• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a effect of core reinforcement ratio to PC wide girder-column joint. Three half scale subassemblies were representing a portion of a protype structure were design, constructed, and tested to failure. From the test result, girder-column width ratio play an important role in the improvement of strength and ductility.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

According to ACI 224.3R-95 (ACI, 2013), construction joints (cold joint) in the column are to be provided at the top of floor slab for column continuing to the next floor and underside of floor slab and beam. A recent study reveals that providing cold joint of the mentioned location significantly reduced the seismic performance of the frame structures. Since, the construction joints in multi-story frame structures normally provided at the top of the floor slabs and at soffit of the beam in the column. This study investigated the effect of construction joint at various location in the column of beam-column joint such as at the top of floor slab, soffit level of the beam, half the depth of beam below the soffit of the beam and at a full depth of the beam below the soffit of the beam. The study revealed that there is an improvement in seismic capacity of the specimens as the location of cold joint is placed away from the soffit of the beam for lower story column.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2010

Currently miniaturized electron-optical columns find their way into electron beam lithography systems. For better lithography process, it is required to make smaller spot size and longer working distance. But, the micro-columns of the multi-beam lithography system suffer from chromatic and spherical aberration, even when the electron beam is exactly on the symmetric axis of the micro-column. The off-axis error of the electron emitting source is expected to become worse with increasing off-axis distance of the focusing spot. Especially the electron beams far from the system optical axis have a non-negligible asymmetric intensity distribution in the micro-column. In this paper, the effect of the off-axis e-beam source is analyzed. To analyze this effect is to introduce a micro-column model of which the e-beam emitting source is aligned with the center of the electron beam by shifting them perpendicular to the system optical axis. The presented solution can be used to analysis the performance of the multi-electron-beam system. The performance parameters, such as the working distances and the focusing position are obtained by the computational simulations as a function of the off-axis distance of the emitting source.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

Floor location of adjacent buildings may be different in terms of height elevation, and thus, the slab may hit on the columns of adjacent insufficiently separated buildings during severe ground motions. Such impacts, often referred to as mid-column pounding, can be catastrophic. Substantial pounding damage or even total collapse of structures was often observed in large amount of adjacent low rise buildings. The research on the mid-column pounding between low rise buildings is in urgency need. In present study, the responses of two adjacent low rise buildings with unequal heights and different dynamic properties have been analyzed. Parametric studies have also been conducted to assess the influence of story height difference, gap distance and input direction of ground motion on the effect of structural pounding response. Another emphasis of this study is to analyze the near-fault effect, which is important for the structures located in the near-fault area. The analysis results show that collisions exhibit significant influence on the local shear force response of the column suffering impact. Because of asymmetric configuration of systems, the structural seismic behavior is distinct by varying the incident directions of the ground motions. Results also show that near-fault earthquakes induced ground motions can cause more significant effect on the pounding responses.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.329-342
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• 2019

In this paper, the effect of a group of sand columns in the loose soil bed using triaxial tests was studied. To investigate the effect of geotextile reinforcement type on the bearing capacity of these sand columns, Vertical encased sand columns (VESCs) and horizontally reinforced sand columns (HRSCs) were used. Number of sixteen independent triaxial tests and finite element simulation were performed on specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm. Specimens were reinforced by either a single sand column or three sand columns with the same area replacement ratio (16%) to evaluate the Influence of the column arrangement. Effect the number of sand columns, the length of vertical encasement and the number of horizontal reinforcing layers were investigated, in terms of bearing capacity improvement and economy. The results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity of the samples with three ordinary sand columns (OSCs) is eventually about 11% more than samples with an OSC. Also, comparison of the column reinforcing modes showed that four horizontal layers of geotextile achieved similar performance to a vertical encasement geotextile at the 50% of the column height, from the viewpoint of strength improvement, while from the viewpoint of economy, the geotextile needed for encasing the single column is around 2.5 times of the geotextile required for four layers.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.291-294
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• 2008

A ICH-CFT colunn(internally confined hollow-concrete filled tube column) has many advantages compare with R.C column and CFT column. For example using a hollow section, it is possible to save material and to reduce self weight of column. Also two steel tubes on both sid of concrete, inner and outter tube, can improve ductility of ICH-CFT column. But study about ICH-CFT section has done only theoretically. Thus although ICH-CFT column has many advantages, ICH-CFT column dosen't use in construction. In this thesis, through out 3-D full modeling using ABAQUS analyze the nonlinear behavaior of ICH-CFT column. And using the analysis result, review the theoretical knowledge.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권4A호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2012

최근 기둥의 구속효과에 대한 연구가 많이 연구되어지고 있다. 주로 철근 콘크리트 기둥과 CFT(Concrete Filled Tube)기둥과 같이 중실 기둥에 대한 연구로 한정되어 있는 반면 중공 기둥에 대한 구속효과 연구가 매우 미비한 실정이다. 중공 기둥의 외부 구속력에 대한 연구가 주로 연구되고 있고 내부 구속력을 외부 구속력과 동일하게 가정하고 구속 콘크리트의 구속효과를 평가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중공 CFT 기둥에 내부 튜브를 삽입하여 구속 콘크리트 3축 구속 상태로 놓이게 하여 연성 및 강도를 상승 시킨 내부 구속 중공 CFT 기둥(Internally Confined Hollow CFT, ICH CFT)의 최적 구속메커니즘을 도출하기 위한 연구를 하였다. 내부튜브 두께, 중공비, 기둥의 직경, 콘크리트와 외부튜브의 휨강성비를 매개변수로 삼아 범용 FEM 프로그램으로 비선형 해석 연구를 수행하여 최적 내부 구속력 도출을 통하여 수정 파괴 조건식을 제안하였다. 수정 파괴 조건식은 최적 내부 튜브의 두께를 산정하여 기둥이 경제성을 확보하도록 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2009

The seismic induced interaction between multistory structures with unequal story heights (inter-story pounding) is studied taking into account the local response of the exterior beam-column joints. Although several parameters that influence the structural pounding have been studied sofar, the role of the joints local inelastic behaviour has not been yet investigated in the literature as key parameter for the pounding problem. Moreover, the influence of the infill panels as an additional parameter for the local damage effect of the joints on the inter-story pounding phenomenon is examined. Thirty six interaction cases between a multistory frame structure and an adjacent shorter and stiffer structure are studied for two different seismic excitations. The results are focused: (a) on the local response of the critical external column of the multistory structure that suffers the hit from the slab of the adjacent shorter structure, and (b) on the local response of the exterior beam-column joints of the multistory structure. Results of this investigation demonstrate that the possible local inelastic response of the exterior joints may be in some cases beneficial for the seismic behaviour of the critical column that suffers the impact. However, in all the examined cases the developing demands for deformation of the exterior joints are substantially increased and severe damages can be observed due to the pounding effect. The presence of the masonry infill panels has also been proved as an important parameter for the response of the exterior beam-column joints and thus for the safety of the building. Nevertheless, in all the examined inter-story pounding cases the presence of the infills was not enough for the total amelioration of the excessive demands for shear and ductility of the column that suffers the impact.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

CIT 기둥의 장기거동에 관한 기존의 연구과 실험자료에 의하면 크리프 및 건조수축계수는 외부 강관의 구속효과에 의하여 철근콘크리트 기둥보다 작은 값을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 불확실성이 큰 콘크리트 강도와 특정크리프값과 작용하중을 매개변수로 하여 37층 건물의 CFT 기둥에 대한 확률론적 해석을 수행하였으며 매개변수의 특성을 분석하고 CFT 기둥의 축소량 해석값의 예측범위를 정량화하였다. 본 논문에서는 CFT 기둥축소량의 확률론적 해석을 위한 몬테카를로 (Monte Carlo) 기법을 소개하며 다중매개변수를 동시에 적용하여 매개변수의 변동에 따른 축소량의 영향을 분석하고 신뢰지수별 변동폭을 산정하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the inelastic behavior of hollow reinforced concrete bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction and to provide the details and reference data. Among the numerous parameters, this study concentrates on the shape of the section, the reinforcement details, the diameter of the transverse reinforcement and loading types. Eighteen column section specimens were tested under quasi-static monotonic loading. In this study, the computer program RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology) was used. A modified lateral confining effect model was adopted for the hollow bridge column sections. This study documents the testing of hollow reinforced concrete bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction and presents conclusions based on the experimental and analytical findings.