• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.284-298
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• 2007

Due to consumers' preferences for seeking a quality life and having more leisure time, comfortableness became a major criteria for selecting clothes for all age groups. This is why consumers' interests in knitwear increased recently. The purpose of this study is to analyze the knitwear consumption patterns such as style preferences, and consumer satisfaction with knitwear. Particularly, differences in age groups of consumers were analyzed. Data from 463 men and women participated in the study. Results indicated that consumers wear knits once or twice a week in average. After two to three years of consumption, they discard the knitwear. Among various apparel product categories, Consumers selected Cardigan to be the preferable knitwear product category. They preferred 100% cotton and achromatic or gray/brown color with solid fabrics. In general, consumers were most satisfied with colors and least satisfied with laundering of knitwear. Older consumers preferred knitwear to woven products, preferred pull-over style and valued feelings of softness and comfortableness when wearing knitwear. There were more differences in dissatisfaction factors than satisfaction factors according to the consumer age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1470-1478
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• 2010

This study investigates the suitability of outdoor wear among female trekkers in their twenties or thirties and provides data for developing outdoor wear more suitable for young females. Recently climbing has gained popularity as a leisure activity to enjoy the beauty of nature that increases physical and mental stamina. A survey was conducted on 304 female consumers in their twenties and thirties who enjoyed climbing in order to investigate the suitability of outdoor wear among young female consumers. The questionnaire covered the subjects' demographic information, duration and goal of climbing, purchase and suitability of outdoor wear, and preferred design for outdoor wear. As for the yearly situations, when they utilized outdoor wear, the biggest number of respondents chose "autumn" as the season for climbing. Most of the respondents were non-professional trekkers who enjoyed climbing as a hobby or for health. As for the size, the upper garment was 90 and 85 in the order, and the lower garment was 70 and 67 in the order. The pants were the most common item they owned, followed by round T-shirts, windbreaker jackets, zipup T-shirts, and waterproof jackets. They mentioned moisture absorption and dry fabric breathability as the basic functions required of outdoor wear. The subjects displayed a preference for partial details under the design category. They most preferred the hood-type jacket with a detachable stand collar, the sleeve hem with a partial rubber band and velcro strap, a T-shirt with a stand color and zipper, the waist fit with proper room, pants with a partial rubber band waist, and straight silhouette pants.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2024

Attributes such as material, color, and fit in fashion images are important factors for consumers to purchase clothing. However, the process of classifying clothing attributes requires a large amount of manpower and is inconsistent because it relies on the subjective judgment of human operators. To alleviate this problem, there is a need for research that utilizes artificial intelligence to classify clothing attributes in fashion images. Previous studies have mainly focused on classifying clothing attributes for either tops or bottoms, so there is a limitation that the attributes of both tops and bottoms cannot be identified simultaneously in the case of full-body fashion images. In this study, we propose a deep learning model that can distinguish between tops and bottoms in fashion images and classify the category of each item and the attributes of the clothing material. The deep learning models ResNet and EfficientNet were used in this study, and the dataset used for training was 1,002,718 fashion images and 125 labels including clothing categories and material properties. Based on the weighted F1-Score, ResNet is 0.800 and EfficientNet is 0.781, with ResNet showing better performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.816-822
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• 2016

Content-Based image retrieval is a method to search by image features such as local color, texture, and other image content information, which is different from conventional tag or labeled text-based searching. In real life data, the number of images having tags or labels is relatively small, so it is hard to search the relevant images with text-based approach. Existing image search method only based on image feature similarity has limited performance and does not ensure that the results are what the user expected. In this study, we propose and validate a machine learning based approach to improve the performance of the image search engine. We note that when users search relevant images with a query image, they would expect the retrieved images belong to the same category as that of the query. Image classification method is combined with the traditional image feature similarity method. The proposed method is extensively validated on a public PASCAL VOC dataset consisting of 11,530 images from 20 categories.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

Dutch artist, Theo van Doesburg had shown short but strong experimental aesthetics in his works through De Stijl movement. He played a leading role for editing De Stijl magazine and performed various formative works such as painting, sculpture, and architecture. In 1923 he opened the first De Stijl exhibition cooperated with Cornelis van Eesteren. In this architecture exhibition he showed rich formal spirits of counter-construction in his major design works, that is Maison Particuliere and Maison D'artiste among three houses projects. Formal characteristics of counter-construction can be summed up under two categories, time and space. Analytical results are as follows; First, the characteristics of counter-construction related to time category include two types of two mode. One is linear aspect of time based on the viewer's movement. The other aspect is simultaneity caused by synoptical effect. These could be proved by the analysis of arrangement of color planes. Secondly, the spatial aspects of counter-construction are produced through two different ways of formal strategies. Van Doesburg arranged cubes in very irregular pattern. This treatment induces ambiguous void and creates feeling of subject's space. And, through deleting, shifting, and extending he could make dynamic spatial effect by interpenetration between in and out. This fluid space thus introduces movements of one's gaze and circulation. He denied traditional classical values which had ruled the western aesthetical discipline for centuries and believed that mankind can reach the realm of universal equilibrium by contrast and tension created by counter-construction. In this vein Theo van Doesburg was an avant-garde artist of Hegelian thoughts who adopted the dialectical method without following the formal characteristics from ancestors.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between five viscera, environmental and seasonal changes, and their preference for five colors. Methods: The survey performed using the Chinese medicine constitution and the five cardinal colors (Red, Blue, Yellow, White, Black) paper. Results: The blood types distributions were A, O, B, AB, and others in order. The proportion of smokers(75.6%) and non-drinkers(25.6%). Their color preferences were highest in blue and the lowest in black, but not significant. The proportion of the viscera was stomach(45.3%), liver-lung, intestine, and heart, and the tastes were spicy(48.8%), sweet, sour, salty, and bitter in order. Blue was the highest in all. kidneys(8.3%) preferred red and bitter yellow. The change in mind(35.7%) was highest, followed by scary thoughts and their color preferences varied. The most preferred place was 'cold place,' and 'dry place' was low. The most preferred seasons were 'autumn (38.6%), and the lowest was rainy. And their colors preference were blue. The respondents(89.9%) were normal, 5.7% hypertension and 4.4% hypotension. Healthy people preferred blue (91.8%) and hypertensives yellow with not significant. The diabetics preferred blue and red(p<.04). Conclusions: In the questionnaire survey on the health and physical abnormalities of Seoul citizens, various distributions found in each category, and most of them preferred blue. The results indicated that the questionnaire and the five- colored preference were a little interrelated. However, the results are to be primary data for research in this field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to assess the external and internal quality traits of eggs in wholesale egg market in Colombo, Sri Lanka and the effect of storage period in egg quality traits in the same market after receiving the eggs. First, a total of 482 fresh eggs were randomly collected from the above market and external egg quality traits were determined and recorded according to the definitions given in the Specification for Chicken Egg SLS 959:1992. After that, a total of 288 fresh eggs were randomly collected and various external and internal egg quality traits were measured and recorded according to the standard procedures over a storage period of 1, 3 and 5 d after receiving the fresh eggs to the wholesale market. Information about the shops was also collected using a pretested questionnaire. Using the recorded data, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index were calculated for each egg. Average weight, width, length and shape index of the eggs in the sample was 59.96 g, 4.33 cm, 5.78 cm and 75.03, respectively. Average shape index value was much closer to the standard value of 74. From the total sample 80.5% eggs had a normal and sound shape. However only 60.37% of the eggs are in the desirable quality range specified in SLS 959:1992, when the overall shell quality of the sample is considered based on shell cleanliness, defects and shape. The results of the current study indicated that eggs had significant (p<0.05) deterioration of all internal quality parameters tested with increasing storage time. However the effect was not significant (p>0.05) between the storage periods of 3 and 5 d after receiving eggs except for yolk color and yolk height. Desirable category of eggs had reduced and rejections had increased with the storage period. Main problems associated with the particular market were less space availability, higher percentages of dirty eggs, unavailability of proper packaging materials, no standard packaging system for eggs, and not implementing a standard grading system for eggs. Therefore the results of this study suggest that proper egg handling and storage conditions such as low temperature storage may be implemented to increase the proportion of desirable quality eggs in the above market.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

'Naturalness' is the important "ness" which is a key factor in image quality assessment. 'Naturalness' is a representive factor depending on the context of the image which arouses different emotions. The Image Quality Circle was split into two steps. The first step is predicting the visual perceptual attribute which are lightness, colourfulness, hue and contrast. The next step is SSE which is dependent to image contents. In this study the image contents are grouped in genres. The images were rendered using four different colour attributes which are lightness, contrast, colourfulness and hue. Using a scale, the score of image quality and SSE was asked to each participant for all rendered images. A seven-point category scale of increasing amount of "ness" is used as a quantitative adjectives sequence. The image quality model was built by combining the SSEs for each scene. The SSEs, where vividness is common, are considered as independent variables to predict the image quality score. Then the vividness model was built using colour attributes as variables to predict the vividness of each scene (genre). Vividness is an important factor of naturalness which the meaning is different for all scenes that links the naturalness and image quality. The vividness meaning was different for each scene (genre). Therefore, the colour attributes that express the vividness would depend on the image content.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 2023

A large amount of floating debris from land-based sources during heavy rainfall has negative social, economic, and environmental impacts, but there is a lack of monitoring systems for floating debris accumulation areas and amounts. With the recent development of artificial intelligence technology, there is a need to quickly and efficiently study large areas of water systems using drone imagery and deep learning-based object detection models. In this study, we acquired various images as well as drone images and trained with You Only Look Once (YOLO)v5s and the recently developed YOLO7 and YOLOv8s to compare the performance of each model to propose an efficient detection technique for land-based floating debris. The qualitative performance evaluation of each model showed that all three models are good at detecting floating debris under normal circumstances, but the YOLOv8s model missed or duplicated objects when the image was overexposed or the water surface was highly reflective of sunlight. The quantitative performance evaluation showed that YOLOv7 had the best performance with a mean Average Precision (intersection over union, IoU 0.5) of 0.940, which was better than YOLOv5s (0.922) and YOLOv8s (0.922). As a result of generating distortion in the color and high-frequency components to compare the performance of models according to data quality, the performance degradation of the YOLOv8s model was the most obvious, and the YOLOv7 model showed the lowest performance degradation. This study confirms that the YOLOv7 model is more robust than the YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s models in detecting land-based floating debris. The deep learning-based floating debris detection technique proposed in this study can identify the spatial distribution of floating debris by category, which can contribute to the planning of future cleanup work.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.127-142
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• 2005

Not only in Korea but throughout the entire world millions of people are in contact with images. Images have become a medium through which to transmit anything from simple visualizations of moving images to knowledge and information. The age of the internet has arisen thanks to scientific development, and the internet generation's acquisition of information is continuously becoming faster. The spectators, ufo must choose amongst the excessive amount of available information, are changing along with it just as quickly. The method of visual transmission has changed to match the demands of the fast-changing pace of the new generation. In order to receive an instantaneous selection amongst much information, the primary requisite is attracting one's attention, and then presenting a corresponding feeling of satisfaction. The early stages of film arose from the desire to capture one's actual situation as it realty is. Unsatisfied with the still picture, people developed the motion picture. Research has succeeded in reproducing 3-dimensional images more realistic than the actual image we perceive as a result of the difference in visual perspective of both eyes and their response to rays of light From color film to 3-dimensional pictures, people enjoy the magnificent results of this. All fields within the category of film are continuously studying the human desire to pursue their visual side, namely the pursuit of visual images with a maximum sense of reality. The images that millions of people around the world see now are flat. The screen's depth and optical illusions effectively give a sense of reality while conveying information. However, although the flat screen is able to create a sense of depth using the different visual perspective of each eye for the realization of a cubic effect, there are limitations. Entering the 21s1 century, there is a quickly-arising branch within the field of image media which seeks to overcome these limitations Although 3-dimensional images began in films, entering the latter half of the 20th century, due to development of 3-dimensional images using the mediums of the animation field, cellular phones, advertisement screens, television etc., without restriction is designated as 'image.'. With research having started around 1900 and continuing for over 100 years, we are now able to witness the popularization of 3-dimensional films happening before our very eyes. Within our own country, we can frequently see them at amusement parks and museums. In the future, through the popularization of HDTV etc., there is a good outlook for practical use of 3-dimensional images in televisions with advanced picture qualify as well as in other areas. Together with the international current, research on 3-dimensional films has been activated in Korea and is rising as a main current in the film industry. Within this context, the contents and understanding of 3-dimensional images must keep in step with the pace of technical advancements. In order to accelerate of development of film contents to keep in pace with technical developments, this dissertation presents the techniques and technical aspects of future developments, and shows the need to prepare in advance to make the field grow- and thereby avoid having a lack of experts and being conquered by other nations in the field - rather than only advancing the technical aspects and importing the contents. This dissertation aims to stimulate interest and continual research by progressive-thinking people related to the film industry. Part II looks into the definition and types of 3-dimensional motion pictures, the terminology, the fundamentals of image formation, current market fluctuations, and looks into 3-dimensional techniques which can be borrowed and introduced in 3-dimensional animations. Part III concerns 3-dimensional animated films. It analyzes 3-dimensional production techniques while using the introduction of specific animation techniques in the 2004 production Lee Sun Shin and Nelson - Naval Heroes 3-dimensional animation produced in 2004 by Clay & Puppet Stop-Motion Animation & Computer Graphic. Original Korean title: 해전영웅 이순신과 넬슨. as an example, and it also looks into how current film techniques used in animations can be applied in 3-dimensional films. Additionally, the actual stages of the various fields of 3-dimensional animations are presented. Given the current direction and advancement of 3-dimensional films making use of animations and the possible realization of this field, the author plans to weigh the development of this yet unexploited new market Not looking at the current progress of the field, but rather the direction of the hypothetical types of animation techniques, the author predicts the marketability and possibility of development of each area.