• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2012

We surveyed and evaluated quantities and distribution characteristics of debris on the sea floor around active fishing grounds around the islands in the southwest coast of Korea in 2007 where the average depth is below 40m. Proper recovery gears mainly to haul the derelict fishing gears are selected considering the sea bed types of the areas. The collected debris amounts were used to estimate the total amount of the surveyed area. The number of hauls per trial times the amount of the debris was extended to whole sampling area and the weighting factor from the opinion was applied to reach the total amount of marine debris on the floor. The amount of the deposited marine debris around Wangdeung-do area is estimated as about 686 $kg/km^2$, and the cost of the collection and treatment for the deposited marine debris is estimated about 3.9 billion KRW after consideration of the proper size of the working ships, labor, transport and treatment cost.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2A
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• pp.160-171
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• 2011

The one of the core technologies for ubiquitous computing is WSN. WSN detects the information from the environment around them based on the information perceived from the human and all things and manages the information by connecting to the network in realtime. In this environment, the existing research provides the mechanism that most of sensor nodes in the target area can set the transmission path using RGF. However, unrelated to the target area will be responsible for the energy consumption of nodes that are the problem. In this paper, we propose EEDCP protocol. It is designed to collect data from the specific region on sinks in WSN. EEDCP is the protocol that sets the transmission path for collection data inside the target area in WSN. And this paper is shown that the proposed scheme is more efficient in the energy efficiency and the occurrence rate of isolated nodes by comparison with the previous studies through simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2007

This study analyzed by simulation using TRNSYS as well as by experiment on the solar district heating system installed for the first time for the district heating system in Bundang. Simulation analysis using TRNSYS focused on the thermal behavior and long-term thermal efficiency of solar system. Experiment carried out for the reliability of simulation system. This solar system where the circuits of two different collectors, flat plate and vacuum tube collector, are connected in series by a collector heat exchanger, and the collection characteristics of each circuit varies. Therefore, these differences must be considered for the system's control. This system uses variable flow rate control in order to obtain always setting temperature of hot water by solar system. Specifically, this is a system that heats returning district heating water (DHW) at approximately $60^{\circ}C$ using a solar collector without a storage tank, up to the setting temperature of approximately $85{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ To realize this, a flat plate collector and a vacuum tube collector are used as separate collector loops. The first heating is performed by a flat plate collector loop and the second by a vacuum tube collector loop. In a gross collector area basis, the mean system efficiency, for 4 years, of a flat plate collector is 33.4% and a vacuum tube collector is 41.2%. The yearly total collection energy is 2,342GJ and really collection energy per unit area ($m^2$) is 1.92GJ and 2.37GJ respectively for the flat plate vacuum tube collector. This result is very important on the share of each collector area in this type of solar district heating system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

This study aims to derive basic living service facility items in rural areas and construct related spatial data. To do this, a literature review on the laws and systems related to the residential environment and services in rural areas, rural spatial planning, and the 'Rural Convention' strategic plan reports for the Jeolla and Gyeongsang Region in 2021 was conducted. Primary data collection and review on the list of basic living service items in rural areas derived from the analysis were conducted. After data collection, 12 sectors and 44 types of rural basic living service items were derived; the data selection was carried out based on the clarity of the subject of data management, whether it was established nationwide, whether it was disclosed and provided, whether it was periodically updated, and whether it was an underlying law. Afterwards, data on the derived rural basic living service items were constructed. Afterwards, spatial data on the derived rural basic living service items were constructed. Because open data provided through various institutions were employed, data structure unification such as data attribute values and code names was needed, and abnormal data such as address errors and omissions were refined. After that, the data provided in text form was converted into spatial data through geocoding, and through comparative review of the distribution status of the converted data and the provided address, spatial data related to rural basic living services were finally constructed for about 540,000 cases. Finally, implications for data construction for diagnosing rural living areas were derived through the data collection and construction process. The derived implications include data unification, data update system establishment, the establishment of attribute values necessary for rural living area diagnosis and spatial planning, data establishment plan for facilities that provide various services, rural living area analysis method, and diagnostic index development. This study is meaningful in that it laid the foundation for data-based rural area diagnosis and rural planning, by selecting the basic rural living service items, and constructing spatial data on the selected items.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.319-322
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• 1983

Species-area and species-quadrat number curves were used to determine the minimum sampling size and the minimum quadrat number for weed data collection in transplanted rice. In both cases, characteristic curves that first increased abruptly and then leveled off as fewer species were added with increased sampling size or quadrat number were obtained. Using these techniques, it was determined that three quadrats each 0.3㎡ (0.5m ${\times}$0.6m) in area were needed to adequately represent the weed community when it was sampled at rice heading.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2021

Mushroom survey and collection were conducted in the Dong Hua Sao National Biodiversity Conservation Area (DHSNBCA), which is located about 30 km east of Pakse and about 10 km south of the town of Paksong, Champasak Province of Lao-PDR, from from at the early July to October in 2019. During this periods, mushroom specimens were collected from 6 different locations, and then they were identified and classified into 103 species, 74 genera, 37 families, 15 orders and 6 classes by morphological and molecular analyses. The mushrooms belongs to Ascomycota were classified into 10 species, 6 genera, 4 families, 3 orders and 2 classes, while those belongs to Basidiomycota were classified into 92 species, 67 genera, 32 families, 11 orders, and 3 classes, respectively. In addition, 1 species of Myxomycota was also identified. Among these mushrooms, the most species-rich families are Marasmiaceae (17.3%), Polyporaceae (13.1%), Mycenaceae (8.9%), Agricaceae (8.3%), Xylariaceae (6.5%), Auriculariaceae (4.8%), Ganodermtaceae (3.6%), Dacrymycetaceae (3.0%), Meruliaceae (3.0%), Russulaceae (3.0%) and comprised 71.4% of the total specimens identified.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2003

An experimental study on the characteristics of collection efficiency for electrostatic precipitator under the action of acoustic energy in the gas stream was performed. In the experiment, the acoustic energy which has 2 kHz and 141 dB was applied to electrostatic precipitator inlet, and the test parameters were used in terms of the magnitude of gas velocity. From the results of experiment, the collection efficiency of ESP was increased due to acoustic energy, and this effect was much clearer at high velocity. This means that the acoustic energy can play an important role in the enlargement of specific collection area of the electrostatic precipitator.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2003

Works were focused on back pressure characteristics of ceramic fiber filter on DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) system and experiments were performed to select appropriate filter which can filter particulates. Filters were installed on metal -support tube which has openings for exhaust gas flow. Ceramic fiber filters with high specific surface area and adequate high temperature strength are commercially available for filtration of diesel particulates and in -situ hot regeneration. Thus, ceramic blanket and ceramic board which are used as insulating media were applied to filter and filtration apparatus was installed on exhaust gas line connected to 2.0 L diesel engine. Alternating filter structure to adapt DPF system, collection efficiency test of diesel particulates was measured. In case of ceramic blanket, pressure drop was low, caused by the destruction of soft structures. Also, particulate collection efficiency was decreased depending on loading time. In case of ceramic board, structure design was altered to reduce back pressure on DPF system. Structure design was altered to induce Z-flow by making 10 mm and 5 mm holes on the surface of media. Alteration of 5 mm hole showed that media have low back pressure but particulate collection efficiency was 77%, while 10 mm hole showed that of 90%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.4 s.94
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

Beauty Art is an act which makes a face beautiful using various methods such as permanent, manicure and make-up. Recently, Beauty Art is recognized as the personal culture expressing the value of beauty and spirit. Therefore, there are growing interests in the comprehensive study of Beauty Art nor only from the beauty industries but also from academia, because Beauty Art is the high value-added field and Is recognized as a style of the dress. The purpose of this study is to open a new view to understand the Nail Art as a fold of experimental plastic art. The arctic expression is added to Beauty Art to develop it from the routine technique of the make-up and hairstyling to creative art. Assemblage is adopted to provide Beauty Art with fine harmonious expression which develop Nail Art into interesting and unique art area. Assemblage meaning compounding or collection is a technique through which three-dimension is added to two-dimension paintings, and which is an expression of an art work by recollection of miscellaneous articles or waste materials. Assemblage is a term which Jean Dubuffet coioned first in order to differentiate collage used by Picaso or Braque. Here, I present Nail Art Designs which applied Jean Dubuffet's works focusing on Automaticity and Happenstantial phenomena of materials, Materialization, and Directness. These features are characteristics of Assemblage which basic frameworks are fantastic collection, accumulation, constructive collection, and object collection.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to find out the collection property of nanoparticle in diffusion filter to know particle size dispersion of nanomaterial using inertial force and principle of Brownian diffusion motion. We used inertial filters which are two different type and diffusion filters made by various kinds of Wiremesh and the different pieces of filter to compare with particle size distribution using NaCl particles. Finally, We made a conclusion as follows : (1) the bigger available charging volume is and the larger specific surface area of inertial filter is, the better collection efficiency is. (2) The higher wire-mesh number of filter is, the more collection efficiency of small particle is increasing because the wire of the higher Wiremesh number filter is thinner and denser. (3) The more pieces of wire-mesh filter, the more collection efficiency is increasing because it makes the residence time longer.