• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1332-1338
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• 1999

Intermolecular collagen cross links stabilize collagen fibrils and are necessary for normal tensile strength in collagen fibrils. Once the fibrils are aligned, hydroxyllysine, hydroxylysine derived aldehyde modified enzymatically, reacts with hydroxylysine to form the dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL), an immature crosslink. Pyridinoline, one of matured cross links is presumably formed nonenzymatically through condensation of DHLNL and hydroxylysine residue. It is widely distributed in hard connective tissues such as cartilage, bone and tendon. L ascorbic acid(AsA) is well known to be required for the enzymatic hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen fibrils. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of AsA on the biosynthesis of DHLNL in vitro. We examined the effect of AsA on the formation of hydroxylysine and DHLNL in collagen. Pyridinoline and DHLNL were measured as a function of time. The contents of DHLNL was increased, reached maximum within 2 hr and was held until 24 hr, then it decreased slowly. On the contrary, pyridinoline increased gradually after 24 hr and continued to increase for 2 weeks. Moreover, the contents of DHLNL remarkably decreased at 60 min after incubation, the contents of DHLNL was decreased by addition of AsA or dehydroascorbic acid(DHA). These results suggest that the supplementation of AsA causes decrease in DHLNL formation and pyridinoline formed by nonenzymatic reaction of DHLNL.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2014

To identify new active anti-wrinkle ingredients, this study investigated the anti-wrinkle effects of Schizandra chinensis Baillon fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (SCF) by assessment of cytotoxicity of human dermal fibroblast, collagen biosynthesis, matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) inhibition and elastase inhibition. S. chinensis was fermented with L. rhamnosus for 1 day at $37^{\circ}C$. The cytotoxicity of SCF was evaluated by a cytopathic effect reduction method. Effects on collagen biosynthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) of SCF were evaluated by previous reported method using procollagen type-IC peptide EIA kit and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Biotrack activity Assay Kit, respectively. Elastase inhibition assay was conducted by reaction of enzyme and substrate using N-Suc-$(Ala)_3$-nitroanilide as the substrate. As the results, SCF didn't show cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblast at concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Also, SCF was increased collagen synthesis and showed inhibitory effect of MMP-1 (p < 0.05). In the elastase inhibition assay, the $IC_{50}$ of SCF was $36.4{\mu}g/mL$. Therefore, our results indicated that SCF possesses anti-wrinkle effects and can be used practically for anti-wrinkle care of skin.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.192-202
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• 2003

The wrinkles correspond to the most obvious expression of skin ageing and are manifested by changes on the organization and dermal structure. In the extracellular matrix, decreased quantities of collagens and glycosaminoglycans as well as a deterioration of the fibrillary network is noted, result in a reduction of dermal thickness. In addition, the activity of the collagenases increases in contrast to the synthesis of collagen fibers. Nor are cells spared during the aging process. We thus studied and compared the contractile capacity as well as the synthesis capacity of normal human fibroblasts and human fibroblasts obtained from biopsies of forehead wrinkles. The capacity of the fibroblasts to be adhered to the collagen network and to maintain a three-dimensional structure of dermis was studied on a model of equivalent dermis. The metabolic activity was studied by evaluating the capacities of synthesis of collagen I, main component of dermis. Human fibroblasts resulting from the forehead wrinkle contract less the gel of collagen than the normal human fibroblasts and present an activity of biosynthesis of collagen I less important than normal human fibroblasts. These results show that fibroblasts with aging present a deceleration of their metabolic activity and lose their capacity of adhesion to collagen fibers thus limiting the possibility of organizing the dermal tissue. We investigated the potential of an active ingredient able to compensate for the reduction of the metabolic activity and to restore the contractile capacity of fibroblasts obtained from forehead wrinkles. This effect was compared with a reference molecule: the vitamin C.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2019

To evaluate the protective effect of collagen peptide-coated coffee extract on skin aging, cell viability was measured with a MTT assay using cultured CCD-986sk fibroblasts, and its effect on wrinkles in the skin of hairless mice induced by UVB-irradiation was examined. In addition, its effect on procollagen synthesis and anti-oxidative, and its inhibitory activity against collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase and MMP-1 were analysed. After the 30-minute topical treatment, the animals were exposed to UVB irradiation (60-100 mJ/cm²) for 4 weeks and its intensity increased during the period. Under the experimental conditions set in this study, the skin thickness of hairless mice significantly decreased (11.8-21.3%) compared to the control group. Based on these results, the prolonged oral intake of a collagen peptide mixture with coffee is expected to significantly increase the synthesis of procollagen in dermal fibroblasts, thereby contributing to the alleviation of wrinkling and lowered elasticity due to structural damage to the dermal layer caused by UV. The oral intake of collagen-coated coffee contributes to increasing collagen biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner and alleviates the symptoms of thickened keratin caused by UV irradiation. However, it did not inhibit the enzymes involved in skin aging, whitening, wrinkle improvement, and antioxidation. Based on the these results, it can be concluded that the intake of collagen peptide-coated coffee extract can be utilized as an alternative material for the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with photoaging.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-78
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic and antiinflammatory efficacy of "Gamijoukyungtang(GJKT)". Methods: We studied inhibitory effects of platelet aggregation, FXa activation, $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis and suppressive effects of GPIIb/IIIa activity and oxidative damage, pro-inflammatory cytokine reduction effects of 'GJKT(by press extractor)/GJKT-1(by pressless extractor)' in vitro. Also, we studied suppression of pulmonary embolism, AV shunt model in rats and shortening of Rat tail bleeding time in vivo. Results: GJKT/GJKT-1 extract showed inhibitory effects on GPIIb/IIIaactivities and platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid. They suppressed biosynthesis of $PGE_2$ but GJKT-1 only supressed biosynthesis of $TXB_2$. In FXa assay, they inhibited activation of FXa. they suppressed pulmonary embolism triggered by collagen and epinephrine. In AV shunt model, they decreased the weights of AV shunt thrombus. they inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative damages caused by DPPH. Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-thrombosis, and ant-inflammatory efficacy of 'GJKT(by press extractor)/GJKT-1(by pressless extractor)'.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-82
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity and anti-thrombosis effect of Manbunbang(MBB) prescribed to chronic PID patients. Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet aggregation, suppression effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity and inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis which were caused by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid in vitro. And suppression of pulmonary embolism, changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model and anti-oxidative effect of oxidative damage were studied in vivo. Results: MBB extract showed LD50 of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ or higher in mouse lung fibroblast cells, and significantly decreased the GPT and GPT level in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control. MBB extract showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. MBB extract showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control. MBB extract significantly suppressed TXB2 and PGE2 biosynthesis compared to the control. MBB extract suppressed pulmonary embolism triggered by collagen and epinephrine by 37.5% compared to the control. MBB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control. Concluson : The results strongly suggest the anti-inflammatory activity of Manbunbang through anti-thrombus. Various applications using Manbunbang on inflammatory diseases are anticipated. Anti-oxidative efficacy comparison data between the Manbunbang prescription and the drug compositions may be used as important clinical information, and further investigation of anti-oxidative activities of Chrysanthemum indicum and Rhemaniae Radix should be followed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2013

Ponciri fructus, the unripe fruits of Poncirus trifoliata, are widely used in oriental traditional medicine as a remedy for inflammation, gastritis, emesis, digestive ulcers, allergy, and dysentery. To study the anti-wrinkle effects of Ponciri fructus extract (PFE) containing flavanone glycosides, PFE was fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelia and its biological activities were investigated. In Ponciri fructus extracts fermented with G. lucidum (G-PFE), polyphenol content was $1,021.00{\pm}0.50{\mu}g/mL$ and flavonoid content was $589.41{\pm}0.21{\mu}g/mL$. G-PFE was found to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radical by a dose dependent manner, respectively. G-PFE showed higher antioxidant activity than that of PFE. In addition, the photoprotective properties of G-PFE was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to UVA radiation. G-PFE inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and showed a dose dependent decrease in the expression level of MMP-1. G-PFE also increased collagen biosynthesis in HDF. These results demonstrate that G-PFE could be useful as a potential cosmetic ingredient for anti-wrinkle.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.625-630
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• 2008

This study was undertaken with the aim of developing an easy and quick means of analyzing the effect of various compounds on the synthesis and secretion of human type I collagen at the protein level. A modification of the ELISA method was used on HFF-1 cells. For the proof of concept, we used thirteen compounds most of which are known to be antioxidants. Each compound was tested at concentrations of 0, 10 and $100{\mu}m$ on HFF-1 cells for 24 h. Thirteen sets of experiments for each compound were performed in ANOVA with three replicates. Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used to compare the mean values obtained from the treatment groups. From the results it was concluded that Vitamin C, undecylenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, glycolic acid, and citric acid at $100{\mu}m$ concentration could be used for anti-wrinkling or protection from premature aging, which requires enhancement of collagen synthesis. Lactic acid, EGCG, resveratrol, and retinol that can inhibit collagen synthesis effectively in a dose-dependent manner may be used for anti-fibrosis treatment purposes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1655-1661
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• 2007

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) plays a central role in collagen synthesis by catalyzing the hydroxylation of the proline residue in the X-Pro-Gly amino acid sequence, and controls the biosynthesis of collagen that influences overall meat quality. In order to verify expression level of the catalytic ${\alpha}$ subunit of P4H, a 2.7 kb clone of the ${\alpha}$ subunit gene for P4H was selected from a cDNA library prepared from the muscular tissue of Sancheong berkshire pigs, and the whole gene sequence was determined. As expression level of the ${\alpha}$ subunit of P4H differed between tissues of pigs, we intended to assess more precisely the level of ${\alpha}$-subunit expression between tissues of Sancheong Berkshire pigs by using RT-PCR. Muscular and adipose tissues were taken from each pig grouped by growth stage (weighing 60, 80, and 110 kg) of Yorkshire and Sancheong Berkshire pigs, and the expression levels of the ${\alpha}$-subunit of P4H were examined. Since there were significant differences in the expression level with respect to variation in growth stage (p<0.01), an attempt was made to identify any influences of pig species and tissue variation. The muscular and adipose tissues of pigs weighing 110 kg showed higher expression levels than pigs weighing 60 kg and 80 kg. In general, significantly higher expression levels were found in muscular than in adipose tissue. The expression levels in Sancheong Berkshire were significantly higher than in Yorkshire pigs (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Since expression level of the ${\alpha}$-subunit of P4H affects the activity of P4H and is connected to the biosynthesis of collagen and increased collagen can improve meat texture, this finding may explain why meat quality of the Sancheong Berkshire pig is acclaimed in Korea. Given the higher expression levels of the ${\alpha}$-subunit gene in adipose than in muscular tissue, and also in the heavier pigs, more intensive studies are required to assess the correlation between expression level of the ${\alpha}$ subunit gene and overall meat quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

L-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential nutrient for prevention of scurvy in humans, primates and guinea pigs that lack $L-gulono-\gamma-lactone$ oxidase which is required for the final step of AsA biosynthesis. AsA participates in various hydroxylation reactions involved in the biosynthesis of collagen. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of AsA on collagen synthesis in 3T6 fibroblasts and primary cultured cells of chondrocytes. Cells were cultured in medium supplemented with catalase and AsA at various concentration. Supplement of AsA induced collagen synthesis in 3T6 fibroblasts and primary cultured cells of chondrocytes. The most remarkable induction of collagen synthesis by AsA was found in primary cultured chondrocytes. The content of collagen representing the amounts of extracellular matrix significantly increased in the cells of which growth was stimulated by AsA, while it decreased with increasing passage numbers of subculture in cells. It showed that the content of collagen decreased in the medium which contained AsA at the concentration higher than 5.0 mM. However, the contents of collagen to DNA were not different among various AsA concentrations. Supplementing with AsA resulted in enhancement of collagen formation and extracellular matrix. Therefore, there might be a Positive correlation between the activity of catalase and the AsA concentration. Moreover, it can be assumed that AsA stimulates the collagen synthesis by optimizing the cell-culture environment.