• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2023

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The occurrence of colon cancer can be prevented by removing precursor lesions. Several countries are making efforts to prevent the occurrence of colon cancer via screening programs. Korea is also following suite by screening individuals < 50 years of age. Currently, the incidence of colon cancer among the young is increasing globally, and Korea has a high colon cancer incidence rate among individuals in their 20s and 40s. Therefore, it may be necessary to start the screening individuals < 50 years of age to detect the cancer's manifestation early. Moreover, advanced adenomas associated with poor prognosis can be detected early, the overall screening rate can be increased, and death from colon cancer at a young age can be prevented. Although the period of colorectal cancer screening has been expanded, the overall colorectal cancer screening rate has not. Additionally, increasing the screening rate among individuals > 50 years could reduce the mortality rate at a lower cost. Although the incidence of colon cancer is increasing in younger individuals, the evidence to conclude that screening at the age of < 50 years has a meaningful impact on the incidence and survival rates of colon cancer remains insufficient. Therefore, rather than following the trend and performing screening early, an approach that actively selects cases where tests for colorectal cancer diagnosis are required is warranted.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2006

Objectives: We developed the predictive model for the incidence of colon cancer by utilizing the health screening data of the National Health Insurance in Korea. We also explored the characteristics of the high risk group for colon cancer. Methods: The predictive model was used to determine those people who have a high risk for colon cancer within 2 years of their NHI health screening, and we excluded the people who had already been treated for cancer or who were cancer patient. The study population is the insured of the NHI, aged 40 or over and they had undergone health screening from the year 2000 to 2004, according to NHI health screening formula. We performed logistic regression analysis and used SAS Enterprise Miner 4.1. Results: This study shows that there exists a higher rate of colon cancer in males than females. Also, for the population in their 60s, the incidence rate of colon cancer is much higher by 5.36 times than that for those people in their 40s. Amongst the behavioral factors, heavy drinking is the most important determinant of the colon cancer incidence (7.39 times in males and 21.51 times in females). Conclusions: Our study confirms that the major influencing factors for the incidence of colon cancer are drinking, lack of exercise, a medical history of colon polypus and a family history of colon cancer. As a result, we can choose the group that is at a high risk for colon cancer and provide customized medical information and selective management services according to their characteristics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing second primary cancer (SPC) screening practice by examining the relationships of physical symptoms, knowledge and attitudes regarding SPC screening, perceived risk, primary cancer type, and demographic factors of cancer survivors. Methods: Participants were 308 survivors of stomach, colon, or breast cancer recruited from 2 university hospitals in Korea. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: The proportion of participants taking all cancer screenings according to national guidelines was 40%. They had moderate knowledge and a relatively positive attitude regarding SPC screening and high cancer risk perception. The participants had taken fewer SPC screenings after than before cancer diagnosis. The factors influencing cancer risk perception were age, physical symptoms, knowledge regarding SPC and primary cancer type (stomach). The factors influencing SPC screening practice were age, gender, economic status, knowledge regarding SPC screening, and primary cancer types (colon). Conclusion: It is important for clinical professionals to recognize that survivors of cancer are susceptible to another cancer. Education on SPC screening for these survivors should focus on communicating with and encouraging them to have regular cancer screenings.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2012

Purpose: This study is to determine knowledge about early detection and risk perception of cancer according to taking cancer screening tests in the general population. Methods: The participants were 151 people aged 40 years or older. A questionnaire consisted of knowledge about early detection (warning signs, cancer screening methods, general knowledge for early detection), cancer risk perception and history of cancer screening during past 2 years. Results: The percentages of correct answers were 64.7% in knowledge about warning signs, 73.7% in knowledge of cancer screening tests and 80.1% in general knowledge for early detection. Participants had the highest knowledge about screening methods for stomach cancer and the lowest for liver and colon cancer. The level of risk perception was medium. The participants who participated in cancer screening showed lower risk perception than those who did not. There was no significant relationship between knowledge and performance of cancer screening. The primary reason for not participating in cancer screening was patient's perception of their own health. Conclusion: These results suggest that cancer risk perception can affect the performance of cancer screening and we need to study how to handle this problem. Additionally screening programs should focus on liver cancer and colon cancer.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.382-389
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• 2016

Background: National cancer screening reduces mortality from stomach, colon, breast, and cervical cancer. However, cancer screening rates remain lower than 50% in Korea. This research was designed to make effective guidelines for cancer screening promotion to increase participation rate in cancer screening. Methods: Data was collected from Incheon regional cancer center's telephone survey 'Recognition of cancer prevention and control' of 861 Incheon citizens over age 40. Logistic regression was used to analyse a relationships between cancer screening rates and promotional methods. PASW SPSS ver. 18.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Results: About 27.4% of respondents (236 of 861 respondents) have recognized the promotional program of Incheon regional cancer center for cancer screening participation. Cancer screening rate was associated with age group, educational level for stomach cancer, age group, bus advertisement (odds ratio, 1.19 to 2.75) for colon cancer, educational level, residential area for breast cancer, and age group for cervical cancer. Conclusion: There was relationship between stomach cancer screening rates and promotional methods. Therefore, cancer screening promotion guidelines to increase participation rate should be considered.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2005

Objectives : We wanted to identify those factors associated with stomach, colon, breast and cervix cancer screening. Methods : A population-based telephone survey was conducted for 2 weeks (the 9th-23th of July, 2004) by trained interviewers with using a questionnaire. 2,598 respondents (females aged 30 years or over, and the males aged 40 years or over) were selected by random-digit dialing that was based on the 2000 Population and Housing Census. The data on socio-demographic, health behavior and enabling factors were collected. 2,571 respondents were included in analysis. The cancer screening rate was classified into 2 categories : the life time screening rate and the screening rate with recommendations. Results : For the 2,571 respondent s, the life time screening rate was as follows: 52.0% (Stomach), 25.3% (Colon), 55.9% (Breast) and 76.8% (Cervix). The screening rate with recommendation was as follows : 3 9.2% (Stomach), 20.6% (Colon), 42.5% (Breast) and 58.3% (Cervix). On a multiple logistic regression analysis of the life time screening, statistically significant relationships were observed for the screening intention, the health exam, the disease history, the age of the patients and the cancer screening rates. On a multiple logistic regression analysis of the screening with recommendation, statistically significant relationships were observed for the screening intention, the health exam, the age of the patients, the concern about the risk of cancer, the voluntary health insurance for cancer and the cancer screening rates. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that the cancer screening intention, the health exam and the age of the patients are the most important factors to participate in life time cancer screening and also screening with recommendations. A positive association was also observed for the concern about the risk of cancer, the voluntary health insurance for cancer. It is hoped that this study will be a base line data for suggesting the representative cancer screening rate in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1361-1364
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• 2012

Background: Results of screening colonoscopy from Western countries reported adenoma detection rates (ADRs) of 30-40% while those from Asia had ADR as low as 10%. There have been limited data regarding screening colonoscopy in Thailand. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine polyp and adenoma detection rates in Thai people, to evaluate the incidence of colorectal cancer detected during screening colonoscopy and to determine the endoscopic findings of the polyps which might have some impact on endoscopists to perform polypectomy. Materials & Methods: This study was a retrospective electronic chart review of asymptomatic Thai adults who underwent screening colonoscopy in our endoscopic center from June 2007 to October 2010.Results: A total of 1,594 cases were reviewed. The patients had an average age of $58.3{\pm}10.5$ years (range 27-82) and 55.5% were female. Most of the cases (83.8%) were handled by staff who were endoscopists. A total of 488 patients (30.6%) were reported to have colonic polyps. Left-sided colon was the most common site (45.1%), followed by right-sided colon (36.5%) and the rectum (18%). Those polyps were removed in 97.5% of cases and 88.5 % of the polyps were sent for histopathology (data lost 11.5%). Two hundred and sixty three cases had adenomatous polyps, accounting for 16.5 % ADR. Advanced adenomas were detected in 43 cases (2.6%). Hyperplastic polyps were mainly located distal to the splenic flexure of the colon whereas adenomas were found throughout the large intestine. Ten cases (0.6%) were found to have colorectal cancer. Four advanced adenomas and two malignant polyps were reported in lesions ${\leq}$ 5 mm. Conclusion: The polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, advanced adenoma detection rate and colorectal cancer detection rate in the screening colonoscopy of Thai adults were 30.9%, 16.5%, 2.6% and 0.6% respectively. Malignant transformation was detected regardless of the size and location of the polyps. Therefore, new technology would play an important role indistinguishing polyps.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.342-347
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• 1996

Doxorubicin, one of the clinically most useful anticancer agents, is used alone or in combination with other drugs against a wide variety of tumors, recently. But cancer cells developed resistance to this agent in many ways. This resistance is an important limiting factor of doxorubicin for anticancer drug. We newly established doxorubicin-resistant HCT15/CL02 subline from parental HCT15 human adenocarcinoma colon cancer cells. HCT15/CL02 revealed resistance to doxorubicin about 85-fold of its parental cells, and it also revealed cross-resistance to actinomycin D, etoposide and vinblastine but not to displatin and tamoxifen. And verapamil, a reversal agent of multidrug-resistance (MDR) by P-glycoprotein, elevated the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against both HCT15 and GCT15/CL02 cells. But the relative resistant rate was not reduced. Verapamil had no effects on the tosicity of cisplatin to the both cell lines. These results indicate that HCT15/CL02 cells have some functionally complex mechanisms for MDR.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5125-5129
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• 2012

Economic decision models are being increasingly used to assess medical interventions. Advances in this field are mainly due to enhanced processing capacity of computers, availability of specific software to perform the necessary tasks, and refined mathematical techniques. We here estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of ten strategies for colon cancer screening, as well as no screening, incorporating quality of life, noncompliance and data on the costs and profit of chemotherapy in Iran. We used a Markov model to measure the costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy of a 50-year-old average-risk Iranian without screening and with screening by each test. In this paper, we tested the model with data from the Ministry of Health and published literature. We considered costs from the perspective of a health insurance organization, with inflation to 2011, the Iranian Rial being converted into US dollars. We focused on three tests for the 10 strategies considered currently being used for population screening in some Iranians provinces (Kerman, Golestan Mazandaran, Ardabil, and Tehran): low-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test, performed annually; fecal immunochemical test, performed annually; and colonoscopy, performed every 10 years. These strategies reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer by 39%, 60% and 76%, and mortality by 50%, 69% and 78%, respectively, compared with no screening. These approaches generated ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios) of $9067, $654 and $8700 per QALY (quality-adjusted life year), respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the influence of various scales on the economic evaluation of screening. The results were sensitive to probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Colonoscopy every ten years yielded the greatest net health value. Screening for colon cancer is economical and cost-effective over conventional levels of WTP8.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1997

The anticarcinogenic effects of dimethyl disulfide(DMDS, methyl disulfide)and diallyl disulfide(DADA, allyl disulfide) were studied in a 28 weeks rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions were observed in the liver kidney thyroid gland esophagus duodenum colon, rectum and adrenal gland. Tesults showed that neoplastic lesions in the kidney liver and thyroid gland were inhibited by DADS but those in the liver and colon were enhanced by DMDS when compared to positive control group. incidence of neoplastic lesions in the other organs were not changed by DMDS or DADS exposure. While GST-p positive foci in the liver were increased by DMDS, DADS had no effect. There was no significant histopathological lesion in DMDS or DADS treated group without pretreatment with carcinogens.