• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.38-67
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• 2003

The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water. steam. hot oil, sour and salty. It is occurred frequently in the daily life as well as oriental therapy like moxibustion therapy, physical therapy. Nevertheless, medical treatment of the burn is almost dependent on western cure. So we chose the oriental medicine textbooks and the oriental medicine journals that were dealing with the drugs, processing the drugs. peculiar treatment put first external cure. The results were as follows; 1. The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water, steam, hot oil, sour and salty. 2. The burn cause blisters, irritability and restlessness, nausea, dryness of mouth, constipation, in case of serious, coma, dyspnea and death. The early stage of the burn, blisters form by skin damage and they burst into skin ulceration from which pus issues, the latter term, the wound form scab and healed up. 3. In a light case, medical treatment of the burn was used external treatment by medicine for externalism use, in a serious case, it was used both as an internal remedy and medicine for outward application. Also in the early stage, it was careful of using the cold and cool medicine, as the process of healing, it was used alleviating pain, detoxicating, moistening the skin, growing muscle and skin, convergence, evacuating pus, regeneration of the tissue, strengthen the spleen and nourishing the stomach. 4. The external treatment medication is Herba Ephedrae Oil(麻油), Radix ET Rhizoma Rhei(大黃), Glauberitum(寒水石), Water(水), Pig OiI(猪油), Pig Fat(猪脂), Radix Angelicae Gigantis(當歸), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連), Cortex Phellodindri(黃栢). The White of an Egg(鷄子淸), Raw Honey(生蜜), Honey(蜜), Wine(酒), Etc. It is mostly the cold and cool medications. 5. Soft extracted and powered dosage form in external treatment is much used. The soft extracted form(32times used) are mostly Chung Ryang paste(淸凉膏) and Fructus Papaveris paste(罌粟膏). The powered form(30times used) are mostly Bingsang Powder(氷霜散), Bosaenggugo Powder(保生救苦散), Sahwang Powder(四黃散). The others is much a various powder adding solvent. 6. If varicella stage, erosion after varicella stage, oozing stage and extreme pain stage, the powder adding solvent is much used. If little oozing stage. ulcering stage, scabing stage and a chronic stage, Soft extracted dosage form is much used. 7. The most many(26.65%) used method is that apply each medication power mixed water(水), wine(酒), honey(蜜) in a wounded part.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2004

Fresh-cut 멜론의 연화 억제를 위해 열처리를 행하였으며 그에 따른 저장 중 품질 특성과 texture를 조사하였다. 직접적인 열처리에 의한 과실의 품질 열하를 방지하기 위하여 전과(全果, whole fruit)를 저온(5$0^{\circ}C$)에서 열처리하고 저온(5$^{\circ}C$)에서 24시간 저장한 후, 멜론 cylinder를 가공하였다. 저장중의 포장 내 가스 조성의 변화를 통한 호흡특성, 색도 변화, pH, 가용성 고형분 함량 등의 품질 특성 및 texture를 측정하였다. 열처리한 멜론 cylinder의 호흡 특성은 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 포장 내 산소 함량은 감소하고 이산화탄소 함량은 증가하였다. 특히 무처리구에 비하여 열처리한 멜론 cylinder의 포장내 산소 소비량 및 이산화탄소 발생량이 크게 나타났다. 전과상태에서 저온(5$0^{\circ}C$) 열처리는 멜론 cylinder의 경도 유지에 크게 영향을 주었으며 저장 6일의 경도에서 열처리 시간에 관계없이 무처리구에 비하여 경도가 크게 나타났다. 특히 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분 열처리한 구의 경도가 가장 큰 값을 나타냈다. 열처리 시간에 따른 색도의 차이는 미비하였으나 무처리구에 비하여 색도 변화 정도가 작게 나타났으며 특히 모든 열처리구의 L-value와 coma value가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분 열처리 하여 가공한 멜론 cylinder의 pH와 가용성 고형분 함량이 저장 기간의 경과에도 유지되었으며 품질 변화가 가장 작게 나타났다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2004

I have come to next conclusions in consequence of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding venesection therapy. 1. Venesection therapy is much used for five sensory organ disease. Besides that internal disease, pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints, sugical disease, disease of woman and children, fever sunstroke CVA emergency case follow that in the order of frequency of use. 2. It is used for swollen tongue, eye pain, pharyngitis, swelling and pain in the throat, bleeding from the eye ear nose mouth or subcutaneous tissue, tonsillitis, aphthae and so on in the five sensory organ disease. Focus, sosang, jinjin yuye, taiyang, baihui are used for five sensory organ disease in the order of frequency of use. 3. It is used for malaria, headache, precordial pain, head-wind, abdominal colic, diseases characterized by acute diarrhea and vomiting, and so on in the Internal disease. Superficial venules and lymph vessesls, taiyang, quze are used for Internal disease in the order of frequency of use. 4. It is used for low back pain, hypochondriac pain, numbness, knee pain, tinea pedis, red swelling pain of hand and arm, flaccidity-syndrome, and so on in the pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints. Weizhong, superficial venules and lymph vessesls, Ashi point, zhigou are used for pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints in the order of frequency of use. 5. It is used for furuncle, tinea capitis, and so on in the sugical disease. Focus, weizhong are used for sugical disease in the order of frequency of use. 6. It is used for inflammatory disease with redness of skin, and so on in the disease of woman and children. Focus, weizhong, yanglingquan, yaoshu, sanyinjiao are used for disease of woman and children in the order of frequency of use. 7. It is used for fever, CVA, sunstroke, cadaverous coma, common cold, and so on in the fever sunstroke CVA emergency case. Sosang, weizhong, chize are used for fever sunstroke CVA emergency case in the order of frequency of use. 8. The urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang is most used. Next there are the du channel, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin the liver channel of foot-jueyin, the ren channel, the heart channel of hand-shaoyin, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang in the order of frequency in use. 9. Superficial venules and lymph vessesls, focus, five shu points, extra-point, back point are used in the venesection therapy, those are characteristic of locating an acupuncture point.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.188-200
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• 1995

파장 13nm의 연 X-선을 사용하여 초고밀도 반도체 칩을 네작할 수 있는 고분해능의 투사 결상용 2-반사경계(배율=1)을 설계하였다. 등배율(1:1)의 광학계는 holosymmetric system으로 구성하였을 때 코마와 왜곡수차가 완전히 제거되는 이점을 갖는다. 2-반사경 holosymmetric system에서 추가적으로 구면수차를 제거하기 위해 두 반사경을 동일한 포물면으로 만들고 두 반사경 사이 거리를 조절하여 비점수차와 Petzval 합이 상쇄되게 함으로써 상면만곡 수차를 보정하였다. 이렇게 구한 aplanat flat-field 포물면 2-반사경 holosymmetric system은 크기가 작고 광축회전대칭의 간단한 구조를 가지면 중앙부 차폐가 아주 작다는 특징을 갖고 있다. 이 반사경계에 대해 잔류 수차, spot diagrams, 회절효과가 고려된 NTF의 분석 등을 통해 연 X-선 리소그라피용 투사 광학계로서의 성능이 조사된 결과, $0.25\mum$및. $0.18\mum$의 해상도가 얻어지는 상의 최대 크기가 각각 4.0mm, 2.5mm로 구해졌고 초점심도는 각각 $2.5.\mu$m, $2.4.\mum$로 얻어졌다. 그러므로 이 반사경계는 256Mega DRAM 및 1Giga DRAM의 반도체 칩 제작의 연구에 응용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 1993

Panax ginseng has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and Prophylactic agent. Recently, several reports regarding to anticancer effects of Panax ginseng has accumulated. These studies emphasized the fact that the anticancer activities might be due to a glycoside group called ginsenoside or pan.u saponin which has a water soluble characteristic. However, the authors and collaborates demonstrated that a highly lipid soluble component in extract of Panax ginseng roots contains a considerable cytotoxic activities against marine leukemic cells (L1210, P388) and human censer cells (HRT-18, HT-29, HCT48). This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activities of Petroleum-ether extract of Panax giuseng roots (crude GBD and its Partially Purified fraction from silicic acid column chromatography (7 : 3 GX) against sarcoma-180 (5-180) and Walker carcinosar- coma 256 (Walker 256) in vivo, and murine leukemic Lymphocytes (L1210) and human rectal cancer cells (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells (HT-29 and HCT48) in vitro. Each cell-line was cultured in medium containing serial concentration of the crude GX or 7 : 3 GX in vitro. A highly lipid soluble compound in the extract of Panax ginseng root was cytocidal to murine leukemic cells and human colon and rectal cancer cells in vitro. In the meantime, ginseng saponin derivatives did not have cytotoxic effects at its corresponding concentration. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing ginseng extracts were inhibited gradually to a significant degree roughly in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. The cytotoxic activity of 7 : 3 GX was about 3 times more potent than that of crude GX, one unit of cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells being equivalent to 2.54 Ug and 058 Ug for the crude GX and 7 : 3 GX, respectively. The Ri value of the active compound on silica- gel thin layer chromatography with petroleum-ether/ethyl ether/acetic acid mixture (90 : 10 : 1, v/v/v) as a developing so lvent was 053. While, the Panaxydol and Panaxynol as active compounds were purified from Petroleum-ether extract of Panax ginseng root by Drs. Ahn and Kim, and author found out that the one unit of cytotoxic activity of the Panaxydol and Panaxynol against L1210 cells being equivalent to 056 Ug and 0.3918 respectively. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times by the 7 : 3 GX treatment compared with their control group. The significantly decreased hemoglobin values of rats after inoculation with Walker 256 were recovered to normal range by oral administration of the crude Gt The synthetic levels of protein, DNA and RNA in human colon and rectal cancer cells were significantly diminished by treatment with the crude GX, which can explain a part of the origin of its anticancer activity.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.304-312
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 여러 형태의 회절광학요소의 field performance를 조사하였다. Zemax 프로그램을 이용하여 다섯 개의 회절광학요소, 즉 투과형 평면 DOE, 투과형 곡면 DOE, 반사형 포물면 DOE, 반사형 평면 DOE, 그리고 반사형 곡면 DOE를 설계하였다. 그리고 이들 회절광학요소에 극자외선 파장인 13 nm와 가시광선 파장인 632.8 nm를 적용시켰다. 이들 DOEs에 사입사 조명시의 회절 한계 하에서의 시야각의 크기 및 파장에 따른 특성, 그리고 주된 수차의 형태를 상호분석 비교하였다. 회절한계 하에서 투과 및 반사 형태 모두에서 곡면 DOEs의 시야각이 평면 DOEs의 시야각보다 훨씬 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 사입사 경우에 평면 DOEs와 포물면경의 주된 수차는 코마이며, 곡면 DOEs의 주된 수차는 비점수차와 상면만곡의 혼합된 형태로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 측정을 통하여 얻은 시야각의 크기와 수차의 종류가 이론적인 결과와 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 극자외선영역에서 평면형 DOEs에 비해 곡면형 DOEs의 field angle의 증가율이 가시광선에서보다 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2008

Purpose: Skiing and snowboarding are becoming increasingly popular. Accordingly, the incidences of injuries among skiers and snowboarders are also increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury patterns of and the contributing factors to head injuries of skiers and snowboarders and to evaluate the differences in characteristics between skiing and snowboarding head injuries. Methods: One-hundred patients who visited the emergency department of Wonju Christian Hospital between January 2005 and March 2007 due to head injuries from skiing and snowboarding were enrolled. The mechanisms and the histories of the injuries were investigated by surveying the patients, and the degrees of head injuries were estimated by using brain CT and the Glasgow Coma Scale. The degrees and the characteristics of brain injuries were also analyzed and compared between skiers and snowboarders. Results: Out of 100 patients, 39 were injured by skiing, and 61 were injured by snowboarding. The mean age of the skiers was $26.7{\pm}10.0$, and that of the snowboarders was $26.7{\pm}6.2$. The percentage of male skiers was 43.6%, and that of snowboarders was 63.9%. The most frequent initial chief complaints of head-injured skiers and snowboarders were headache and mental change. The most common mechanism of injuries was a slip down. The mean Abbreviated Injury Scale Score (AIS score) of the skier group was $4.5{\pm}2.1$ and that of the snowboarder group was $5.9{\pm}5.0$ (p=0.222). The percentage of helmet users was 7.1% among skiers and 20.8% among snowboarders (p=0.346). Head injuries were composed of cerebral concussion (92.0%) and intracranial hemorrhage (8.0%). Intracranial hemorrhage was most frequently caused by falling down (62.5%). Conclusion: The most common type of head injury to skiers and snowboarders was cerebral concussion, and severe damage was usually caused by jumping and falling down. No differences in the characteristics of the head injuries existed between skiing and snowboarding injuries.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2001

Objective : The authors have studied the clinical outcome of patients with diffuse axonal injuries(DAI) to evaluate the prognostic value of gradient-echo MR imaging findings. Materials and Methods : From March 1995 to March 1998, there were nineteen patients with DAI whose initial Glasgow coma scales were eight or less. Authors divided them into two groups according to Glasgow outcome scales ; those patients with GOS 3 or less(group A ; 9) and those with 4 or more(group B ; 10). We subdivided the lesions as superficial and deep lesion, and analyzed the numbers, anatomical loci of the lesions on the gradient echo images of each group. Results : Mean numbers of the lesions were 15 per case in group A(135/9) and 10 in group B(100/10). The common loci involved in DAI were cerebral cortex, brain stem, and corpus callosum. Cortical lesions were 31.1% in group A(42/135) and 47% in group B(47/100). Brain stem lesions were 25.9%(35/135) and 15%(15/100) each. Callosal lesions were 31.1%(26/135) and 13%(13/100) each. The frequency of callosal and brain stem lesions was significantly different between two groups(p<0.05). We divided callosal lesions as genu, body, and splenium and body lesions as anterior, middle, posterior, but no significant topographical difference of lesions was observed between two groups. Deep lesions were observed more frequently in group A(58.5%, 79/135) than group B(36%, 36/100). Conclusion : The poor outcome group showed more numbers of lesion and more frequent involvement of brain stem and corpus callosum than favorable outcome group. Gradient-echo MR imaging seems to have predictive value for clinical outcome in patients with DAI.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2001

Objective : The prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage often depends on initial neurologic condition, size and location of hemorrhage and associated intraventricular hemorrhage. However, age of patient, coagulation state and other associated vascular diseases may also play a role when present. In recent years, the geriatric population has been increasing. The age distribution of the patients with intracerebral hemorrhages also has been increased, accordingly. However, such patients, especially when associated with poor initial conditions often tend to be managed rather conservatively. The authors analyzed retrospectively on forty-five patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage over the seventies with poor initial condition to find out whether there exists a difference of outcome between surgery and non-surgery group. Material and Method : A total of 45 patients over seventies with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) 4-8 treated over last six years were included. The validity of surgical management for these patients as well as clinical variables which might have been operated on the outcome of these patients were evaluated. The Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) after three months was used for comparison of outcome. Results : In surgical group(19 cases), mean age was 74.5 years old, mean hematoma volume 67.2ml and mean GCS score 5.7 points. In nonsurgical group(26 cases), mean age was 79.3 years old, mean hematoma volume 32.1ml, and mean GCS score 6.8 points. Mortality rate in surgical group was 47.4%(9 patients), including 2 cases of post-operative rebleeding, while that in nonsurgical group was 46.2%. However, when patients with initial GCS 4-6 points and over 30ml in hematoma volume were regrouped, mortality rate in surgical group was 46.2%, whereas mortality rate in nonsurgical group was 66.7%. Conclusion : It is concluded that the mortality rate is much low in surgery group with initial GCS less than 6 points and hematoma volume over 30cc. There was no significant difference of outcome in patients with basal ganglia and thalamic hemorrhage. However, surgical treatment lowered the mortality and morbidity rate in patients with subcortical and cerebellar hemorrhage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.584-590
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• 2017

Objective : Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological films of children under 24 months who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 for TBI. Specifically, we analyzed age, cause of injury, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, radiological diagnosis, seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and we divided outcomes into good (GOS 4-5) or poor (GOS 1-3). We identified the risk factors for post-traumatic seizure (PTS) and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results : The total number of patients was 60, 39 males and 21 females. Most common age group was between 0 to 5 months, and the median age was 6 months. Falls were the most common cause of injury (n=29, 48.3%); among them, 15 were falls from household furniture such as beds and chairs. Ten patients (16.7%) developed PTS, nine in one week; thirty-seven patients (61.7%) had skull fractures. Forty-eight patients had initial GCS scores of 13-15, 8 had scores of 12-8, and 4 had scored 3-7. The diagnoses were as follows : 26 acute subdural hematomas, 8 acute epidural hematomas, 7 focal contusional hemorrhages, 13 subdural hygromas, and 4 traumatic intracerebral hematomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. Among them, two patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal. Four patients were victims of child abuse, and all of them had PTS. Fifty-five patients improved to good-to-moderate disability. Child abuse, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found that the salient risk factor for a poor outcome was initial GCS on admission. Conclusion : The most common cause of traumatic head injury in individuals aged less than 24 months was falls, especially from household furniture. Child abuse, moderate to severe TBI, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS. Most of the patients recovered with good outcomes, and the risk factor for a poor outcome was initial mental status.