• Korean Journal of Logic
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.127-170
• /
• 2008

This paper aims to present solutions to three intriguing puzzles on causation that Benardete presents by considering the results of infinite series of telescoping events. The main conceptual tool used in the solutions is the notion of collective causation, what many events cause collectively. It is straightforward to apply the notion to resolve two of the three puzzles. It does not seem as straightforward to apply it to the other puzzle. After some preliminary clarifications of the situation that Benardete describes to present the puzzle, however, we can apply the notion to resolve it as well.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.689-699
• /
• 2023

The process of German collective housing planning is meaningful in examining comprehensively deploying aspects of planning foundation through defining the ideology of modern and contemporary architecture in the process of providing housing followed by social changes while rebuilding the country after two World Wars in combination with the population concentration in cities after the Industrial Revolution. We outline the characteristics and understand the types of collective housing, and the background of their interaction with urban contexts overlapping social situations and historical processes; by means of the process, the planning and designing typology which is commonly adjusted to contemporary collective housing after examining them could be understood as being aligned with the extension line of interconnecting the process of modern and contemporary era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2022

Skeletal muscle tissues feature cellular heterogeneity, including differentiated myofibers, myoblasts, and satellite cells. Thanks to the presence of undifferentiated myoblasts and satellite cells, skeletal muscle tissues can self-regenerate after injury. In skeletal muscle regeneration, the collective motions among these cell types must play a significant role, but little is known about the dynamic collective behavior during the regeneration. In this study, we constructed in vitro platform to visualize the migration behavior of skeletal muscle cells in specific conditions that mimic the biochemical environment of injured skeletal muscles. We then visualized the spatiotemporal distribution of stresses arising from the differential collectiveness in the cellular clusters under different conditions. From these analyses, we identified that the heterogeneous population of muscle cells exhibited distinct collective migration patterns in the injury-mimicking condition, suggesting selective activation of a specific cell type by the biochemical cues from the injured skeletal muscles.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.439-452
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the best structural model among CEO's entrepreneurship(innovation proactiveness and risk-taking) in small and medium enterprises, group goal orientation(learning and performance goal orientation) and collective efficacy of employees. The result of verifying the best structural model is as follows. First. it indicated that innovation proactiveness of CEO's entrepreneurship positively affected group learning goal orientation and group performance goal orientation of employees while it did not affect risk-taking. Second, it indicated that group learning goal orientation and group performance goal orientation of employees positively affected collective efficacy. Third, it indicated that CEO's innovation proactiveness positively affected collective efficacy through group goal orientation of employees(learning and performance goal orientation). In this study, we targed 162 CEOs and 486 employees in small and medium enterprises located in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Jeju and applied the reponses of employees to 162 enterprises by using the average value measured in three divisions of each enterprise. We conducted a survey as a study method and conducted covariance structure analysis to verify the study model. Implications of the research are as below. First, we provided academic discussions by expanding the study category of goal orientation with an individual level into a group level. Second, we expanded the study category with individual goal orientation and collective efficacy into group goal orientation. Third, we suggested the possibility of another mechanism's effect between entrepreneurship and collective efficacy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.323-326
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we propose a new method of the communication system for cooperative behavior and control in a collective autonomous mobile robots. A communication function among the collective robots is essential to intelligent cooperation. In general, global communication is effective for small number of robots. However when the number of robot goes on increasing, this becomes difficult to be realized because of limited communication capacity and increasing amount of information to handle. And also the problems such as communication interference and improper message transmission occur. So we propose local communication system based on infrared sensor to realize the cooperative behavior and control as the solution of above problem. It is possible to prevent overflow of information and exchange of complex information by combining communicate a specific robot. At last we verify the effectiveness of the proposed communication system from example of cooperative behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.963-980
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of constructing pre-service teachers' scientific knowledge information through collective intelligence. We selected the 'Appropriate Technology' (A.T.) as the subject for formation of scientific knowledge. Twenty nine pre-service teachers of the course 'Scientific Thinking and Writing in Science Education' were allowed to freely post information whenever they wanted. They presented their full opinions, interacted with each other, and assessed the other' information on the website for a month. The way of posting was as follows. After one pre-service teacher had written the information about A.T. on the website, the other assessed the text and added or modified the writing. This process continued. We analyzed every writing they posted and questionnaire which contained the reason why they modified the text. The result was as follows. Pre-service teachers formed collective intelligence through four stages. First, pre-service teachers started to find the information related to the subject and they just added the information behind the other's writing. In the second stage, information was added, too. But the difference was that the information they selected carried values for having certain views. Third, they organized their writings with logical and critical thinking. Finally, they revised their overall writing. The results showed that students could develop their critical thinking and they could learn the way of communication from the process of collective intelligence. We found the forming process of knowledge by collective intelligence, and explored the various involving patterns and thinking activities in the process. Based on this research, we expect the improvement of students' logical and critical thinking through the various classes using collective intelligence.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2010

A P2P network can be created or destroyed automatically because it is based on the structural characteristic of being promoted by peer communities' free participation. While users can share resources they want in a P2P, there are also many resources they do not want such as fake contents. As one method of removing fake contents, it is suggested to use collective intelligence in P2P environment. And we simulated merit of reputation system.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.103-135
• /
• 2000

After scrutinizing the actual conditions of labor participation in management decision makings through analysing the collective agreements and the regulations of labor-management committee at the affiliated companies of Korea's top-five Chaebols, we could get some conclusions as follows. First, because the labor participation in management decision makings is in very inactive situations at the long-term management strategy level and the workplace practice level of industrial relations, both parties of the industrial relations in those companies surveyed show the serious lack of abilities to tackle the new and rapidly changing business environments as nowadays actively and cooperatively. Second, we could find the fact that in the surveyed companies the device of collective bargaining was used more commonly at the collective bargaining level of industrial relations and the device of labor-management committee was often used relatively at the long-term management strategy level and the workplace practice level. Third, we could conclude that the separating type of the labor-management committee which was able to keep a safe distance from the more antagonistic device, the collective bargaining, was much more efficient device of the labor participation in management decision makings.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.9A no.2
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2002

Many researchers have been interested in the optimization of parallel programs through the latency hiding by overlapping the communication with the computation. We ana1yzed overlapping effects in the circular shift communication which is one of the collective communications being frequently used In many data parallel programs. We measured the time which can be possibly overlapped and the time which cannot be overlapped in over all circular shift communication period on an Ethernet switch-based clustered system. The result from each platform nay be used for the input of optimizing compilers. The previous performance models usually have two kinds of drawbacks one is only based on point-to-point communication, so it is not appropriate for analyzing the overall effects of collective communications. The other provides the performance of collective communication, but no overlapping effect. In this paper we extended the previous models and analyzed the experimental results of the extended model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.5 no.10
• /
• pp.1698-1711
• /
• 2011

Knowledge is often represented as a set of rules or a semantic network in intelligent systems. Recently, ontology has been widely used to represent semantic knowledge, because it organizes thesaurus and hierarchal information between concepts in a particular domain. However, it is not easy to collect semantic relationships among concepts. Much time and expense are incurred in ontology construction. Collective intelligence can be a good alternative approach to solve these problems. In this paper, we propose a collective intelligence approach of Games With A Purpose (GWAP) to collect various semantic resources, such as words and word-senses. We detail how to construct the semantic information model or ontology from the collected semantic resources, constructing a system named FunWords. FunWords is a Korean lexical-based semantic resource collection tool. Experiments demonstrated the resources were grouped as common nouns, abstract nouns, adjective and neologism. Finally, we analyzed their characteristics, acquiring the semantic relationships noted above. Common nouns, with structural semantic relationships, such as hypernym and hyponym, are highlighted. Abstract nouns, with descriptive and characteristic semantic relationships, such as synonym and antonym are underlined. Adjectives, with such semantic relationships, as description and status, illustration - for example, color and sound - are expressed more. Last, neologism, with the semantic relationships, such as description and characteristics, are emphasized. Weighting the semantic relationships with these characteristics can help reduce time and cost, because it need not consider unnecessary or slightly related factors. This can improve the expressive power, such as readability, concentrating on the weighted characteristics. Our proposal to collect semantic resources from the collective intelligence approach of GWAP (our FunWords) and to weight their semantic relationship can help construct the semantic information model or ontology would be a more effective and expressive alternative.