• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2012

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has become an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). First delineated from other proteinuric glomerular lesions in the 1980s, CG is now recognized as a common, distinct pattern of proliferative parenchymal injury that portends a rapid loss of renal function and poor responses to empirical therapy. The first cases in the literature trace back to human-immunodeficiency-virus(HIV)-negative patients who underwent biopsy in 1979. A 45-year-old male patient complained of hematuria and proteinuria eight years ago. He showed an abrupt serum creatinine increase from 1.75 to 2.65 mg/dL in the last preceding months. Afterwards, his serum creatinine progressively increased up to 6.82 mg/dL. Moreover, his 24 h urine protein level was determined to have reached 6,171 mg/day, as opposed to 670 mg/day a year earlier. Consequently, renal biopsy was performed, and its result showed collapsing glomerulopathy, compatible with the diagnosis. He has undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy. Thus, it is reported herein that a patient clinically diagnosed with chronic kidney disease eight years ago showed a sudden renal-function decrease and was clinicopathologically diagnosed with collapsing glomerulopathy based on the results of his renal biopsy.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2012

Background: It is generally accepted that upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion can alter lower motor neuron (LMN) function by the plasticity of neural circuit. However there have been only few researches regarding the axonal excitability of LMN after UMN injury especially during the acute stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve excitability properties of the LMNs following an acute to subacute supratentorial corticospinal tract lesion. Methods: An automated nerve excitability test (NET) using the threshold tracking technique was utilized to measure multiple excitability indices in median motor axons of 15 stroke patients and 20 controls. Testing of both paretic and non-paretic side was repeated twice, during the acute stage and subacute stage. The protocols calculated the strength-duration time constant from the duration-charge curve, parameters of threshold electrotonus (TE), the current-threshold relationship from sequential sub-threshold current, and the recovery cycle from sequential supra-threshold stimulation. Results: On the paretic side, compared with the control group, significant decline of superexcitablity and increase in the relative refractory period were observed during the subacute stage of stroke. Additionally, despite the absence of statistical significance, a mildly collapsing in ('fanning in') of the TE was found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that supratentorial brain lesions can affect peripheral axonal excitability even during the early stage. The NET pattern probably suggests background membrane depolarization of LMNs. These features could be associated with trans-synaptic regulation of UMNs to LMNs as one of the "neural plasticity" mechanisms in acute brain injury.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

Several falling-sensing terminals have been developed which are able to detect the fall/upset accident of the elderly and transmit the collapsing signals to the administrative server via RF communication using 400MHz bandwidth. Supposing there might be no communication problem within a sanatorium, just single terminal without relay function had been made as a prototype in the first stage of development. However some communication problems have discovered at the coner of the floor apart from the other floor diagonally in the same building. Same kind of problems have been happened in the area behind a steel fence or a car. To solve these kinds of communication problems, we have developed several terminals and added up relay function to them. In this paper we represented that the success ratio of the communication has been improved by using relay function among several terminals.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1987

Testes from the allied rock wallaby(Petrogale assimilus) have been examined by the electron microscopy in thin sections in order to examine spermiogenesis and structure of spermatozoa. The spermiogenesis can be divided into nine stages: early Golgi, late Golgi, collapsing, nuclear protrusion, condensation and flattening, nuclear shaping, rotation, nuclear ring contraction, and maturation. The acrosome has been abruptly formed following the collapse of expanded acrosomal vesicle without the cap stage described in the eutheria. The flatly condensed nucleus rotates obliquely to the axis of the axial filament complex and the folded acrosome covers the anterior third of the dorsal nuclear surface forming a wide subacrosormal space as the nuclear ring has contracted. The Sertoli cell reaction and spur are prominent during the nuclear protrusion and rotation stages. A mature spermatozoon has S-shape head which has an extended part reaching to the vicinity of the middle piece.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.910-923
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• 2015

This phenomenological study is to understand the meaning and essence of experience from the perspective of a New Yorker. Participants were 11 Korean single women around 30 years old who work as fashion designers or advertising designers living and working in New York. Data were collected from November, 2013 to February, 2014, and one-to-one in-depth interviews were performed for data collection. Data analysis used the descriptive phenomenological method proposed by Giorgi. Phenomenological research is useful to understand the meaning of the experience for select cases and is used as an epoch and free variation method. The study results were identified from 70 common meanings to 14 exposed themes and 4 essentially themes from a gentile New Yorker's experience. The 4 essential themes were as follows. 1) Self-realization at the highest stage, 2) Indulge in the advanced culture of affluence and freedom, 3) Collapsing every day in depressed foreign workers, and 4) Becoming a rootless gentile New Yorker.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

This study aims to consolidate the qualitative growth of knit design thru the creation of high value-added brand and design, in the state of active trend for competitive promotion of professional knit brand, by collapsing the border line between the knitwear market and the woven one. In accordance with the market situation of increasing a demand of knitwear products, I wish to awaken the importance of knit design thru this study, to survey domestic knit brand products and their planning directions and to plan for the high value-added knitwear products, thru presenting the problems of knit industry and developing knitwear design. This study is focused on showing process of planning and items developed personally by me in charge of developing products practically at the job site of knit industry. From the stage of planning for goods, I suggested the 2007 s/s goods of M company as a strategy of distinctiveness caused by the problems with rival companies, and also proposed a method conducted by the actual business. Setting up M company's s/s concept of the year 2007, I suggested a plan of quantity, time of forwarding, color, fabrics, etc. as well as the process and schedule thru order, and based on the above result, I made a planning for 2007 s/s knitwear for middle-aged women.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1998

Aerenchyma development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots is quite important for adaptation to waterlogged or reduced soil conditions. Anatomical observations were carried out to clarify the development of schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchyma in elongating crown roots of rice. The crown roots of 3rd and 4th phytomer were taken from rice plants of the 8th leaf stage grown by hydroponic culture. The schizogenous intercellular spaces in the cortex of crown root tip were observed using a light microscope with semi ultra-thin sections and the lysigenous aerenchyma in mature tissue of crown root were observed using a cryo scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) with freezing fracture method. The schizogenous intercellular spaces in the root tip exist obviously in the middle portion of cortical cell layers close to the root-root cap junction, but not in root cap, stele and outer cell layers of cortex. The air spaces were formed at the junction of four neighbouring cells of inner cortex in the transverse sections, and between longitudinal cell layer connected along the root axis. Although many of those spaces were filled with liquid, some spaces seem to exist as air spaces. The lysigenous aerenchyma in the cortex, which hardly filled with liquid, emerged at 3-4 cm segment from the root tip and increased toward the basal region of root axis. The developing process of lysigenous aerenchyma was primarily separation of a radial row of cells caused by the shrinking and collapsing of cortical cells and then formation of septa along the radial cell rows by the fusion of cell wall with each other. These results suggest that the schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchyma playa role as a passage for the movement of oxygen into the root tip region where oxygen is required for respiration.

• 천문학논총
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2014

We have observed the deuterated methanol, $CH_3OD$, toward the hot core MM1 in the massive star-forming region DR21 (OH) using the Submillimeter Array with a high angular resolution of about 1 arcsecond. The position of the hot core associated with the sub-core MM1a was confirmed to coincide with the continuum peak where an embedded young stellar object is located. The column density of $CH_3OD$ was found to be about $(2{\pm}1){\times}10^{16}cm^{-2}$ toward the MM1a center. The abundance ratio $CH_3OD/CH_3OH$ was measured to be ~ 0.45, which is about the median value for low mass star-forming cores but much larger than those of the massive star-forming cores. The ratio is believed to change depending on, for example, the chemical condition, the temperature and the density of the source. This ratio may further depend on the evolutionary phase especially in the massive-star-forming cores. The sub-core MM1a is thought to be in the very early phase of star formation. This large abundance ratio found in this source indicates that even the massive star-forming cores, during a relatively short period in the very early stage of star formation, may also show a chemical state resulted from the cold and dense pre-collapsing phase, the enhanced deuteration as found in low mass star-forming cores.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2019

랙크식 창고에서 화재가 발생되는 경우 건물이 전소되거나 붕괴되는 상태까지 발생된다. 이러한 현상이 발생되는 이유는 랙크식 창고가 층고가 높고, 물품을 수직으로 적재하고 있어 화재 시 천장에 설치되어 있는 감지기에 의한 조기감지가 어렵고, 그로 인하여 초기에 소화하지 못하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석 프로그램인 Fire dynamic simulator (FDS)를 이용하여 랙크식 창고 내에서 화재 시 발생되는 열과 연기의 유동을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 랙크식 창고 내에서 조기 화재감지를 위한 화재감지기의 최적 설치조건을 확인하였다. 그 결과 랙크식 창고에서 조기 화재감지를 위하여 열과 연기의 복합적인 감지가 필요하며, 복합형 감지기를 랙크의 3 level 마다 설치해야 하며, 정온식 감지기는 랙크식 창고에 적합하지 않은 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2021

한반도 중서부에 위치한 임진강대는, 페름기-트라이아스기에 북중국판과 남중국판이 충돌하여 형성된 친링-다비-술루 대륙충돌대와 지구조적으로 대비되고 있는 지역으로, 지각규모의 전단대, 트러스트 및 습곡 등의 충돌조산운동 관련 지질구조들이 보존되어 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 경기육괴와 접하는 임진강대의 남쪽 경계지역인 문산지역에서 수행한 구조지질 연구결과를 종합하고, 이를 바탕으로 기존에 이 지역에서 일부 연구자들에 의해 대륙충돌로 형성된 조산대 후기 붕괴 단계에 형성된 것으로 제안되었던 지각규모 신장성 경기전단대의 존재와 변형 특성에 관해 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 야외조사를 통해 획득한 지질요소 자료를 바탕으로 문산지역의 구조기하학적 형태를 해석하였고, 노두 및 박편 상에서 확인한 전단감각 지시자로부터 암석 이동과 관련된 키네마틱스를 해석하였다. 이 지역의 가장 주된 지질구조는 동북동-서남서 주향의 광역규모 임진강단층의 상반 및 하반에 발달한 대략 남-북 주향의 힌지를 가지는 지질도규모의 습곡이다. 이 습곡에 대한 키네마틱스 해석 결과는 전단감각들이 습곡의 힌지를 중심으로 양쪽 익부에서 서로 반대 방향으로 대략 동쪽 내지 서쪽을 향함을 지시한다. 또한 문산지역 흑운모편마암과 변성섬장암의 광물 미세변형구조 관찰 결과로부터 유추한 암석의 변형조건은 전형적인 석영-장석질 암석들의 중부지각 소성변형조건에 해당한다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 획득한 문산지역의 구조기하, 키네마틱스 및 미세구조 분석결과는 이 지역에 발달한 전단대가 기존 연구들에서 제안된 대륙충돌 후기에 형성된 지각규모의 신장성 경기전단대보다는, 요굴습곡작용에 의한 지질도규모 습곡의 발달과 관련된 전단운동의 결과일 가능성이 높은 것으로 제안한다. 이와 같은 임진강대 내 대륙충돌의 증거들에 대한 상세한 구조지질학적 검증은 향후 한반도 충돌조산운동에 있어 임진강대의 지구조적 역할에 대한 난제들을 해결하는데 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.