• Educational Technology International
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-75
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify patterns of learner behaviors, conflicting and facilitating factors during collaborative work in an online learning community(OLC). This study further seeks to investigate the difference of learner behaviors between high- and low-performing groups, and conflicting and facilitating factors. The online postings from four groups(19 students) in the spring semester(study 1) and six groups(24 students) in the fall semester(study 2) were analyzed. A coding scheme was generated based on constant comparison using the qualitative data analysis tool, NVivo. The analysis identified 7 categories of learner behaviors in both studies. Among the seven categories, information seeking and co-construction were most frequently observed in both studies. One evident difference between the high- and low-performing groups was that the high-performing groups revealed more incidents of learner behaviors in both studies. In addition, six categories of conflicting factors and five categories of facilitating factors were emerged in both studies. The inefficiency of work category was one of the most frequently observed categories in both studies. Interestingly, the high-performing groups showed more incidents of conflicting factors than the low-performing groups. This study revealed two different types of conflicting factors and there is a need for different moderating strategies depending on its type. Based on the results of the study, effective design strategies for an OLC to facilitate active learning were suggested.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-188
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• 2008

This study suggests strategies which can enable to creation of new opportunities of competitive advantages while operating a long lasting and consistent business with major trading partners, based on interorganizational information systems (IOISs) specially established and installed for interorganizational transactions. Nowadays, IOISs based mechanism having been widely expanded as a conventional business infrastructure for the interorganizational transactions and/or exchanges, it is customary difficult to obtain any strongly sound advantage over the competitors who have adopted even the simplest deployment of the IOIS mechanisms. In this connection, this study intends to investigate the interorganizational collaborative activities conducted by under the auspicious of IOISs, focused on the prospect of the exploitation of IOISs rather than the implementation of the IOISs. In this study, we, firstly, suggest the concept of Electronic Collaboration which can be defined by the collaborative activities conducted by IOISs, compared to the ones conducted on off-line. In addition, we suggest the Electronic Collaboration as a multi-dimensional concept, constituted by three sub-constructs, the Electronic Information Sharing (EIS), the Electronic Joint Activity (EJA), and the construction of the Electronic Relational Knowledge Store (ERKS). Secondly, we empirically verify the effects of relational and environmental determinants on the Electronic Collaboration. In this study, the relational determinants relate to the variables created in interorganizational relationship like Trust, Influence, Relational Specific Asset-asset invested for the transaction-, and Continuity of the relationship. On the other hand, the environmental determinants relate to the variables surrounding the relationship which are difficult to control. We consider Product Complexity, Technological Uncertainty, and Market Variability as the domain of the environmental determinants. To test our hypotheses, we conducted both paper-based survey and online-based survey. After refining the data with missing responses, a total of 150 data was used for analysis. The results were as follows : Firstly, it is statistically significant that the Electronic Collaboration is composed of EIS, EJA, and ERKS. In particular, the results imply that the firms are able to accumulate relational knowledge base as well as to exchange information or knowledge, and to conduct joint activities through effort to further expand the Electronic Collaboration. Secondly, we have verified the individual effects of the relational and the environmental determinants on the Electronic Collaboration. Product Complexity has been revealed as the most influential variable affecting the Electronic Collaboration. Next, Interorganizational Trust and Technological Uncertainty, in that order, have been seen to have significant effects on the Electronic Collaboration. In other words, when products or services seem to be difficult to standardize, and the core technologies seem to rapidly change, the need for the Electronic Collaboration increase. In addition, the observation dictates that the interorganizational trust turns out to be a critical variable in building a relationship and in seeking further collaboration. The results, further, illustrate that the environmental determinants are relatively more effective than the relational determinants, which is not consistent with a few prior researches relational determinants emphasized. It is because this study doesn't consider the size of the firm. A few researchers have given an emphasis on the relational determinants like trust and influence, especially from the perspective of small firms in interorganizational relationship. However, in our study, where all the sizes of the firms are contained, electronic collaboration is considerably affected by the environmental determinants.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-171
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• 2005

As the mobile telecommunications industry in Korea boasts record-high revenue from its businesses, consumers and other industries are looking for new business applications and opportunities using mobile technologies. Many firms are seeking guidelines or business models for an effective use of this new mobile technology in their operations. This paper reviews the characteristics that distinguish mobile marketing, and analyzes marketing approaches which utilize the potential of the new mobile technologies. This paper shows that the new mobile advertising channel is not only complementary to traditional marketing channels, but also delivers benefits for multiple parties involved in mobile marketing. The key success factors in the new OB (Oriental Brewery) marketing campaign include a shortening of the stages in the AIDMA model and a broadening of customer contact points by exposing the brand through well-coordinated marketing efforts. The OB case shows that a mutually beneficial relationship between co-marketing participants can lead to a win-win marketing strategy. It also highlights that collaborative channel management in mobile marketing methodology is critical for successful mobile marketing.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2021

The adaptive sparse representation (ASR) can effectively combine the structure information of a sample dictionary and the sparsity of coding coefficients. This algorithm can effectively consider the correlation between training samples and convert between sparse representation-based classifier (SRC) and collaborative representation classification (CRC) under different training samples. Unlike SRC and CRC which use fixed norm constraints, ASR can adaptively adjust the constraints based on the correlation between different training samples, seeking a balance between l₁ and l₂ norm, greatly strengthening the robustness and adaptability of the classification algorithm. The correlation coefficients (CC) can better identify the pixels with strong correlation. Therefore, this article proposes a hyperspectral image classification method called correlation coefficients and adaptive sparse representation (CCASR), based on ASR and CC. This method is divided into three steps. In the first step, we determine the pixel to be measured and calculate the CC value between the pixel to be tested and various training samples. Then we represent the pixel using ASR and calculate the reconstruction error corresponding to each category. Finally, the target pixels are classified according to the reconstruction error and the CC value. In this article, a new hyperspectral image classification method is proposed by fusing CC and ASR. The method in this paper is verified through two sets of experimental data. In the hyperspectral image (Indian Pines), the overall accuracy of CCASR has reached 0.9596. In the hyperspectral images taken by HIS-300, the classification results show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method achieves 0.9354, which is better than other commonly used methods.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1226-1236
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• 2022

Because students majoring in construction-related fields must develop a broad repository of knowledge and skills, effective transferal of these is the primary focus of most academic programs. While inculcation of this body of knowledge is certainly critical, actual construction projects are complicated ventures that involve levels of risk and uncertainty, such as resistant neighboring communities, unforeseen weather conditions, escalating material costs, labor shortages and strikes, accidents on jobsites, challenges with emerging forms of technology, etc. Learning how to develop a level of discernment about potential ways to handle such uncertainty often takes years of costly trial-and-error in the proverbial "school of hard knocks." There is therefore a need to proactively expedite the development of a sharpened intuition when making decisions. The AGC Education and Research Foundation case study committee was formed to address this need. Since its inception in 2011, 14 freely downloadable case studies have thus far been jointly developed by an academics and industry practitioners to help educators elicit varied responses from students about potential ways to respond when facing an actual project dilemma. AGC case studies are typically designed to focus on a particular concern and topics have thus far included: ethics, site logistics planning, financial management, prefabrication and modularization, safety, lean practices, preconstruction planning, subcontractor management, collaborative teamwork, sustainable construction, mobile technology, and building information modeling (BIM). This session will include an overview of the history and intent of the AGC case study program, as well as lively interactive demonstrations and discussions on how case studies can be used both by educators within a typical academic setting, as well as by industry practitioners seeking a novel tool for their in-house training programs.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-246
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• 2018

This study is a basic research about present management condition of the School Library Committee. It conducted a survey on school librarian about the general present condition of School Library Committee and the need for it, the management/role/role performing ability of the council members, and difficulties they face in terms of management. 59 respondents submitted their responses and main results demonstrated that first, 94.9% of the universities the respondents are working for are running School Library Committee and the rate of configuration of the chairperson, vice chairperson, parent/teacher members of the committee are over 80%; second, teacher members of the committee were less active in role playing but are seeking more expectations and collaborations; third, School Library Committee is necessary for school library services and its management but is facing difficulty due to the lack of teachers' participation and collaboration. Based on the main results, this research suggests the codification/elaboration of School Library operation policies at the Education Office level, regulation of education training which deals with the role and obligations of the Student Library Committee and construction of public library-school library collaborative system which can facilitate appointment of outside committee members.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-43
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• 2014

The Pareto principle, also known as the 80-20 rule, states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes for many events including natural phenomena. It has been recognized as a golden rule in business with a wide application of such discovery like 20 percent of customers resulting in 80 percent of total sales. On the other hand, the Long Tail theory, pointing out that "the trivial many" produces more value than "the vital few," has gained popularity in recent times with a tremendous reduction of distribution and inventory costs through the development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology). This study started with a view to illuminating how these two primary business paradigms-Pareto principle and Long Tail theory-relates to the success of virtual knowledge collaboration. The importance of virtual knowledge collaboration is soaring in this era of globalization and virtualization transcending geographical and temporal constraints. Many previous studies on knowledge sharing have focused on the factors to affect knowledge sharing, seeking to boost individual knowledge sharing and resolve the social dilemma caused from the fact that rational individuals are likely to rather consume than contribute knowledge. Knowledge collaboration can be defined as the creation of knowledge by not only sharing knowledge, but also by transforming and integrating such knowledge. In this perspective of knowledge collaboration, the relative distribution of knowledge sharing among participants can count as much as the absolute amounts of individual knowledge sharing. In particular, whether the more contribution of the upper 20 percent of participants in knowledge sharing will enhance the efficiency of overall knowledge collaboration is an issue of interest. This study deals with the effect of this sort of knowledge sharing distribution on the efficiency of knowledge collaboration and is extended to reflect the work characteristics. All analyses were conducted based on actual data instead of self-reported questionnaire surveys. More specifically, we analyzed the collaborative behaviors of editors of 2,978 English Wikipedia featured articles, which are the best quality grade of articles in English Wikipedia. We adopted Pareto ratio, the ratio of the number of knowledge contribution of the upper 20 percent of participants to the total number of knowledge contribution made by the total participants of an article group, to examine the effect of Pareto principle. In addition, Gini coefficient, which represents the inequality of income among a group of people, was applied to reveal the effect of inequality of knowledge contribution. Hypotheses were set up based on the assumption that the higher ratio of knowledge contribution by more highly motivated participants will lead to the higher collaboration efficiency, but if the ratio gets too high, the collaboration efficiency will be exacerbated because overall informational diversity is threatened and knowledge contribution of less motivated participants is intimidated. Cox regression models were formulated for each of the focal variables-Pareto ratio and Gini coefficient-with seven control variables such as the number of editors involved in an article, the average time length between successive edits of an article, the number of sections a featured article has, etc. The dependent variable of the Cox models is the time spent from article initiation to promotion to the featured article level, indicating the efficiency of knowledge collaboration. To examine whether the effects of the focal variables vary depending on the characteristics of a group task, we classified 2,978 featured articles into two categories: Academic and Non-academic. Academic articles refer to at least one paper published at an SCI, SSCI, A&HCI, or SCIE journal. We assumed that academic articles are more complex, entail more information processing and problem solving, and thus require more skill variety and expertise. The analysis results indicate the followings; First, Pareto ratio and inequality of knowledge sharing relates in a curvilinear fashion to the collaboration efficiency in an online community, promoting it to an optimal point and undermining it thereafter. Second, the curvilinear effect of Pareto ratio and inequality of knowledge sharing on the collaboration efficiency is more sensitive with a more academic task in an online community.