• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 1995

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of Black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii [Bleeker] to the color lights. The experimental tank ($360L{\times}50W{\times}55H$cm) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50cm level. Light bulbs of 20 W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and they were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity was controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 50 minutes before they were employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in order of blue, yellow, white and red in the day-time and blue, red, yellow and white at night. The difference of the average distribution on two different colors of light was 7.18%(0.35-19.55%), and the difference in the daytime(8.20%) was larger than at night (6.15%). The gathering rate of fish on illumination period didn't show the regular trend of increase and decrease, and was fluctuated with instability. The difference of the gathering rate on two different colors of light wasn't distinct, and the difference in the daytime was larger than at night.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2000

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate dentin bonding by two different dentin bonding systems(DBS) using acetone based primer or adhesive [All Bond 2(AB2), One Step(OS)] when they were applied by wet or dry bonding technique. Morphology of resin-dentin interface and hybrid layer thickness(HLT) were investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope(CLSM) and compared to shear bond strength(SBS). 72 extracted sound human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 18 teeth each - Group 1.(AW); AB2 by wet bonding. Group 2(AD); AB2 by dry bonding. Group 3.(OW); OS by wet bonding, Group 4.(OD); OS by dry bonding. In 6 teeth of each group, notch-shaped class V cavities(depth 2mm) were prepared on buccal and lingual surface at the cementoenamel juction(12 cavities per group). To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, bonding resins of each DBS were mixed with rhodamine B and primer of AB2 was mixed with sodium fluorescein. Prepared teeth of each group were treated with AB2, OS, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions except for dentin surface moisture treatment after acid etching. In group 1 and 3, after acid etching, excess water was removed with wet tissue(Kimwipes), leaving consistently shiny, visibly hydrated dentin surface. In group 2 and 4, dentin surface was dried for 10 seconds at 1 inch distance. The treated teeth were then packed with composite resin(${\AE}$litefil) and light-cured. 12 microscopic samples($60{\sim}80{\mu}m$ thickness) of each group were obtained after longitudinal section and grinding(Exakt cutting and grinding system). Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and HLT measurement using CLSM were done. For measurement of SBS, remaining 12 teeth of each group were flattened occlusally to remove all enamel and grinded to 500 grit SiC(Pedemet Specimen Preparation Equipment). After applying DBS on the exposed dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder, which has 5mm diameter, 1.5mm thickness, and light cured. SBS was measured using Instron with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. It was concluded as follows, 1. HLT of AW(mean: $2.59{\mu}m$) was thicker than any other group, and followed by AD, OW, OD in descending order(mean; 2.37, 2.28, $1.92{\mu}m$). Only OD had statistically significant differences(p<0.05) to AW and AD. 2. There were intimate contact of resin and dentin at the interface in wet bonding groups, but gaps or irregular interfaces were observed in dry bonding groups. 3. The length, diameter, density of resin tags were various even in the same group without significant differences between groups and lots of adhesive lateral branches were observed. 4. There were no statistically significant difference of SBS between AB2 and OS, but SBS of wet bonding groups were significantly higher(p<0.05) than dry bonding groups. 5. There were no consistent relationships between HLT and SBS.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

Three specimens, presumed to be natural hybrids between Rhodeus notatus and R. ocellatus, were collected from Onyangcheon Stream area, Jwabu-dong, Asan-si, Chungcheongnamdo, the Republic of Korea, and morphological and phylogenetic analyses were performed to clearly identify their parent species. The body color of the three natural hybrids was light greenish-brown on dorsal side, and the size of red area on the upper front of the dorsal fin and the outer margin of the anal fin generally showed intermediate characters between the parent species, R. notatus and R. ocellatus. Among the measurement and meristic characters, the ratio of prepectoral length and preanal length in the standard length, and the ratio of snout length, interorbital width, length of caudal peduncle and depth of caudal peduncle in the head length, and the number of longitudinal row scales were analyzed as the unique characters of natural hybrids. In the rag1 gene of nuclear DNA, the three natural hybrids were analyzed to be reflected all the single nucleotide polymorphism sites between R. notatus and R. ocellatus, and in the phylogenetic tree using the cytb gene of mitochondrial DNA, they formed the same genetic clade as R. notatus. Therefore, three specimens, presumed to be natural hybrids analyzed in this study were identified as interspecific hybrids between female R. notatus and male R. ocellatus.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.502-506
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• 2009

"Hongyoung" was bred within the potato breeding program of National Institute of Highland Agriculture (NIHA). It was originated from a cross made between Atlantic as a female and AG34314 as a male parent in 2003. "Hongyoung" was evaluated as a clone number Daegwan 1-102 for the growth and tuber characteristics, yielding ability, and resistance to major diseases in the regional yield trials from 2006 to 2007. Finally, this clone was renamed as "Hongyoung" and was presented to Korean Seed & Variety Service in 2007 for registration as a new potato cultivar. "Hongyoung" has a round shape, shallow eye depth, red skinned and fleshed tuber characteristics. Its mean tuber yields from the regional yield trials was 37.4 MT/ha, and it showed the highest yield in spring cropping. "Hongyoung" showed high resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), however it was susceptible to both potato virus Y (PVY) and late blight (Phytophthora infestans). The dry matter content of "Hongyoung" was low to medium 17.7%, therefore it is suitable for table use. Its anthocyanin content was the highest in autumn cropping with 31.8 mg/100g fresh weight and it contained 3.6 times higher anthocyanin than the control, Jasim.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2019

Experimental studies using an open cone calorimeter were conducted to provide information on the CO and soot yields of wood combustibles required for a kitchen fire simulation of PBD. A total of eight specimens were examined for medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particle board (PB), which are used widely in kitchen furniture production, depending on the water content, surface processing method, and surface color. The thermal penetration time related to the fire spread rate in the depth direction differed significantly according to the surface processing treatment method, even for a specimen of identical thickness. The CO yield ($y_{CO}$) of the MDF and PB series did not change significantly according to the combustion mode and surface treatment process in flaming mode. On the other hand, $y_{CO}$ was approximately 10 times higher in smoldering mode than in flaming mode. The soot yield ($y_{soot}$), however, varied considerably depending on the combustion mode and surface treatment process. In particular, a higher $y_{soot}$ was found in flaming mode and in the surface-treated specimens. Finally, the $y_{CO}$ and $y_{soot}$ of MDF and PB measured for the kitchen fire simulation of PBD were applied.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2021

In a situation where the medical care field is developing from various angles, medical promotion video analysis has an important meaning. It is important as a matter of improving competitiveness, and in the era of acceleration of AI systems, medical care is also the leading field. Accordingly, the importance of videos on publicity, advertisements, and explanations is very important, and it is also an important direction to change the image of a company. In this study, the design characteristics and differences in the video were compared, focusing on the comparative analysis of professional videos of AI medical brands, with two foreign major companies (Stryker and Hill-rom) and one domestic leading company (Nine Bell), and detailed part analysis and section analysis were performed accordingly. As a technical partial analysis of image editing, the transition method and infographic graphics were considered. In an in-depth comparison, we found that AI medical imaging Points such as differences in image tone and image color harmony were analyzed and compared. For a detailed analysis in the video image determination part, we compared and studied the differentiated elements appearing in the promotional design and specific scenes of the video intro part and the product description video part of each video.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.90-102
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• 2022

In recent years, as interest in healing increases, outdoor spaces with the concept of healing have been created. For more professional and in-depth planning and design, the perception and characteristics of outdoor healing places through social media posts were analyzed using NER. Text mining was conducted using 88,155 blog posts, and frequency analysis and clique cohesion analysis were conducted. Six elements were derived through a literature review, and two elements were added to analyze the perception and the characteristics of healing places. As a result, visitors considered place elements, date and time, social elements, and activity elements more important than personnel, psychological elements, plants and color, and form and shape when visiting healing places. The analysis allowed the derivation of perceptions and characteristics of healing places through keywords. From the results of the Clique, keywords, such as places, date and time, and relationship, were clustered, so it was possible to know where, when, what time, and with whom people were visiting places for healing. Through the study, the perception and characteristics of healing places were derived by analyzing large-scale data written by visitors. It was confirmed that specific elements could be used in planning and marketing.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2023

The effects of forest fires on the activity of microbial communities in topsoil and subsoil were investigated. Samples were collected from Korean forest soils comprising mainly igneous and sedimentary rocks. Analysis of beta-glucosidase, found higher microbial activity in sedimentary rocks than in igneous rocks. Enzyme activity was not observed immediately after fire, but was restored over time. The enzyme activity of subsoil was inhibited by 33~46% compared with that in the topsoil, regardless of soil damage. The effect of fire on the availability of microbial substrate was investigated using EcoPlate. The percentages of average well color development values of damaged and normal topsoil were 52.7~56.8% and 62.3~83.6%, respectively. Forest fires appear to affect the diversity and substrate availability of the subsoil microbial community by accelerating the decomposition of soil organic matter. The Shanon index, representing microbial biodiversity, was high in the topsoil of all samples; it was higher for soil microorganisms in sedimentary rocks than in igneous rocks, and higher in topsoil than in subsoil.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2023

The effects of punching treatment on mycelial culture and fruiting body productivity were investigated in a new Lentinula edodes cultivar, "Jadam", in sawdust medium for the stable production of oak mushroom. As the punching volume and number increased, the weight loss rate and color difference increased and the L value decreased. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO₂ concentration reached their highest values at 33 and 19 days of incubation, respectively. The O₂ concentration showed the lowest value on the 14^th day of incubation, which was the opposite pattern to the CO₂ concentration. As the punching volume and the number increased, the medium temperature and O₂ concentration increased, and the CO₂ concentration decreased. Higher punching volumes and numbers resulted in higher temperatures and lower CO₂ concentrations. The best fruiting body yield was 5 × 70 mm - 30 (punching diameter × depth - number), and the total yield after three cycles was 644.7 g.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.231-243
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• 2022

To investigate the taxonomic status of undescribed species Acheilognathus sp. HR from Korean Acheilognathidae discovered from the Dalcheon River, a tributary of the Hangang River, molecular phylogenetic and morphological characteristics were compared and analyzed with previous studies. As a result of molecular phylogenetic analysis, A. sp. HR formed the same genetic clade as the five subspecies of Acheilognathus tabira, but formed a separate monophyletic group based on the unique genotype, showing clear differences. As a result of morphological analyses, the dorsal fin color in males is grayish and the nuptial coloration of the outer edge of the anal fin is white. The outer edges of the dorsal and anal fins are convexly rounded. A black blotch is present on the dorsal fin of the juvenile, but there is a black blotch absent on the dorsal fin of the small adult female. In the counts, the number of branched dorsal rays is 12~13. In the measurements, the length of the barbels is short and the body depth is deep. Therefore, the A. sp. HR of Hangang River is considered at the level of a distinct species distinguished from each other by the five subspecies of A. tabira by molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and limited distributional characteristics.