• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.249-293
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• 2018

The Musical Theatre was a popular art genre that originated from the western musical tradition represented by the European opera. In the twentieth century, it bloomed around Broadway in the United States. It is also one of the commercial arts which is popularly loved by the public in the field of performing arts all over the world at present. Due to the nature of this genre, the development of dramas and the expression of characters use music, not words or gestures, as the main medium. And the style of music reacts sensitively to the taste of the public, not to a particular class. When Japan colonized Korea, the empire strongly believed modernization equaled westernization and Japan was the one who could awaken Korean. The Japanese colonial music education was intended to bring cooperation and obedience to Japan by forcibly injecting Japanese ideology and culture into Joseon people. The music education of colonialism with the textbook of the "Songs for public education(보통교육 창가집)" compiled by the Japanese government was a sparkstone for the conversion of the Korean musical identity to Japanese and Western music. In addition to the capitalistic economical mechanism for establishing a South Korean government friendly with the United States during the Cold War after liberation, and the rush of American Pop culture represented by 'the show stage in 8th US Arm' and 'movies' which are to be the influence of invisible 'new cultural imperialism', our traditional music was confined to the meaning of 'Korean music', meaning 'past music'. In Korea, after the liberation, the musical was introduced by the influx of American popular culture. In accordance with the cultural policy of Park Jeong-hee regime, which aimed to spread the 'healthy culture' through the modernization of traditional arts, 'The Yegreen(예그린악단)' was founded. However, the plan to create a contemporary performing art based on Korean national arts showed the possibility of success in 1966 with the success of , but soon after, they have been destined to fall into an institution that has lost their ability to operate on their own due to the suspension of the sponsorship of the regime. Due to the cultural imperialist strategy of the influence of Japanese imperialism's colonial music education and influx of American popular culture after liberation, in the early days of Korean musicals, our traditional aesthetic style brought about the situation of the 1960 's, which did not become an independent ethnic art through the exchange and expansion with Western music. This is the background of the western licensed musicals led by the Korean musical market in the 21st century as well as the main cause of musical creation based on western music.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2021

This study will examine the relationship between women and art education between the 1910s and the 1930s, and how women broke down the feudalistic views on women by changing the perceptions of women and stepped into society through gendered art education. Women tried to restore dignity and realize freedom and equality between men and women through modern education. Nevertheless, women had to receive handicraft education for the cultivation of virtues as part of the Japanese colonial policy and returned to their traditional feminine role. However, this study aims to reveal how a small number of "new women" who studied in Japan took the lead in teaching handicrafts for the independence of women, and how they were officially recognized as in the arts and crafts community and was able to enter the exhibition space through records, interviews, and newspaper articles. In conclusion, this study hopes to provide an opportunity to examine the relationship between handicraft education and femininity, and to consider the role of art education and exhibition in the development of women into social beings.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to microscopically re-clarify the reality of renovation and conflicts that females faced within their families since the modernization period. The research method is the literature review. Families have been considered based on the formation of individual spaces for housing by husband and wife. The study will analyze changes in daily lives and housing consciousness to understand how such housing areas are transforming. The results of the study are as follows. From the perspective of symbolic interaction, in a traditional society, Korean females have been experiencing alienation and isolation in private areas in their daily lives due to family centrism and male chauvinism. Since industrialization, the female's role as the major consumer has been emphasized. Also, in terms of housing space, the symbol of family interaction was influenced more by utility, rationality, and equality than spatial hierarchy. From the perspective of the dailiness of phenomenological traditions, the modern girl's housing consciousness, which appeared during modernization under colonial rule, is considered as revolutionary from traditional society. Soon after in industrialized society, females appeared as leaders of 'sweet home'. They also became the main body to create the space for living by giving meaning to the interior of housing. Considering dailiness from the Marxist perspective, under the colonial social system, females became the subject of colonization through education, socialization, and the labor market. The modern public system presents the female as 'a wise mom and good wife' or laborer causing the colonization of her life. After industrialization, the socialization of housing and prioritization of spending caused the daily lives of females to become colonized by the consumption market.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.136-162
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• 1991

This thesis is a study on the change and the process of the development of the hygiene administration during the period of modernization of our nation which promoted by the open door policy of our country chiefly under the pressure of the foreign countries. During that period Korea had reorganized the old political system radically and introduced the western medical system. Through the close study of literature concerning the system of the hygiene administration, the laws of health and hygiene, the environmental sanitation organizations and their practical activities the author obtained the conclusions as following 1. The government passed around 40 laws of health and hygiene from the time when the bureau of hygiene was founded in 1894 to the annex of Korea to Japan. Most of the laws were believed to be established by the enforecement of Japanese government. When the epidemics were prevailing, a decree for the prevention of the epidemics was proclaimed by the Japanese president of the headquarters of national police. It is shown well that the sovereignty of Korea had been deprived. 2. After the armex of Korea to Japan, the hygiene police and the general police belonging to the bureau of national police shared the tasks of health and hygiene. This was a temporary system which had existed just during the colonial period. As for the water-supply which is the most important facility among the various environmental hygiene facilities, the rate of supply was remarkably high in Japanese rather than in Korean. 3. During the period of American military administration, it is notable that the division of hygiene in the bureau of national police was replaced by the bureau of hygiene. This period is regarded as the turning point when hygiene administration was operated by means of education along with the introuction of American system of public health. 4. Ever since the foundation of the republic government, the laws of health and hygiene which had been established during the colonial period have been put into operation without rriuch change except several regulations concerning food.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.291-311
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• 2005

The great estate system of the Old World crossed the Atlantic Ocean in the 1500s along with the Spanish Royal Army, mission, merchants, crops and domestic arrivals, landing at the end of the journey in the Middle and South Americas. The latifundio of Spain's Middle Age combined with the environment of the New World to be regenerated in the name of hacienda which bad became tightly roared in the countryside landscape of New Spain by fin-de-colonial period of 1820s. The haciendas were distributed mainly over the central part of the present-dey Mexico, and the presence of water and towns determined the specific location of the large landed estates. Depending on the activities performed, the hacienda can be divided into several types such as grain hacienda, livestock hacienda, mining hacienda, henequen hacienda, and so forth. Consisting of landlords, estate managers and waged labor called peons, the hacienda as a semi-autarkic settlement played various roles as the home of church, the agrarian center and the hearth of cultural diffusion, as well as dwelling. Toward the end of the colonial period the hacienda experienced internal transformations driven by capitalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.489-500
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• 2018

Since the late 19 century, the Choseon dynasty forcibly opened the door to western countries, including Japan. In addition, cultural propagation called 'modernity' caused subtle changes in dietary life. Based on the theory of colonial dual society, this study examined the dietary modernity in Kyungsung (mid 1930s~early 1940s) when 50 years had passed since the Open-Door policy. Three films, (1934), (1936) and (1941) (those made in 1930s~1940s) were analyzed. Twenty six scenes [14 scenes from , five scenes from , and seven scenes from ] related to the dietary life from films were chosen and classified according three criteria (degree of modernization, main influential countries, and benefit groups from modernization). The degree of modernization of all films was more than 80%. The average proportion of the countries that affected modernization were western (35%), western-Japan (28%) and Japan (20%). Approximately 33, 53 and 14% of the upper, middle, lower classes, respectively, benefited from diet modernization. The main places where modernized dietary culture could be enjoyed were cafes, western restaurants, tea rooms, and hotels. The main food or beverages that were considered as modernized dietary culture were liquor (especially beer), coffee, and western meals. People in Kyungsung in the mid 1930s~early 1940s experienced modernity in dietary life differently according to the social classes and these culture changes were generally accepted as a symbol of modernity.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.43
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• pp.103-145
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• 2015

This study is intended to examine the present condition and management of Korean civil litigation between 1895 and 1905, during which the traditional korean legal system had undergone a significant reform until it was finally incorporated into the Japanese colonial counterpart. Civil litigation is important in historical archiving, in that we can understand archiving over time, the governing structure and our national identity. However at times we are not able to use them practically. The ultimate goal of preserving and maintaining the archives is to use them practically. The effective use of archives should be supported by their systematic management and access to a high standard. Therefore, the second main theme of this study is to propose to unveil civil litigation to the public for professional studies. Firstly, we should make a list of civil judgments from a management perspective. Secondly, we should inform people of the civil justice rulings through publicity activities such as contents creation, exhibition, documentary creation, education and so on. Thirdly, the historical archives of the civil litigations should be preserved apart form records. Fourthly, I should propose that we offer curriculum about interpreting and understanding history archives for strengthening of our expertise. Civil judgment of Guhanmal-Japanese is invaluable as it explains the history of our culture. Results of Conservation and utilization will be a valuable resource and invaluable to study.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 1995

Modern geography in France since the end of 19th century was begun with regional geography. France after losing the Franco-Prussian war in 1871 had tried to regain the deteriorated national proudness through the colonial expansion. The social and historical contexts in France had encouraged French geographers to engage in detailed small area studies. In particular, after Blache became a faculty at Sorbonne University his idea on integrative rather than selective description on area studies had gained paradigmatic popularity not only in geography but in other disciplines. The regional geography tradition was then firmly established as a science and as an art by Vidalian school until the beginning of Second World War. However, when industrialization and urbanization were the dominant science since the 1950s spatial analytic geography has become popular research tradition replacing the previledged regional geography. Nevertheless, geography in France is still acknowledged as an interesting and valuable discipline since regional geography tradition had accumulated rich knowledges on various regions. As regional geography provides valuable information and helps to understand various world regions, it should be regenerated as a research tradition which are able to fulfill societal needs accruing nowadays. By doing this, geography can rectify its disciplinary identity which has been disintegrated internally by giving too much emphasis on specialties, and melding into nearby disciplines. Our geography education for the chorography in particular focuses mainly on the listings of simple geographic facts, in this regard. Rather than attracting students' concern and motivation, geography is considered as a subject oriented toward simply memorizing geographic facts. To overcome these problems, regional geography should be discussed openly and popularized in research. Regional geographic methods available and results produced in other countries should be introduced, and critical assessments should be made for selective acknowledgment for nurturing our regional geography.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2476-2483
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• 2014

This study aims to review the characteristics of specialized classrooms for governmental secondary schools in the Japanese Colonial Era by analyzing architectural drawings collected by National Archives of Korea. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) Under the influence of Japanese science promotion of that time, specialized classrooms for science were considered as one of essential facilities. Typically exclusive specialized classrooms were assigned to two major science subjects : physics-chemistry and biology. 2) To science specialized classrooms, ancillary rooms for preparation, experiment equipment and specimen were attached and science lecture room with stepped floor was planned additionally only for the lecture on theories and the demonstration of experiment. 3) Specialized classrooms for science were zoned independently of other facilities because of the special equipments and safety. 4) Art rooms were common to both boys' and girls' schools but concerning music rooms, girls' schools had special concerns, whereas boys' schools did not. 5) Specialized classrooms for homemaking subject of girls' school were as much important as those for science subjects of boys' school. 6) Some early-established Korean boys' schools had handicraft rooms which were the symbol of vocational education-oriented, unequal policy on Koreans. Though not general cases, specialized classrooms for geography-history were planned for Japanese boys' school. Restricted to governmental secondary schools but considering the uncommon state of specialized classrooms of that time, these characteristics show conditions of early time when special classrooms were introduced into Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.64-87
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• 2020

The cultural property management system of Korea was established based on the modern cultural assets acts and the old imperial estate management system enacted during the Japanese occupation. Academics have researched the cultural property management system oriented on the modern cultural assets acts, but few studies have been conducted into the old imperial estate management system, which is another axis of the cultural property management system. The old imperial estate was separated from the feudal capital by the Kabo Reform, but was dismantled during the colonial invasion of Japan and managed as a hereditary property of the colonial royal family during the Japanese colonial period. After establishment of the government, the Imperial Estate Act was enacted in 1954 and defined the estate as a historical cultural property managed by the Imperial Estate Administration Office. At this time, imperial estate property that was designated as permanent preservation property was officially recognized as constituting state-owned cultural assets and public goods in accordance with Article 2 of the Act's supplementary provisions during 1963, when the first amendment to the Cultural Property Protection act was implemented. In conclusion, Korea's cultural property formation and cultural property management system were integrated into one unit from two different sources: modern cultural assets acts and the old imperial estate property management system. If the change of modern cultural assets acts was the process of regulating and managing cultural property by transplanting and applying regulations from Japan to colonial Joseon, the management of the imperial estate was a process by which the Japanese colonized the Korean Empire and disposed of the imperial estate. Independence and the establishment of the government of the Republic of Korea provided the opportunity to combine these two different streams into one. Finally, this integration was completed with the establishment of the Protection of Cultural Properties Act in 1962.