• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.141-145
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• 2008

In this paper, non working day for the construction project in Cheongju region considering weather condition for 30 years from 1971 to 2000 and 10 years from 1991 to 2000 as statistical periods was estimated. In Cheongju region, there was no remarkable difference between them because non working day for outside and half outside work was 157days and for interior work 144days at statistics for 30 years., and utside and half outside work was 159days and for interior work 142days at statistics for 10 years.. However, non working day due to high temperature is slightly increased, and non working day due to cold weather is slightly decreased in the case that the recent statistical data was used caused by global warming. Non working day due to rainfall was 23 days at statistics for 30 years, and it was 28 days at statistics for 10 years.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.314-339
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• 1982

Fluctuating climate is still most important environmental constrain, although improved modem agricultural technology has succeeded to increase crop production in the world. To stabilize the food production under fluctuating weather conditions, it is very needed to obain the quantitative information of interactions between crops and climate. The main purpose of this paper is three hold. Using the JIBP-data, the dry matter accumulation of rice crops is studied in relation to weather indexes (\SigmaTa and \SigmaSt). Temperature dependence of the yield index of rice is analyzed as to air temperature and water temperature. \SigmaT$_{10}$ -fluctuations are studied using meteorological data at various stations. The possible shift of \SigmaT$_{10}$ -isopleths due to climate fluctuation is evaluated. The second interest is in the plant climate of rice crops. Using results of canopy photosynthesis, it is pointed that the canopy structure has most important implication in plant climate. Leaf-air, stomatal, and mesophyll resistances of rice crops are described in relation to weather conditions. The change in light condition and aerodynamical property of rice crops with the growth is illustrated. The energy partition is also studied at different growing stages. Third point is to show in more detail effective countermeasures against cold irrigation water and cool summer. Heat balance of warming pond and polyethylene tube as a heat exchanger is studied to make nomo-grams for evaluating the necessary area and necessary length. Effects of windbreak net on rice crops are illustrated by using experimental and simulation results.lts.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.539-541
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• 2009

A severely cold weather condition of King Sejong Station, Antarctica becomes a very severe condition for an installation/operation of wind generation system. When the existing wind generation system works, it may cause a damage and destruction of wind generation system and can bring about big problems in terms of the power quality. Accordingly, it is essential to obtain technologies for the installation and operation of small wind generation system for the polar region's wind generation, and to assess and demonstrate the performance in the severely-cold environment and the polar wind generation system's development, supplementation, alteration. Also, as the available power of King Sejong Station, Antarctica, the diesel generator has been mainly used, and the wind generator has been used in the hybrid form. Wind generation and diesel generation has the different load following control each other. In the wind generation, the generated power very rapidly changes according to the change of the velocity of the wind. On the other hand, the diesel generation shows very gentle change in the velocity of output. Therefore, the study is intended to analyze the 10kw small wind generator-diesel generator's power quality of King Sejong Station, Antarctica, which is the hybrid system installation area.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.47-49
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• 2012

Under this study, the characteristics of concrete intensity condition following the curing method under the extremely low temperature environment have been contemplated, and as a result, in the event of insulation + heat cable curing, the intensity and accumulated temperature accomplishment period is required for two times of requiring initial frost damage prevention than the case of heating + heat insulation curing method due to the insufficient calories supplied in general.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1992

The paper manufactories in Sangpyeong Industrial Estates, Chinju, produce more than 80 tons of paper-mill sludge cakes every day, which costs about 840 million won for dump per year. Since the paper-mill sludge is biodegradable, the sludge can he utilized as an organic fertilizer if it is properly decomposed. This may lead to not only dramatic cut of the treatment cost but prevention from secondary environmental contamination due to dump. The primary objective of the study was to explore the quantitative range of major enviromental parameters influencing early composting of paper-mill cakes, naturally pretreated in warn and cold weather. The automatically-controlled reactor was designed, manufactured, and operated for nine days to decompose about 2201 of raw sludge cakes. Four tests(Test 1-Test 4) were implemented for the study of Phase I. Treatments of two levels of initial temperature (40˚C and 28˚C) and two levels of water content + C/N ratio (35% + 40 and 63% + 80) were made to test the significance of their parameters for decomposition of raw sludge cakes pretreated in warm weather. Another four tests (Test 5- Test 8) were implemented for the study of Phase II. Treatments of initial temperature and water content(W/C) + C/N ratio of raw sludge pretreated in cold weather were made to 16˚C and 13% +58 for Test 5, 6˚C and 53% +55 for Test 6, 7˚C and 36% +81 for Test 7, 31˚C and 30% +81 for Test 8. Natural weater condition(pretreatment condition) revealed the importance m composting of the paper-mill sludge cakes. Combination of water content adjustment to about 30% with C/N ratio amendment of about 20 and initial temperature of 30~40˚C was concluded to be the best for early composting of paper-mill sludge cakes with aeration rate and pH fixed. Temperature and C/N ratio were adapted as judging variables for composting degree. In addition, tests for microbial activity were performed to validate the experimental results. Since the temperature and C/N ratio did not coincide in some tests as judging variables for the maturity of the composting sludges, taking one of these parameters could mislead the concept of the maturity (composting conceptually new criterion to provide more reliable information for early composting of paper-mill sludge cakes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2003

본 연구는 한중콘크리트 시공 시 초기보온 대책 중 가장 손쉽고 경제적일 것으로 사료되는 단열 보온양생을 대상으로 하였다. 실험은 한중콘크리트 시공조건을 상정하여 기존 거푸집과 각종 단열재 조합에 따른 단열거푸집간의 온도이력을 검토하여 효율적인 단열거푸집을 개발하고자 하였다. 실험결과 $-10^{\circ}C$ 일정인 외기온도 조건에서 벽용 거푸집의 경우, 일반 유로폼인 경우는 초기 24시간 이전에 급속한 온도저하에 의해 $0^{\circ}C$ 이하로 약 7시간 정도 지속되었고, PP＋스티로폼＋합판인 경우는 영상의 온도를 유지하고, 강도발현도 우수하며, 단열거푸집간 비교적 가격도 저렴하여 우수한 단열거푸집임이 밝혀졌다. 슬래브용 거푸집 실험의 경우, 하부는 단열거푸집으로 고정하고, 콘크리트 표면 양생방법을 달리하였을 때, 콘크리트의 온도이력을 측정한 결과, 노출시킨 경우 약 10시간 이후부터 영하로 저하하였고, 비닐+양생포의 경우 약 42시간 이후부터 영하로 저하하였다. 반면, 비닐＋스티로폼+양생포를 사용한 양생의 경우에는 약 55시간 이후부터 영하로 저하하여 노출이나 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 비닐＋양생포와 비교하여 우수한 단열효과임이 밝혀졌다. 7일 및 28일에 있어 슬래브의 코어 압축강도를 측정한 결과는 단열재를 사용하였을 때 크게 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2013

여름철 서중 콘크리트 타설시 높은 온도로 인하여 시멘트 수화반응이 촉진되어 수분의 증발 및 응결이 빨라지게 되며, 이로 인해 컨시스턴시(consistency)가 크게 저하되고, 콜드조인트(cold joint)가 발생한다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위하여 냉각 파이프, 얼음, 액체질소 등을 사용한 냉각 등의 방법이 사용되고 있으나, 사용상의 어려움과 에너지 소비에 따른 경제성 감소 등의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이 중 지연제의 사용은 경제적이지만 첨가량을 과도하게 사용하면 콘크리트의 경화불량이 발생하기 쉽고, 응결시간 관리가 어려울 수 있다. 또한, 현재 지연제의 인력투입으로 인한 정확한 계량 및 투입이 어렵고 분진발생 등 작업성에 문제가 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 분말형 지연제를 의약분야에서 보편적으로 사용하는 정제화 방법을 이용하여 타블렛을 제작하였고, 모르타르의 플로우 테스트 및 응결 시험을 검토한 이 후 콘크리트의 물리적 특성 및 역학적 특성 시험을 실시하여 품질성능에 영향을 미치는지 확인 하였다. 그 결과 리그닌 설폰산염 지연제보다 글루코산염 지연제를 정제화 했을 때 보다 좋은 효과를 발휘 하는 것을 보여 주었다. 또한, 정제화 방법 적용으로 인해 콘크리트의 품질성능을 저하하지 않고 정확한 계량 및 분진발생 등과 같은 관리상의 어려움을 해결할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2015

이 연구에서는 혹한기 환경에서 매스부재에서 수화열을 고려한 고강도 콘크리트의 실제 압축강도 특성을 평가하였다. 목업 실험체는 가로${\times}$세로${\times}$높이가 $2.0{\times}1.2{\times}1.0m$로 제작하였다. 콘크리트 현장 압축강도 발현 특성은 $5^{\circ}C$에서 기건양생된 원주형 공시체와 수화열의 영향이 반영된 목업 벽체에서 채취된 코어 실험체를 비교하였다. 실험결과, 목업 벽체에서 채취된 코어의 재령 3일까지 압축강도는 실린더 강도에 비해 30% 높았는데, 이는 시멘트계 재료의 수화열에 의한 고온의 양생온도 효과 때문이다. 또한 성숙도 함수에 기반한 예측모델과 실험결과의 비교로부터 매스 부재에서 콘크리트의 현장 압축강도 발현을 합리적으로 평가하기 위해서는 수화열의 양생효과를 고려할 필요가 있음이 제시될 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.997-1000
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• 2008

동절기 공사시에는 낮은 외기온에 기인하여 콘크리트의 조기강도 발현이 취약하게 된다. 특히, 동절기 공사중, 외부의 절취면을 대상으로 Nail를 삽입함으로서 사면 전체를 일체화시키는 Soil Nailing 공법을 적용하는 경우에는 낮은 외기온에 기인한 Shotcrete의 강도발현에 많은 어려움이 있을 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 상기의 어려움을 해결할 목적으로, 시멘트 생산공정 중 부수적으로 발생되는 초미립자 시멘트(이하 미립자 시멘트라 칭함)를 이용하여 동절기 Shotcrete공사의 조기강도 발현성능을 확보하고자 하였다. 실험결과, 외기온이 최저 $-9^{\circ}C$의 극저온 조건이라 할지라도 미립자 시멘트를 100% 사용하면서, 간단한 비닐보양 양생을 실시한다면 약 5일 정도의 단기재령만으로도 설계기준강도를 만족하는 우수한 품질의 Shotcrete를 경제적으로 제조 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2004

This paper delineated the ecology including movement (departure from the rookery and returning to the rookery), egg-laying, and hatch of the penguins occurred in the cold years and a less cold year in the vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula. The years of 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1995 were selected as cold years and the year of 2001 was selected as a less cold year based on the mean annual temperature of the years. Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) left their rookery in May, meanwhile some remained around the station. They returned in middle-September in the less cold .year, and returned in late-September to early-October in the cold years. Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) left their rookery in early-April in the cold years as well as in the less cold year without exception. They returned to the rookery in late-October to early-November in cold years, meanwhile in early-October in the less cold year. This difference in the returning of this bird seems to be related with the exposed sea water, i.e., sea ice condition to feed in the sea. The global warming will lead to the appearance of birds which breed in the Sub-Antarctic. For example, one pair of King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) was observed in the Maxwell Bay in austral summer. And a pair of snide-like bird was recently observed for the first time in November 2001 at the penguin rookery located in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. And it will also lead to the disappearance of an Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) which appeared in the full winter when Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove were frozen. It seems that the behaviour of the penguins observed around the station shows the complex effects of the ecology of the birds in combination with the natural environments, which include feeding strategy and areas, animal Instincts, exposed terrain related to weather conditions, and globa1 warming. It is necessary to take further observation and carry out systematic researches on the birds including penguins around the station which show the ecology of the birds as well as the environmental changes.