Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5303/PKAS.2014.29.2.029

DEUTERATED METHANOL (CH3OD) IN THE HOT CORE OF THE MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGION DR21 (OH)  

Minh, Young Chol (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute)
Publication Information
Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society / v.29, no.2, 2014 , pp. 29-34 More about this Journal
Abstract
We have observed the deuterated methanol, $CH_3OD$, toward the hot core MM1 in the massive star-forming region DR21 (OH) using the Submillimeter Array with a high angular resolution of about 1 arcsecond. The position of the hot core associated with the sub-core MM1a was confirmed to coincide with the continuum peak where an embedded young stellar object is located. The column density of $CH_3OD$ was found to be about $(2{\pm}1){\times}10^{16}cm^{-2}$ toward the MM1a center. The abundance ratio $CH_3OD/CH_3OH$ was measured to be ~ 0.45, which is about the median value for low mass star-forming cores but much larger than those of the massive star-forming cores. The ratio is believed to change depending on, for example, the chemical condition, the temperature and the density of the source. This ratio may further depend on the evolutionary phase especially in the massive-star-forming cores. The sub-core MM1a is thought to be in the very early phase of star formation. This large abundance ratio found in this source indicates that even the massive star-forming cores, during a relatively short period in the very early stage of star formation, may also show a chemical state resulted from the cold and dense pre-collapsing phase, the enhanced deuteration as found in low mass star-forming cores.
Keywords
ISM; clouds; interstellar molecules; astrochemistry; star formation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Boogert, A. C. A., Pontoppidan, K. M., & Lahuis, F., et al., 2004, Spitzer Space Telescope Spectroscopy of Ices toward Low-Mass Embedded Protostars, ApJ, 154, 359   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Araya, E. D., Kurtz, S., Hofner, P., & Linz, H., 2009, Radio Continuum and Methanol Observations of DR21(OH), ApJ, 698, 1321   DOI
3 Argon, A. L., Reid, M., J., &, Menten, K. M., 2000, Interstellar Hydroxyl Masers in the Galaxy. I. The VLA Survey, ApJS, 129, 159   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Batrla, W. & Menten, K. M., 1988, Detection of a Strong New Maser Line of Methanol Toward DR 21(OH), ApJ, 329, L117   DOI
5 Charnley, S. B., Tielens, A. G. G. M., & Rodgers, S. D., 1997, Deuterated Methanol in the Orion Compact Ridge, ApJ, 482, L203   DOI
6 Fish, V. L., Muehlbrad, T. C., Pratap, P., et al., 2011, First Interferometric Images of the 36 GHz Methanol Masers in the DR21 Complex, ApJ, 729, 14   DOI
7 Genzel, R. & Downes, D., 1977, $H_2O$ in the Galaxy: Sites of Newly formed OB Stars, A&AS, 30, 145
8 Ho, P. T. P., Moran, J. M., & Lo, K. Y., 2004, The Submillimeter Array, ApJ, 616, L1   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Jefferts, K. B., Penzias, A. A., & Wilson, R. W., 1973, Deuterium in the Orion Nebula, ApJ, 179, L57   DOI
10 Kogan, L. & Slysh, V., 1998, VLA Imaging of Class I Methanol Masers at 7 Millimeters with Angular Resolution approximately 0.2 Arcseconds, ApJ, 497, 800   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Mangum, J. C., Wootten, A., & Mundy, L. G., 1991, Synthesis Imaging of the DR 21(OH) Cluster. I - Dust Continuum and C(O-18) Emission, ApJ, 378, 576   DOI
12 Kurtz, S., Cesaroni, R., Churchwell, E., Hofner, P., & Walmsley, M., 2000, in Protostars and Planets IV, ed. V. Mannings, A. P. Boss, & S. S. Russell, 299 (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press)
13 Kurtz, S., Hofner, P., & Alvarez, C. V., 2004, A Catalog of CH3OH 7_0-6_1 A+ Maser Sources in Massive Star-forming Regions, ApJS, 155, 149   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Linsky, J. L., Draine, B. T., Moos, H. W., et al., 2006, What Is the Total Deuterium Abundance in the Local Galactic Disk?, ApJ, 647, 1106   DOI
15 Mauersberger, R., Henkel, C., Jacq, T., & Walmsley, C. M., 1988, Deuterated Methanol in Orion, A&A, 194, L1
16 Neill, J. L., Crockett, N. R., Bergin, E. A., et al., 2013, Deuterated Molecules in Orion KL from Herschel/HIFI, ApJ, 777, 85   DOI
17 Minh, Y. C., Chen, H. -R., Su, Y. -N., & Liu, S. -Y., 2012, SMA Observations of the Hot Cores of DR21(OH), JKAS, 45, 157   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Motte, F., Bontemps, S., Schilke, P., Schneider, N., et al., 2007, The Earliest Phases of High-Mass Star Formation: a 3 Square Degree Millimeter Continuum Mapping of Cygnus X, A&A, 476, 1243   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Nagaoka, A., Watanabe, N., & Kouchi, A., 2005, H-D Substitution in Interstellar Solid Methanol: A Key Route for D Enrichment, ApJ, 624, L29   DOI
20 Norris, R. P., Booth, R. S., Diamond, P. J., & Porter, N. D. 1982, Interferometric Observations of Four Protostellar OH Maser Sources, MNRAS, 201, 191   DOI
21 Parise, B., Ceccarelli, C., Tielens, A. G. G. M., et al., 2006, Testing Grain Surface Chemistry: a Survey of Deuterated Formaldehyde and Methanol in Low-Mass Class 0 Protostars, A&A, 453, 949   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Peng, T. -C., Despois, D., Brouillet, N., et al., 2012, Deuterated Methanol in Orion BN/KL, A&A, 543, 152   DOI
23 Plambeck, R. L. & Menten, K. M., 1990, 95 GHz Methanol Masers Near DR 21 and DR 21(OH), ApJ, 364, 555   DOI
24 Ratajczak, A., Taquet, V., & Kahane, C., et al., 2011, The Puzzling Deuteration of Methanol in Low- to High-Mass Protostars, A&A, 528, L13   DOI
25 Roueff, E. & Gerin, M., 2003, Deuterium in Molecules of the Interstellar Medium, Space Sci. Rev., 106, 61   DOI
26 Viti, S. & Williams, D., 1999, Time-Dependent Evaporation of Icy Mantles in Hot Cores, MNRAS, 305, 755   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Rygl, K. L. J., Brunthaler, A., & Sanna, A., et al., 2012, Parallaxes and Proper Motions of Interstellar Masers toward the Cygnus X Star-Forming Complex. I. Membership of the Cygnus X region, A&A, 539, 79   DOI
28 Schneider, N., Bontemps, S., & Simon, R., et al., 2006, A New View of the Cygnus X Region. KOSMA 13CO 2 to 1, 3 to 2, and 12CO 3 to 2 Imaging, A&A, 458, 855   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Tielens, A. G. G. M., 1983, Surface Chemistry of Deuterated Molecules, A&A, 119, 177
30 Wada, A., Mochizuki, N., & Hiraoka, K., 2006, Methanol Formation from Electron-irradiated Mixed H2O/CH4 Ice at 10 K, ApJ, 644, 300   DOI
31 Weber, A., Hodyss, R., Johnson, P., Willacy, K., & Kanik, I., 2009, Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange in Photolyzed Methane-Water Ices, ApJ, 703, 1030   DOI
32 Zapata, L. A., Loinard, L., & Su, Y. -N., et al., 2012, Millimeter Multiplicity in DR21(OH): Outflows, Molecular Cores, and Envelopes, ApJ, 744, 86   DOI
33 Hudson, R. L. & Moore, M. H., 1999, Laboratory Studies of the Formation of Methanol and Other Organic Molecules by Water+Carbon Monoxide Radiolysis: Relevance to Comets, Icy Satellites, and Interstellar Ices, Icarus, 140, 451   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Rodgers, S. D. & Charnley, S. B., 2002, Multiply Deuterated Molecules and Constraints on Interstellar Chemistry, Planetary and Space Science, 50, 1125   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Woody, D. P., Scott, S. L., & Scoville, N. Z., et al., 1989, Interferometric Observations of 1.4 Millimeter Continuum Sources, ApJ, 337, L41   DOI