• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2020

Recently, the on-chip autofocus (AF) function has become essential to the CMOS image sensor. An auto-focus usually operates using phase detection of the photocurrent difference from a pair of AF pixels that have focused or defocused. However, the phase-detection method requires a pair of AF pixels for comparison of readout. Therefore, the pixel variation may reduce AF performance. In this paper, we propose a color-selective AF pixel with a plasmonic nanostructure in a 0.9 μ㎡ pixel. The suggested AF pixel requires one pixel for AF function. The plasmonic nanostructure uses metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack arrays instead of a color filter (CF). The color filters are formed at the subwavelength, and they transmit the specific wavelength of light according to the stack period and incident angles. For the optical analysis of the pixel, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation was conducted. The analysis showed that the MIM stack arrays in the pixels perform as an AF pixel. As the primary metric of AF performance, the resulting AF contrasts are 1.8 for the red pixels, 1.6 for green, and 1.5 blue. Based on the simulation results, we confirmed the autofocusing performance of the MIM stack arrays.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

색감정 형용사쌍을 이용하여 단색과 두가지 색을 조합한 배색에서 느낀 감정을 조사를 하였다. 열 개의 색감정형용사쌍을 이용해서 5개의 단색 컬러패치와 두가지 색을 조합한 10개의 배색 컬러패치의 색감정을 측정했다. 20명의 참가자들이 관측 실험에 참가했으며 같은 실험을 영어와 한국어로 진행했다. 실험 결과, 영어와 한국어의 색감정관계에서 언어의 차이는 크지 않았다. 두가지 색을 배색했을 때의 색감정은 각각의 단색을 평균했을 때의 색감정으로 대체적으로 만족스럽게 예측할 수 있었다. 그러나 몇몇의 경우에서 두가지 색이 배색되었을 때의 색감정이 하나의 단색의 색감정보다 강하게 나타난 경우가 발견되었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제24권3_4호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1980

Color transition mechanism of shikonin as an acid-alkali indicator was studied. It was confirmed that the presence of phenolic hydroxy radical was essential for the color change of shikonin. But in accordance with shikonin sodium salt (blue color), which was presumed to make chelation as six membered rings. Shikonin in alkaline solution, by dissociated phenolic protons of naphthoquinone nucleous, converted to the corresponding anion and instead of disappearance tautomerization, electron delocalization occurred and an additional pair of nonbonding electrons in the anion was available for interaction with .phi. electron system of the ring with further extension of the conjugation. It was responsible for its blue color(corresponding color: orange) with needs less energy difference (${\phi}{\rarw}{\phi}^{*}$) because of conjugation extension. Shikonin sodium salt seems to have similar nuclear structure as shikonin anion.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

This research investigated the effect of individual yarn colors on the perception of overall colors of yarn-dyed woven fabrics. The way the colors of yarn-dyed woven fabrics are perceived is known as visual color mixing: when the different colored yarns juxtaposed on the fabric surface are observed from some distance away, they are visually mixed in our eyes and perceived as a solid color. However, we can still see individual yarn colors that make the fabrics look obviously different from actual solid colors. To quantify this visual color mixing effect, twenty-one sateen fabrics were produced in a wide range of colors using cyan, magenta, and yellow yarns, and the colors were measured instrumentally. The obtained colorimetric values were converted into solid color images on a CRT monitor. Then, the physical fabrics were scanned, and the scanned images were displayed on the monitor with solid color images in pairs for visual color difference evaluation. The woven and solid colors in each pair were of physically identical color; however, the visual color difference was as large as $4.81{\Delta}{E^*}_{ab}$ on average. A visual color difference model was proposed by considering this parametric effect of individual yarn colors.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

본 논문은 LBG 알고리즘을 이용하여 다양한 조명에 노출된 의상들의 색상 유사성을 안정적으로 판단하는 방법을 제안한다. 색상 유사성 판별을 위하여 기존에 대표적으로 사용되어왔던 히스토그램 인터섹션이나 누적 히스토그램 방법은 조명 변화에 민감하게 반응하여, 동일한 의상 색상이라 할지라도 서로 다른 조명환경에서는 서로 상이한 색상 판별 결과를 나타낸다. 본 논문에서는 조명에 의한 영향을 줄이고 색상 자체의 분포 특성을 분석하기 위하여 조명조건의 변화에도 일관된 특성을 유지하는 색조와 채도 컬러 성분에 대한 분포 특성을 분석한다. 색조와 채도에 의해 정의되는 2차원 공간에서 각 의상 영상에 대한 색상 분포를 분석하기 위하여 LBG 알고리즘에 의한 비모수적 클러스터링 기법을 적용하고, 클러스터링 결과 얻어진 두 영상의 클러스터 사이의 평균 유클리디안 거리 값을 계산하여 이를 색상 유사성을 판단하는 유사 값으로 정의한다. 제안 기법의 안정성을 입증하기 위하여 서로 다른 조명 환경에서 촬영된 12벌의 의상에 대하여 기존 히스토그램 분석 기법을 기반으로 한 색상 유사성 판별 결과와 제안 기법의 적용 결과를 비교하였다. 실험 결과 제안기법은 동일한 의상 쌍과 상이한 의상 쌍에 대하여 구분을 지을 수 있는 객관적 기준 정의가 용이하였고, 기준에 따른 의상의 동일성 판별 실험에서 91.6%의 판별 성공률을 얻었다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

Advertising signboards are designed for the visibility to affects recall and recognition of costumers. It is well know that the visibility from images is created by the value difference among colors. The research defines whether the background color combination of outdoor signboards is configured to maximize visibility, by a series of color value variation in complex commercial facilities. The subject of study is to examine how the visibility is made by the color combination since visibility cannot be obtained independently. Two steps of analysis were performed to confirm that the color composition of signboards was based on the color value difference. The first is to analyze that the entire colors of signboards are clearly categorized as different value groups. All components of colors, hue, value and chroma had been analyzed by color aesthetic measures to prove that the value variation has the only regularity and the principle of composition. The second step is a further verification with an ample amount of samples to determine whether series of signboards create a value altering pattern. The data for analysis is gained by colorimetric survey and the color data are used for exponentializing the degree of combining, which shows selective affinity between each pair colors.

• 복식
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• 제24권
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• pp.205-216
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• 1995

In this study, an experiment was made using the function of comfuter simulation as to whether the phenomenon of color optical il-lusion takes place also in clothing on the humanbody, three-dimensional space, through the case study of the color illusing of Goethe Value. One fat woman was slected as the exper-imental subject. She was made to wear the ex-perimental clothing, and then frontal picture was projected of in the experimental clothing, which was sacanned into the computer. For the sake of color illusion effect, construct 5 clothing design line and Yellow(9), Black(0), Red(6), Green(6). The basic design and the experimental de-sign were made one pair, and the pictures totalled 20 pictures. The extimating panel con-sist of 25 panellers and extimate factors of 9-point Scale. All the date from the experiment were analyzed by ANOVA and DUNCAN'S MUL-TIPLE RANGE. As a result, the experimental design all showed a significant optical illusion without C group in comparision with the basic design.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2024

The aim of this article is to consider the sequences generated by repeatedly performing matrix multiplication operations, define the stable, amicable pair, sociable matrix sequences, and analyze the results obtained through iteration. Lastly, numbers are changed to colors to make them easier to understand.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2022

Three species belonging to the genus Trapania Pruvot-Fol, 1931 are redescribed from Korea in this paper: Trapania euryeia Gosliner & Fahey, 2008, T. japonica (Baba, 1935), and T. toddi Rudman, 1987. Among these species, T. japonica is newly added to Korean fauna. The genus Trapania is characterized by a pair of extra-rhinophoral appendages on each side of the head, tentacular foot corners, a pair of extra-branchial appendages present around the gill, radula formula N×1.0.1. and consists of denticulated teeth, triaulic reproductive system, and minute spines on the armed penis. Herein, synonyms of the genus Trapania are summarized through a detailed literature review and the diagnostic characters of the genus Trapania are provided. Three species of the genus Trapania from Korea are distinguished from each other based on the color of extra-rhinoporal appendages and extra-branchial appendages, ground color, and distribution range of the brown markings on the dorsal surface. A taxonomic key to the genus Trapania in Korea is provided. In addition, the morphological characteristics of three trapanian nudibranchs in Korea are described and detailed photos of living animal are provided.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43.2-43.2
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• 2013

The local environmental effects on the triggering of active galactic nucleus(AGN) activity has been studied with many authors, but there still be controversy. We perform statistical analysis for nearby(0.01 < z < 0.05) volume limited(Mr < -19) samples with visual inspection based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release7. We inspect ~60,000 galaxy images visually to find peculiar objects which show not only ongoing merging features and tidal features, but also post merging features like ring or shell structures. We found that these peculiar features were shown at least 2 times more frequently among AGN host galaxies than non AGN galaxies, and this trend was still visible when galaxy properties such as color or stellar mass are fixed. Furthermore, L[OIII] and L(Ha) of peculiar galaxies are found to be more increased than those of normal galaxies. In order to ensure this results, we also checked it for a smaller subsample with ~2mag deeper monochromatic images provided from SDSS Stripe82 database, and found consistent results. At last, we perform the same work for pair(r_p<80kpc/h, delta_v<200km/s) systems. Because of some pair systems which do not interact gravitationally in actuality but fulfill the criteria for identification of pair system, the trends are found to be slightly weaker. We also found that line luminosities are increased consistently as projected distance between central and companion galaxy decreased, and as companion color gets bluer. Overall, the results of this study tell us that the local environment of galaxies affect the frequency as well as the strength of AGN activity. Local environmental effects, however, may not be the dominant triggering mechanism for AGN activity since the majority of peculiar galaxies are non AGN galaxies.