• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.665-674
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• 2014

An analysis of the components of clay mineral before and after coloration (XRF) showed that the elements involved in coloration are Fe, Cr, and Ni. Fe accounts for 65% of coloring components on dyed fabric; in addition, Cr and Ni also affect coloring. The optimal coloration condition was to repeat the process of immersing the cotton fabric in $80^{\circ}C$ slurry of 8g of clay mineral to 1g cotton for 60 minutes, dry it for 24 hours and rinse three times. Especially, as the repetition of coloration increased, the $(K/S)_{440}$ value of sample A increased from 1.0 to 2.5, and sample B increased from 1.0 to 1.6. The effect of the repeated process on coloration was significant; consequently, the rinsing and drying process were important to decrease the coloration level. It also showed excellent results in regard to color fastness to washing, light, rubbing, perspiration, and antibiotic effect.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.757-761
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• 2010

본 연구는 단감 '부유'를 대상으로 에테폰 처리 농도에 따른 과실의 비대 및 착색 효과를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 에테폰 처리 7주 후 수확한 과실에서 과중, 과경은 80과 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리구에서 유의하게 무겁고 길었다. 그리고 과피 경도는 그 농도에서 유의하게 낮았는데, 과피 경도의 감소 폭은 처리 후 초기에는 $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이상 처리구에서, 이후에는 $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이상 처리구에서 컸다. 과피의 Hunter a값 및 Chroma 값은 무처리구에 비해 $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이상의 처리구에서 유의하게 높았지만, 그 농도 간에는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Chroma 값의 증가폭은 처리 후 초기에는 $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 이상 처리에서 뚜렷하게 컸으나, 이후부터는 20이나 $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리에서 컸다. 과실의 베타카로틴 및 라이코펜 함량은 $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$이상의 처리구에 유의하게 높았다. 특히, 처리 7주 후 무처리구에서 수확한 과실과 비교하여 20이나 $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리는 과실 비대의 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, $40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리는 착색 정도를 2주 정도 촉진시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate hull colorant as a natural hair coloring dye. The extract of pomegranate hull was concentrated and freeze-dried to get colorant powder. Effect of dyeing condition and mordanting on the dye uptake of hair by using Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Sn compounds, color change and colorfastness were explored. In addition, tensile strength was measured and the surface of the hair was observed. Dye uptake of hair measured by K/S value (400 nm) indicated that ionic bonding seems to be involved in the sorption of pomegranate colorant to hair. Maximum sorption was obtained at pH 3.5 and the concentration of 50% (on the weight of hair, o.w.h.). Acidic dyeing condition (pH $3.5{\sim}5.0$) showed yellow color however alkaline dyeing condition (pH $7{\sim}11$) gave reddish yellow color. Pomegranate hull colorant produced greyish brown color on hair and the hair mordanted with Fe showed dark brown color. Mordants except Fe did not increase dye uptake significantly. Mordants except Cu increased light fastness and mordants except Cr increased washing fastness level slightly. According to SEM observation and the tensile strength retention measurement, the mordant dyed hair gave more damage to hair by ultraviolet light and washing than the hair dyed without mordanting. Experimental results of K/S value and colorfastness(light and washing) supported that pomegranate hull colorant without mordanting can be used as a semi-permanent natural hair coloring dye.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.601-612
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• 2015

This research investigated the dyeing behavior of palmatine (a major coloring compound of Phellodendron bark in addition to berberine) using mercerization (M), tannic acid (T), mercerization-tannic acid (MT), and tannic acid -mercerization (TM) pretreatments. Mercerization was conducted using $20^{\circ}C$ of 20% NaOH for 5 minutes. Tannic acid treatment was conducted using 15% o.w.f. solution of tannic acid at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes and fixed with potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate. Dyeing was conducted using 1% o.w.f. palmatine chloride hydrate with 1:100 liquor ratio at $10-95^{\circ}C$ for 10-60 minutes in a dyebath of pH 3-9. MT method resulted in the highest dye uptake and was two times higher than the average dye uptake of T method. MT method provided the best result when the dyeing temperature was $80^{\circ}C$ or $95^{\circ}C$ and the dyeing time was 60 minutes. The pH of the dyebath had less effect on the dye uptake but a pH higher than 5 provided better results. The study confirmed that palmatine is a major coloring compound of Phellodendron bark and that the MT method can be used as a successful cotton dyeing method.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

Electrochromic (EC) device is an element whose transmittance is changed by electrical energy. Coloring and decoloring states can be easily controlled and thus used in buildings and automobiles for energy saving. There exist several types of EC devices; EC using electrolytes, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), and suspended particle device (SPD) using polarized molecules. However, these devices involve solutions such as electrolytes and liquid crystals, limiting their applications in high temperature environments. In this study, we have studied all-solid-state EC device based on Tin(IV) oxide (SnO₂). A coloring phase is achieved when electrons are accumulated in the ultraviolet (UV)-treated SnO₂ layer, whereas a decoloring mode is obtained when electrons are empty there. The UV treatment of SnO₂ layer brings in a number of localized states in the bandgap, which traps electrons near the conduction band. The SnO₂-based EC device shows a transmittance of 70.7% in the decoloring mode and 41% in the coloring mode at a voltage of 2.5 V. We have achieved a transmittance change as large as 29.7% at the wavelength of 550 nm. It also exhibits fast and stable driving characteristics, which have been demonstrated by the cyclic experiments of coloration and decoloration. It has also showed the memory effects induced by the insulating layer of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and silicone (Si).

• 대한화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.445-448
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• 1977

단백질 분해효소인 ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin이 식품발색제의 존재하에 어떻게 oligopeptide에 작용하여 분해하는가를 알기 위하여 본 실험을 실시하였다. 1. Oligopeptide인 Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-D-Ala(8-D-Ala${\cdot}$angiotensin II)의 융점은 210 ~ $212^{\circ}C$, 분자식은 $C_{44}H_{67}N_{13}O_{12}{\cdot}2CH_3COOH{\cdot}H_2O$, 분자량은 970.08이었다. 2. 산으로 가수분해 하였을 때 몰 비율은 Asp : 1.01, Arg : 1.03, Val : 1.00, Tyr :40.94, Ile : 1.00, His : 1.05, Pro : 1.04, D-Ala : 1.03이였다. 3. (8-D-Ala)angiotensin II의 oligopeptide에 ${\alpha}$-Chymotrypsin의 작용은 Tyr-Ile 결합에만 분해작용을 하였다. 4. 식품착색제의 첨가는 paper chromatogram 방법에 의해서 추정할때 oligopeptide, (8-D-Ala) angiotensin II에 대한 ${\alpha}$-Chymotrypsin의 저해작용에 아무런 영향을 끼치지 않았음을 볼 수 있다.

• 대한치과재료학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 착색액 침지 횟수와 소결온도가 지르코니아 세라믹의 굴곡강도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 투명도가 향상된 지르코니아 블록을 이용하여 $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}1.5mm$ 크기의 시편을 제작하였다. 제작된 지르코니아세라믹 시편을 0, 2, 그리고 4회로 구분하여 착색 용액에 침지하여 색조를 부여하였다. 그 다음, $1,450^{\circ}C$와 $1,600^{\circ}C$로 최종 소결 후, 만능시험기를 이용해서 굴곡강도를 측정하였다 (전체 6개 그룹, 각 그룹 n=10). 미세조직 관찰은 전방전계주사현미경(SEM)을 사용하였고, 실험을 통해 획득된 자료는 Two-away ANOVA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 굴곡강도 분석결과 EKL2 군에서 $762.3{\pm}42.3MPa$로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 대조적으로, EKH4 군에서는 $516.4{\pm}77.1MPa$로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. Two-way ANOVA의 결과에 따르면, 굴곡강도는 소결온도와 착색액 침지 횟수 사이에 상호 작용이 없는 것으로 나타났다($R^2=0.737$). 또한, 굴곡강도 결과 값에 관련하여, 소결온도에서 통계학적 유의차 가 나타났다 (P<0.001). 투명도가 향상된 지르코니아 세라믹의 굴곡강도는 소결온도에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 착색액 침지 횟수는 투명도가 향상된 지르코니아 세라믹의 굴곡강도에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 $1,040^{\circ}C$에서 예비소결한 Y-TZP 시편을 크롬 염화물 0.03~0.08 wt%, 테르븀 염화물 0.03~0.07wt%를 함유한 금속염화물 수용액에 3분간 침지하고서 $1,450^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 소결하였으며, 이를 금속염화물 침투가 Y-TZP 소결체의 색상, 소결밀도, 굴곡강도 및 미세조직의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 지르코니아 예비소결체에 대한 크롬과 테르븀 염화물 침투로 A1, A2 및 A3에 근사한 색조의 재현이 가능하였다. 크롬과 테르븀 염화물을 첨가했을 때 지르코니아의 결정립 크기가 증가하였다. Y-TZP 소결체의 2축 굴곡강도는 크롬과 테르븀 염화물 침투에 의해서 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). X-선 회절 분석결과, 크롬과 테르븀 염화물의 첨가 여부와 함량에 따른 지르코니아 결정상의 차이점은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 크롬과 테르븀 염화물을 사용하여 지르코니아의 색상을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 착색된 지르코니아의 색상은 Vita shade guide의 색상과 다소 차이가 있었지만 임상에서 이중구조 세라믹 보철물 재작 시 사용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2008년도 제38차 학술발표대회
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• pp.105-107
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• 2008

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on hair were investigated to study its efficay of natural hair coloring dye. Effect of dyeing condition and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. In addition, tensile strength retention is measured and the surface of the hair was observed by SEM. The water extracted pomegranate hull was concentrated and freeze-dried for preparing colorant powders. It was considered that ionic bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants to hair. Pomegranate hull colorants produced greyish brown colors on hair and the hair mordanted with Fe showed dark brown color. Mordant except Fe did not significantly increased dye uptake. Mordant except Cu increased light fastness, mordant except Cr increased washing fastness. SEM to observe the hair is damaged by ultraviolet light and cleaning. This is consistent with the results of tensile strength retention. From the results of colorfastness th washing and light, it was concluded that colorants from pomegranate hull can be need as a semi-permanent natural hair coloring dye.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1279-1280
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• 2008

A serious problem of the 21st century is the supply of energy resources. Reserves of fossil fuels are facing depletion: renewable energy resources must be developed in this era. Dye sensitized solar cells(DSC) have been very economical and easy method to convert solar energy to electricity. DSC can reach low costs in future outdoor power applications. However, to commercialize the DSC, there are still many shortages to overcome. When the DSC is commercialized in the near future, the productivity is an important factor. In the process of soaking in a dye, it usually takes 12${\sim}$24 hours. In this study, we varied the dye coloring temperature from 0$^{\circ}C$ to 60$^{\circ}C$. At the temperature of 40$^{\circ}C$, DSC cell showed the best performance. We also conducted the time variant experiment to reduce the manufacturing time. Counter electrode surface of DSC is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under the conditions of Ar $2.8{\times}10^{-3}torr$, RF power of 120W and substrate temperature of 100$^{\circ}C$.