated at the end of the chapter, and the 16th chapter that Du added was put after chapter 14 "Yujujiyobu(流注指要賦)", and chapters 20, 21 should be put in "Gyeolgoungichimbeop" after chapter 13. 2. "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip(鍼經摘英集)" (1) "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip" is a collection of the acupuncture and moxibustion contents of medical books from the Geum and Won dynasties that Dusagyeong collected and organized during the Won dynasty, which is consisted of 5 chapters : "Guchimshik(九鍼式)", "Jeolyangchwisuhyeolbeop(折量取腧穴法)", "Bosabeop(補瀉法)", "Yongchimhoheupbeop(用鍼呼吸法)", "Chibyeongjik-ralgyeol(治病直剌訣)". (2) First, the contents. The nine acupuncture needles[九鍼] listed in "Guchimshik(九鍼式)" is the first existing document recording to systematically illustrate the 'nine classical needles' in drawing and text form which reflects the forms of the needles of the era. Second, "Jeolyangchwisuhyeolbeop(折量取腧穴法)" has the same basic way of measuring points [量穴法] as Wang-yuil's "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudo-gyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and the same point selection rules as "Jeonyeongbang(全嬰方)". Third, in "Bosabeop(補瀉法)", "Somun(素問)" and Janggyeolgo's "Yeongsubosabeop(迎隨補瀉法)" is put together. Fourth, in "Yongchimhoheupbeop(用鍼呼吸法)", the cold and heat supplementation and draining [寒熱補瀉] method that combines breathing with inner and outer rotation[外 內撚] is recorded. Fifth, "Chi-byeongjik-ralgyeol(治病直剌訣)" is the main part of "Chimgyeongjeok-yeongjip(鍼經摘英集)" listing 69 acupuncture treatments reflecting Du's scholastic ideas on aspects such as syndrome differentiation[辨證], needling method and type of needle[鍼具]. (3) The content of this book was quoted by "Bojebang Chimgumun(普濟方 鍼灸門)" and when Gomu compiled "Chimguchwiyeong", he put the acupuncture treatments for the main indications of the disease patterns[鍼方主治病證] of this book in the related main indications of acupuncture points[腧穴主治證], which influenced books on acupuncture points there after. 3. "Chimgyeongjeolyo(鍼經節要)" (1) Consists of 1 volume. The original title of this book is "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudo-gyeong (銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" and the author is Wang-yuil of the Northern Song dynasty, written in the 4th year of the Cheonseong(天聖) era of the Song dynasty(1026). (2) Dusagyeong selected the contents on pathology of the 12 meridians in volume one and two, the introduction and five transport points[五輸穴] in volume 5 of "Dong-indo-gyeong(銅人圖經)" and named it "Chimgyeongjeolyo." During the Won dynasty it was recorded in "Jesaengbalsu".

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1992

Routine chest radiography is generally imaged by high voltage technique but some radiological technologists use low voltage for imaging. High voltage is usually said between $120\;kV{\sim}140\;kV$. Some RTs like using heavy filtration but others seldom like using it. However which is better for use calcium tungustate film screen system or ortho system and high contrast film or wide latitude c-type film for the exculusive use of chest radiography. We could not make a decision which is ideal method for use. In my opinion any method is not always exellent for chest radiography. In my experiments that I had at Kaken hospital in Japan last year I expect to keep the balance between image quality and diagnostic range and to reduce radiation dose for patients. My experiments are as follows. 1. We have looked into system characteristics(speed and contrast) in accordance with kVp($80{\sim}140$) and added filter($no{\sim}1/16\;VL$) in three screen film systems(BX3+CRONEX4, SRO750+MGH, SRO750+MGL). 2. We have looked into skin dose and film dose with same D=1.8 lung field density in accordance with kVp($80{\sim}140$) and added filter($no{\sim}1/16\;VL$) in three screen film systems. 3. We have compared with the evaluation between correlation of physical image quality(MTF) and optical diagnostic capability. Result are follows. 1. Speed of BX3+CRONEX4 became higher in accodance with kVp and thickness of filter but speed of ortho system was not as like regular system. Thicker filter diminished the speed over 100 kV range in SRO750+MGL. In case of SRO750+MGH speed of 1/16VL filter was looked into lower than speed of 1/4VL filter. Sensitivity of ortho system depends on tube voltage and added filter. 2. Skin dose has been detected $225\;{\mu}Gy{\sim}66\;{\mu}Gy$ in BX3+CRONEX4 from 80 kV, no filter to 140 kV, 1/16VL filter. SRO750+MGH could reduce the patient dose $1/2{\sim}1/3$ level in comparison to that of BX3+CRONEX4. 3. The higher kV was the worse MTF became the thicker filter was the worse MTF became too. MTF of BX3+CRONEX4 was detected better than MTF of SRO750+MGH but SRO750+MGH's optical detectability of small lesion in lung field came out better than that of BX3+CRONEX4. Conclusion Recently routine chest radiography is generally imaged by high voltage but it seems to be there are some questions in using of film screen combination. In high voltage chest radiography the subject contrast will come down that means latitude become wider. In this case if we select the low contrast film screen system(C or L type) the film contrast will fall down extremly and detectability of small lesion will be deteriorated. Wide latitude C, L type film has a merit of high detectability on mediastinum. Furthermore high contrast film screen system has the advantage to keep the high contrast in low density region as like mediastinum and heart shadow. Therefore in low subject contrast high voltage chest radiography we would rather choose the high contrast film screen system(H type) I think. From a view point of patient dose detectability of mediastinum and lung field. The optimum technical facter was found out 120 kV, 1/16VL filter : BX3+CRONEX4, 140 kV, 1/4VL filter : SRO750+MGH, 100 kV, 1/4VL filter : SRO750+MGL.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2014

This study reviewed an application of water quality estimation using an Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery (A-HSI) and tested a part of Han River water quality (especially suspended solid) estimation with available in-situ data. The estimation of water quality was processed two methods. One is using observation data as downwelling radiance to water surface and as scattering and reflectance into water body. Other is linear regression analysis with water quality in-situ measurement and upwelling data as at-sensor radiance (or reflectance). Both methods drive meaningful results of RS estimation. However it has more effects on the auxiliary dataset as water quality in-situ measurement and water body scattering measurement. The test processed a part of Han River located Paldang-dam downstream. We applied linear regression analysis with AISA eagle hyperspectral sensor data and water quality measurement in-situ data. The result of linear regression for a meaningful band combination shows $-24.847+0.013L_{560}$ as 560 nm in radiance (L) with 0.985 R-square. To comparison with Multispectral Imagery (MSI) case, we make simulated Landsat TM by spectral resampling. The regression using MSI shows -55.932 + 33.881 (TM1/TM3) as radiance with 0.968 R-square. Suspended Solid (SS) concentration was about 3.75 mg/l at in-situ data and estimated SS concentration by A-HIS was about 3.65 mg/l, and about 5.85mg/l with MSI with same location. It shows overestimation trends case of estimating using MSI. In order to upgrade value for practical use and to estimate more precisely, it needs that minimizing sun glint effect into whole image, constructing elaborate flight plan considering solar altitude angle, and making good pre-processing and calibration system. We found some limitations and restrictions such as precise atmospheric correction, sample count of water quality measurement, retrieve spectral bands into A-HSI, adequate linear regression model selection, and quantitative calibration/validation method through the literature review and test adopted general methods.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate three-dimensional embroidery techniques for creating conductive fabric materials. Such techniques can increase the efficiency of energy harvesting by increasing the fabric's area during rubbing and brushing. We also investigate the fabric structure of the triboelectric energy harvesting type. Two experiments were conducted for this purpose. In Experiment I, the three-dimensional embroidery technique(satin technique, file technique) and the conductive fabric material(copper-based MPF, nickel-based MPF) were selected as the main variables affecting the efficiency of triboelectric energy harvesting from the human body. Four samples were fabricated according to a combination of two variables. In Experiment II, the harvesters fabricated by the three-dimensional embroidery method showing the highest efficiency were subjected to brushing processes and the voltages generated after processing were analyzed. As a result, in both conductive fabric materials, the pile embroidery fabric structure showed a higher efficiency than the satin structure. These results show the triboelectric energy harvesting principle, which is proportional to the charge density and the generated voltage. It can be seen that the structure of pile embroidery fabric with a large friction area is advantageous for increasing efficiency compared to satin embroidery-fabric structure with a relatively small friction area. Moreover, the energy harvesting efficiency after brushing was higher than that before processing due to the increased friction area, and it was found that the brushing method is advantageous for increasing the triboelectric-energy harvest.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.359-369
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• 1997

We studied the expression of the cell surface antigen associated with myeloid and lymphoid leukemias on bone marrow or peripheral blood blast cells from 153 leukemic patients including 61 cases of acute myelogenous leukemias(AML), 46 of acute lymphocytic leukemias(ALL) and 12 of acute leukemias. They were analyzed by direct or indirect immunofluorescence method for reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies to B cells(CD10, CD19, SmIg), T cells(CD2, CD5, CD7, CD3, CD4, CD8), myeloid antigen(CD13, CD14, CD33, CD61) and a nonspecific antigen, HLA-DR. Lymphoid associated markers detected on AML is CD7 32.8%, CD10 14.8%, CD5 13.1%, CD2 6.6% and CD19 1.6%. TdT was positive in 4.9% of AMLs. Hybrid leukemias were 8 cases out 61 AML cases and were mainly composed of monocytic lineage, M4 and M5a. Myeloid markers detected in ALL were CD13 2.2% and CD33 2.2%. In this study, immunologically classified ALLs were composed of 65.2% of CALLA (+) B precursor type, 10.9% of CALLA (-) B precursor pattern, 8.7% of T cell type, 2.2% of B cell type, 4.5% of mixed lymphoid lineage(B&T), 2.2% of undifferentiated leukemia, and 6.5% of hybrid leukemia. Twelve cases of acute leukemias ware finally diagnosed to be 5 cases of hybrid leukemia, 3 cases of B lineage, 3 case of T lineage and 1 case of mixed lymphoid(B&T) leukemia. In summary, we think the best method for typing acute leukemias is by using a combination of FAB classification and immunophenotying.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1995

Background: The natural history of bacillary tuberculosis was studied in India and results showed that at the end of the 5-year period, 49% of the patients were dead, 33% were cured and 18% remained sputum-positive. The aim of this survey is to observe the natural course of the patients with intractable tuberculosis disease who were incurable with all drug regimens of the national tuberculosis programme(NTP). Method: Of the patients who have been found as intractable cases in Kang-Weon Province by the supervisory medical officer during the period from January 1,1987 to December 31,1992, 179 were eligible for this study. Sputum examination was done for those who were survived until October in 1993 at the Kang-Weon provincial laboratory of KNTA. 49 out of 179 patients were transferred to the private sectors and retreated with the combination of prothionamide, cycloserine, ofloxacin, enviomycin, etc. They seemed to have been bacteriologically cured, and so they were excluded from the study. Finally 130 patients were analyzed by modified life table method to calculate the fatality rate and the survival rate during the period of 7 years. Results: 1) 80.8% of intractable cases were male and 19.2%, female. 2) More than 94% of intractable cases showed moderately or far advanced Tb findings on their X-rays at the time of registration at health centres. 3) The cumulative case-fatality rate was 19.74% at the end of 1-year period and has risen to 34.55% by the end of 4-year period(increasing by 4.9% a year on an average). The case-fatality rate has shown no appreciable rise since then until the end of 7-year period. 4) The case-survival rate was 80.26% at the end of 1-year period and has decreased to 65.45% by the end of 4-year period. And then there was no appreciable change in the survival rate until the end of 7-year observation. Conclusion: The case-survival rate of intractable cases was higher than that of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients and they may have risk of spreading multidrug resistant organisms. It is time we made an effort to improve case-management qualitatively.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2015

This study attempts to introduce the methodology for accounting real-time population distribution in the urban areas. For the purpose, we utilize the media user's time-space information from the media users' media diaries in the media panel survey databases. We analyze the space-time population rate for each activity space related with everyday urban lifes. Seoul has been selected as a case study area, since space-time information are relatively rich there, and thus the comparisons are available. The space-time population rates have been verified by the comparative analysis with the T-card results. We propose a real time population measurement method by combination of the space-time population rate with geographical data. The real time population of each activity space at each dong in Seoul has been calculated by multiplying the space-time population rates to the numbers of employer of three categories of activity spaces(residential, working, and commercial). By utilizing GIS, we visualize the results of two time points (3AM and 3PM) and then analyze the spacio-temporal characteristics of real time population distribution in Seoul. The Day time population distribution pattern shows strong relationships with the distribution of business and commercial activities, while the night time population distribution pattern can be explained by resident population distribution almost perfectly.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.347-356
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• 1999

Background: Exit site/tunnel infection causes considerable morbidity and technique failure in CAPD patients. We presently use a unique revision method for the treatment of refractory ESI/TI in CAPD patients and mupirocin prophylaxis for high risk patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 139 CAPD patients about the ESI/TI from October 1993 to February 1999 at Yeungnam University Hospital. At the beginning of the ESI. we usually started medications with rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and then changed the antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. If the ESI had persisted and there were TI symptoms (purulent discharge, abscess lesion around exit site). we performed catheter revision(external cuff shaving, disinfection around tunnel and new exit site on opposit direction) with a combination of proper antibiotics. We applied local mupirocin ointment at the exit site three times per week to the 34 patients who had the risk of ESI starting from October 1998. Results: The total follow-up was 2401 patient months(pt. mon). ESI occurred on 105 occasions in 36 out of 139 patients, and peritonitis occurred on 112 occasions in 67 out of 139 patients. The total number of incidences of ESI and peritonitis was 1 per 23.0 pt. mon and 1 per 2l.6 pt.mon. The most common organism responsible for ESI was Staphylococcus aureus (26 of 54 isolated cases, 48%), followed by the Methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA) (13 cases, 24%). Seven patients(5: MRSA. 2: Pseudomonas) had to be treated with a revision to control infection. Three patients experienced ESI relapse after revision. One of them improved with antibiotics, while another needed a second revision and the remaining required catheter removal due to persistent MRSA infection with re-insertion at the same time. But, there was no more ESI in these 3 patients who were received management to relapse (The mean duration: 14.0 months). The rates of ESI were significantly reduced after using mupirocin than before(1 per 12.7 vs 34.0 pt.mon, P<0.01). Conclusions: In summary, revision technique can be regarded as an effective method for refractory ESI/TI before catheter removal. Also local mupirocin ointment can play a significant role in the prevention of ESI.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2000

Background: Hepatocellular carcinomal(HCC) has been considered to be relatively radioresistant. The role of radiotherapy(RT) in the treatment of HCC is controversial. But RT has a role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as a single or combination modalities. The effect of radiotherapy on HCC was evaluated. Patients and Methods: From January 1984 through January 2000, a total of 18 patients with unresectable HCC underwent radiotherapy alone or in conjunction with transarterial embolization(TAE). We reviewed the medical ecords of patients treated with RT and measured the tumor size using measured the tumor size using planimetry method. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. Results: The RT patients were 15 men and 3 women. The mean age was 51 years. four(22.2%) of them were accompanied with ascites. Eleven(61.1%) of them were accompanied with liver cirrhosis and their functions were 6, 3, 2 in each Child-Pugh A, B, C, respectively. A partial response(PR) was observed in 2 patients(11.1%), minimal response(MR) in 4 patients (22.2%) and no change(NC), in 11 patients(61.1%), whereas progressive disease(PD) was seen in 1 patients(6%), respectively. Conclusions: Although the radiotherapy in HCC did not improve the survival rate. it decreased the tmor size. Radiotherapy strengthens the therapeutic efficacy when combined with TAE, but more studies are needed.