• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2008

Streptococcus (Strep.) agalactiae is one of the major pathogens of bovine mastitis and is the main cause of subclinical infection. This study attempted to develop a rapid PCR diagnosis procedure using milk samples collected on filter paper disks. Chromatographic filter paper was employed as the preservation media and kept at room temperature for one to four weeks. The revival rate of Strep. agalactiae kept on dried filter paper disks was affected by the pretreatment preservation time. The revival test suggested that not all the bacteria in artificially contaminated milk samples on the filter paper disks could be recovered. After that, a PCR based on the 16-23S intergenic spacer region of Strep agalactiae was performed. The results distinguished the strep. agalactiae from major pathogens of bovine mastitis at a $2{\times}10^2$ colony forming units (CFU)/ml level, which showed similar sensitivity to the results from liquid milk samples. The results also showed that milk samples collected on filter paper disks could be kept at room temperature for one to four weeks with little negative effect on sensitivity and specificity. The field test showed that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 96.15% and 98.60%, respectively. In conclusion, the protocol will provide a rapid and economic procedure for the detection of bovine mastitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

Against the mutagen MNNG and NOPD with SOS chromotest, the antigenotoxic activity of MeOH-soluble extract was much more effective than that of the water-soluble one. When the extract was added to the certain concentration, the antigenotoxic acivity was enhanced. Against the mutagen NOPD with Ames test, the antimutagenic activity of MeOH-soluble extract was better than that of the water-soluble one. The 60.4% of the inhibition ratio for the revertant colony-forming unit was shown at 5 mg of MeOH-soluble extract per plate. Antimutagenecity test with SOS chromotest and Ames test were performed using water-soluble and MeOH-soluble extracts from of Gleditsia sinensis. The antioxidant activity of MeOH-soluble extract with the NBT method was higher than that of the water-soluble one.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.339-350
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• 2019

This research focuses on finite element model updating and damage assessment of structures at element level based on global nondestructive test results. For this purpose, an optimization system is generated to minimize the structural dynamic parameters discrepancies between numerical and experimental models. Objective functions are selected based on the square of Euclidean norm error of vibration frequencies and modal assurance criterion of mode shapes. In order to update the finite element model and detect local damages within the structural members, modern optimization techniques is implemented according to the evolutionary algorithms to meet the global optimized solution. Using a simulated numerical example, application of genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms are investigated in FE model updating and damage detection problems to consider their accuracy and convergence characteristics. Then, a hybrid multi stage optimization method is presented merging advantages of PSO and ABC methods in finding damage location and extent. The efficiency of the methods have been examined using two simulated numerical examples, a laboratory dynamic test and a high-rise building field ambient vibration test results. The implemented evolutionary updating methods show successful results in accuracy and speed considering the incomplete and noisy experimental measured data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1746-1750
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• 2004

The PBM ${BioSign}^{TM}$ Salmonella (PBMS) test kit based on an mmunochromatographic method was evaluated for the screening of Salmonella spp. in pure cultures, and 80, 15, and 10 artificially and naturally contaminated, and negative controlled food samples, respectively. The PBMS test involves presumptive qualitative procedures, detecting the presence of Salmonella spp. in foods within 26 h total testing period and allowing the user to release negative products 70 h earlier than the conventional methods. The PBMS test using Buffered Peptone Water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth was evaluated for 10 different food types for various Salmonella spp. It showed detection limits of 1 to 25 colony forming units (CFU)/25 g. No cross-reaction was observed, particularly to other gramnegative bacteria. These results indicate the PBMS test is a rapid and inexpensive procedure for the screening of Salmonella spp. present at low concentrations (1 to 25 CFU/25 g) in foods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2889-2909
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• 2017

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted lots of attention in recent years due to their potential for various applications. In this paper, we seek how to efficiently deploy relay nodes into traditional static WSNs with constrained locations, aiming to satisfy specific requirements of the industry, such as average energy consumption and average network reliability. This constrained relay node deployment problem (CRNDP) is known as NP-hard optimization problem in the literature. We consider addressing this multi-objective (MO) optimization problem with an improved Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm with a linear local search (MOABCLLS), which is an extension of an improved ABC and applies two strategies of MO optimization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the MOABCLLS, two versions of MO ABC, two additional standard genetic algorithms, NSGA-II and SPEA2, and two different MO trajectory algorithms are included for comparison. We employ these metaheuristics on a test data set obtained from the literature. For an in-depth analysis of the behavior of the MOABCLLS compared to traditional methodologies, a statistical procedure is utilized to analyze the results. After studying the results, it is concluded that constrained relay node deployment using the MOABCLLS outperforms the performance of the other algorithms, based on two MO quality metrics: hypervolume and coverage of two sets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.579-582
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• 2001

Twenty one Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats(SHR) that were 4- to 21-month-old were examined histopathologically and serologically during a routine health monitoring of the rat colony. The results of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for murine pathogens demonstrated that 14 of 21 SHR rats had antibodies to Mycoplasma pulmonis. Histopathologically, the mycoplasma positive SHR rats were observed to have the typical pulmonary lesions which are characterized by the hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue around the bronchi, bronchioles and vessels. Based on the histopathological findings and serological results, this case was diagnosed as a murine mycoplasmosis of SHR rats.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 1992

Hydrogel coated ring shaped ocular inserts (containing the antibiotic, tylosin tartrate) were used in an evaluation of the effectiveness of polymeric ocular drug release devices for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The in vivo experiments represent the first experiments using hydrogel ocular inserts containing an antibiotic for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. In the infection tests, ten calves. were challenged with $2.4{\times}10^8{\sim}1.6{\times}10^9$ Moraxella bovis (a bacterium) colonies per eye following two ten minute ultraviolet radiation eye preconditioning exposures. Ninety five percent of the eyes (19 of 20 eyes) were successfully infected by this method. All infected eyes were monitored for the presence of the bacteria quantitiatively, and clinical observations were made for 14 days. The test was performed by three consecutive steps: 1) inoculation with 2 ultraviolet (UV) radiations, 2) growth of bacterial colonies and 3) treatment with medicated ring-shaped devices. The first. bacteriological measurements after 2 UV exposures were performed at day 3 of the tests. At day 7 after inoculation of both eyes of a calf with M. bovis, a medicated or a non-medicated ring-shaped device was inserted into each eye of a calf. The eye receiving the non-medicated ring was taken as a control for comparison with the eye that received a medicated ring. During the next 7 day period following a medicated ring insertion, the number of bacteria in the treated eyes dropped dramatically to negligible levels (0 to 30 colony forming units/swab), while the control eyes which received a non-medicated ring still exhibited a relatively high number of bacteria ($10^3\;to\;10^6$ colony forming units/swab). The number of bacteria was significantly reduced by the antibiotic released from the medicated ocular insert.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2003

In a mutagenicity test using the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, the Xanthium strumarium L. extracts had not a mutagenicity. The extracts were assayed that antioxidative effect using a colony formation assay. The extracts showed protective effects against the cytotoxicity of H$_2$O$_2$ and increased the immunity induced by TNF and IL-1${\beta}$. The modulating effect of Xanthium strumarium L. extract on the induction of carcinogenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG), was investigated in Wistar rats. The GSH content was found to be reduced by MNNG treatment, but increased on adding extract. In addition the Xanthium strumarium L. extract increased p53 expression versus MNNG alone.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 1994

Forty nine clinical isolates of S. aureus showing resistance to erythromycin(EM) were selected from 83 strains isolated recently in Korea. Fourteen strains of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics were selected by disc agar diffusion method. Colony hydridization was executed using two MLS inducible resistance genes, ermA and ermC, identified previously from S. aureus as probes. S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 whose genes were not homologous to those probes were finally selected. It was confirmed that the resistance genes of S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 had no homology with those probes in southern hybridization test using ermA, ermC and ermAM as probes. It was determined that S. aureus 375 had a plasmid whose size was about 35 kb. To know if the plasmid may have the genes related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics, it was attempted to transform Bacillus subtillis BR151 and S. aureus RN4220 with the plasmid isolated from S. aureus 375. It was shown that the gene related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics did not exist in this plasmid. These results indicate that two clinical isolates of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics have novel genes that have no homology with MLS resistance genes identified so far. It is assumed that these genes may exist in chromosomal DNA.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) regulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and modulates function of the mature hematopoietic cells. In the previous study, we reported that hGM-CSF could be produced in transgenic rice cell suspension culture, termed rhGM-CSF. In the present study we examined the single and repeated dose toxicity of rice cells-derived hGM-CSF in SD rats. During single dose toxicity study for 7 days, there were no any toxic effects at any dose of from 10 to $1000{\mu}g/kg$. The lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was not found in this range. Moreover, repeated dose toxicity study of 14-days period and at the doses of 50 and $200{\mu}g/kg$ (i. v.) of rhGM-CSF did not show any changes in food and water intake. There were also no significant changes in both body and organ weights between the control and the test groups. The hematological and blood biochemical parameters were statistically not different in all the groups. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF has no toxicity in SD rats.