• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.388-398
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• 1981

Fourteen Infants with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical Intervention within the first 12 months of life. There were eight patients with ventricular septal defect, two with total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], and the remainders with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries [d-TGA], Taussing-Bing malformation, and coronary A-V fistula. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 12 months, with a mean age of 9.9 months. The mean weight was 6.7 Kg [3.8 to 9.5 KS]. Congestive heart failure persisting despite intensive medical treatment was present In 8 patients [56%], and was the most common indication for operation. Early operation was necessary in 5 of these patients [35%], because of failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infection. In one patient with TOF, frequent hypoxic spell prompted the necessity for early operation. In cases of VSD, TAP. VR, TOF, and coronary A-V fistula, Intracardiac repair was done with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, chemical cold cardioplegia, and topical myocardial cooling. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with surface induced cooling, followed by core cooling and core rewarming, was employed .for better exposure in the cases of d-TGA and Taussing-Bing malformation. The results were however, not satisfactory. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. There were no deaths in the eight patients with VSD. The one with coronary A-V fistula survived. The other 5 cases all expired either on the table or immediately after operation. The non-fatal post-operative complications included low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, bleeding, and temporary A-V block. The causes of death were prolonged circulatory arrest time in d-TGA, complete A-V block and low cardiac output in TOF and Taussing-Bing malformation and prolonged bypass time and Inadequate correction in TAPVR.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.150-150
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• 2022

Plant reproduction associated with crop yields is highly vulnerable to global climate change components such as high and cold temperatures. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of season-high exposure to temperature treatments in pollen morphology on Adzuki bean (V. angularis) and Mung bean (V. radiate). V. angularis and V. radiata were treated at high temperatures in the high temperature gradient greenhouse designed to cause temperature deviation. The pollen shapes treated at high temperature were compared by an electron scanning microscope. As a result, it was confirmed that the number of abnormal pollens morphology at high temperature was the least in V. radiata, and V. angularis was vulnerable to high temperatures. Also, it was found that the number of abnormal pollen morphology atT4 (Con +5~6℃) varied according to the cultivars of V. angularis. Therefore, the differences in Vigna species or cultivars with thermo-tolerance in pollen morphology to high temperature are projected to occur in the changeable future climate.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2023

In this study, cryopreservation by droplet-vitrification was applied to pear (Pyrus spp.) germplasm. We focused on the development and assessment of various strategies for the selection of suitable tissue, osmoprotection, and dehydration. We also evaluated post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved explants by droplet-vitrification. Preferentially, we tested the effects of preculture and loading treatments to determine which tissues were more suitable, either the apical shoot tips or the axillary buds. Apical shoot tips showed the better regrowth rate than in vitro axillary buds. The most effective techniques for cryopreservation were as follows. Shoots from in vitro seedlings which had been cultured for about 5-6 weeks were cold-hardened at 4℃ for one week, excised shoot tips were precultured on liquid MS medium including 0.3 M sucrose for 31 hours and 0.7 M sucrose for 17 hours, osmoprotected in loading solution (LS) for 40 min, and then cryoprotected in dehydration solution (PVS3) for 90 min. In addition, we found that regrowth rates of explants on regrowth medium after exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN) were higher than those on MS medium. Results indicated that the highest regrowth percentage was 95.6% for 'Bartlett' cultivar and 68.9% for 'BaeYun No.3' cultivar. Consequently, apical shoot tips of two pear cultivars, 'Bartlett' (P. communis) and 'BaeYun No.3' (P. pyrifolia), were successfully cryopreserved by droplet-vitrification. Results of this study show that the enhanced droplet-vitrification method described in the present study could be used as an effective means for long-term storage of pear genetic resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2016

Exposure to cold may affect growth performance in accordance with the metabolic and immunological activities of animals. We evaluated whether ambient temperature affects growth performance, blood metabolites, and immune cell populations in Korean cattle. Eighteen Korean cattle steers with a mean age of 10 months and a mean weight of 277 kg were used. All steers were fed a growing stage-concentrate diet at a rate of 1.5% of body weight and Timothy hay ad libitum for 8 weeks. Experimental period 1 (P1) was for four weeks from March 7 to April 3 and period 2 (P2) was four weeks from April 4 to May 1. Mean ($8.7^{\circ}C$) and minimum ($1.0^{\circ}C$) indoor ambient temperatures during P1 were lower (p<0.001) than those ($13.0^{\circ}C$ and $6.2^{\circ}C$, respectively) during P2. Daily dry matter feed intake in both the concentrate diet and forage groups was higher (p<0.001) during P2 than P1. Average daily weight gain was higher (p<0.001) during P2 (1.38 kg/d) than P1 (1.13 kg/d). Feed efficiency during P2 was higher (p = 0.015) than P1. Blood was collected three times; on March 7, April 4, and May 2. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were higher on March 7 than April 4 and May 2. Blood cortisol, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations did not differ among months. Blood CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ T cell percentages were higher, while CD8+CD25+ T cell percentage was lower, during the colder month of March than during May, suggesting that ambient temperature affects blood T cell populations. In conclusion, colder ambient temperature decreased growth and feed efficiency in Korean cattle steers. The higher circulating NEFA concentrations observed in March compared to April suggest that lipolysis may occur at colder ambient temperatures to generate heat and maintain body temperature, resulting in lower feed efficiency in March.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

수산물 중 포름알데히드 함량 수준을 평가하기 위하여 어류, 패류, 갑각류 및 연체류 14종을 비교 분석하였다. 수산물 중 포름알데히드 함량은 0.07 mg/kg에서 최고 73.74 mg/kg 수준으로 측정되었다. 어류에서의 함량은 평균 1.29 mg/kg, 패류에서의 함량은 평균 1.70 mg/kg, 갑각류의 경우 평균 7.90 mg/kg으로 어류와 패류에 비교해 유의적으로 높았으며, 특히 꽃게의 경우 최대 73.74 mg/kg까지 함유되어 있었다. 연체류에서의 함량은 평균 3.06 mg/kg수준으로 평가되었다. 유통형태에 따른 함량에서는 대체적으로 살아있는 상태로 유통되는 활어나 활패의 경우 냉장, 냉동 유통보다 낮은 함량을 보였다. 이는 포름알데히드가 사후에 여러 가지 복잡한 과정을 거쳐서 생성되는 것과 함께 수산물에 특이적인 물질인 TMAO가 사후 효소분해 등의 여러 기작을 통해 DMA와 포름알데히드로 분해되어 증가하기 때문인 것(18-21)으로 사료된다. '국민영양조사'와 '영양 및 위해평가 시스템 구축' 연구보고서를 참고하여 노출량 평가를 한 결과, 대상 수산물에 대한 한국인의 평균 일일 섭취량으로 섭취되는 포름알데히드는 0.070 mg/day로 ADI의 0.58% 수준밖에 되지 않았으며, 극단적인 섭취량 평가를 위한 99th 수준에서 섭취되는 포름알데히드는 1.574 mg/day로 ADI의 13.12%에 불과하여 안전한 수준이지만, 더 정확한 노출량 평가를 위해서는 다른 수산물을 포함한 식품에 대한 포름알데히드 함량의 조사와 더불어 섭취량 조사 또한 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1996

This study was designed to survey exposure levels of formaldehyde among workplaces in some plywood industries and to compare three sampling methods including the impinger method(IM, NIOSH method No. 3500), the solid sorbent tube method(SS, NIOSH method No. 2541), and the passive bubbler monitor method(PB, SKC). The survey was conducted in seven particle board manufacturing factories, two resin manufacturing factories and two plywood manufacturing factories in Incheon area during the period from March 6 to April 20, 1995. The workplaces included were the hot/cold press, the roller/spreader, the soaking/drying, and the reaction/mixing areas. The results were as follows; 1. The average(GM, GSD) concentrations of formaldehyde by sampling methods were 0.11(4.43) ppm by IM, 0.27(2.03) ppm by SS, and 0.29(2.04) ppm by PB, respectively. The concentrations by 1M method were statistically very significantly lower than those of SS and PB methods, particularly at low air borne concentrations of formaldehyde (p<0.001). 2. The area average concentrations of formaldehyde by workplaces measured with PB bubblers were 0.23(2.08) ppm from the press, 0.23(1.77) ppm from the spreader, 0.24(1.51) ppm from the soaking, and 0.46(1.96) ppm from the reaction areas, respectively. The personal average concentrations of formaldehyde by workplaces measured with PB bubblers were 0.30(1.77) ppm from the press, 0.33(1.54) ppm from the spreader, 0.36(1.46) ppm from the soaking, and 0.84(1.19) ppm from the reaction areas, respectively. 3. No statistically significant differences of formaldehyde concentrations among workplaces except the reaction area(p<0.001) were found. 4. Formaldehyde concentrations from personal samples were higher than those of from area sam pies in all workplaces studied. But no statistically significant differences of formaldehyde concentrations both area and personal samples were found. In conclusion, this study found that although formaldehyde concentrations in some plywood industries in Incheon area were below the regulatory limit of 1 ppm, they were over the limits recommended by NIOSH and ACGIH. This study also suggests that the impinger method may underestimate true formaldehyde concentrations. It implies that there will be more workplaces not meeting current regulatory limit if either the solid sorbent or passive bubbler methods were used instead of the impinger method. It is suggested that passive monitors will be a reasonable alternative for area and personal sampling of formaldehyde if the accuracy and validity of passive monitors be verified before use.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.168-186
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• 1979

Three hundred gram of Korean ginseng root was extracted with 95% ethanol on a boiling water bath for about 300 hr. Evaporation of alcohol yieled 50.2g of dark brown residue which was used by dissolving 4 mg of the residue in 1 ml of physiological saline. The ginseng group and the saline group received each day 0.5 ml per 100 g body weight of ginseng extract and physiological saline, respectively. Both the ginseng and saline group with stress were exposed to positive radial acceleration (1∼29g), cold (5$^{\circ}C$, 0$^{\circ}C$ &-10$^{\circ}C$) and heat (35$^{\circ}C$) environment, and surgical stress. After termination of the last stress, the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, rectal temperature, the number of erythrocyte and leucocyte, hemoglobin level, hematocrit ratio, total serum protein content and it's fraction and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid in the experimental animal exposed to stress were measured and at the corresponding periods, the same measurements were also carried out with the ginseng and the saline groups without stress exposure (serving as control). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Administration of ginseng does depressed the decrease of the tolerance, body weight, visceral organ weight, basal metabolism rate, the number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin value, hematocrit ratio and the A/G ratio in the mice and rats exposed to various stress. 2. The change of the rectal temperature, eosinophile counts, total serum protein content and the content of adrenal ascorbic acid of ginseng group that exposured to various stress facilitates the reaction to, and accelerates the recovery from the stress. 3. Even after hypophysectomy which served the link between the central and the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism, the adrenal ascorbic acid content of ginseng group decreased significantly more than that of the saline group 30 min. after administration of ACTH, while the value approached the normal level significantly closer in the ginseng group than in the saline group 1 and 2 hr after ACTH administration. Judging from the above results, it is concluded that administration of ginseng extract tolerated the experimental animals under the environment of stressfu1 stmuli, although the ginseng has no significant influence upon the stress mechanism in the absence of stressful stimuli. The site of action of the ginseng appears to be in the peripheral portion of the stress mechanism.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2020

The high-temperature stability of YSZ specimens fabricated by die pressure and cold isostatic press (CIP) is investigated in CaCl₂-CaF₂-CaO molten salt at 1,150 ℃. The experimental results are as follows: green density 46.7 % and 50.9 %; sintering density 93.3 % and 99.3 % for die press and CIP, respectively. YSZ foremd by CIP exhibits higher stability than YSZ formed by die press due to denseness dependency after high-temperature stability test. YSZ shows peaks mainly attributed to CaZrO₃, with a small t-ZrO₂ peak, unlike the high-intensity tetragonal-ZrO₂ (t-ZrO₂) peak observed for the asreceived specimen. The t-ZrO₂ phase of YSZ is likely stabilized by Y₂O₃, and the leaching of Y₂O₃ results in phase transformation from t-ZrO₂ to m-ZrO₂. CaZrO₃ likely forms from the reaction between CaO and m-ZrO₂. As the exposure time increases, more CaZrO₃ is observed in the internal region of YSZ, which could be attributed to the inward diffusion of molten salt and outward diffusion of the stabilizer (Y₂O₃) through the pores. This results in greater susceptibility to phase transformation and CaZrO₃ formation. To use SOM anodes for the electroreduction of various metals, YSZ stability must be improved by adjusting the high-density in the forming process.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 1995

미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea Drury) 번데기의 휴면 종료에 미치는 탈피호르몬 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE)의 처리효과와 또한 호르몬처리로 유기된 휴면 후 성충발육 모습을 정상적인 성충발육과 비교하기 위하여 본실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 다음고 같다. 광주기 16L.8D와 $25\pm1^{\circ}C$에서 여러가지 다른 기간동안 저장했던 휴면번데기에 20-HE를 처리했을 때 가장 높은 휴면 종료율은 가장 오랫동안 처리된 군에서 나타났고 45일 동안 저장했던 휴면번데기에서 가장 낮은 종료율을 보였다. 우화에 필요한 기간은 저온($0\pm1^{\circ}C$)처리가간에 반비례하였고, 또한 저온처리기간이 길어질 수록 20-HE에 대한 민감도는 높아졌다. 번데기 휴면기간은 그들이 16L.8D 광조건에 처리되었건 혹은 지속적이 암조건에 저장되었건 간에 거의 같았고, 또한 저온처리없이도 성공적으로 성충이 출현하였다. 정상적으로 무화(휴면없이)하는 번데기의 산소소모율은 전형적인 U자 모양을 보였지만 20-HE에 처리된 휴면 번데기의 산소흡수량은 천천히 증가하다가 처리 후 14일에 급격히 증가하였다. 번데기 휴면은 성충조직을 형성하기 이전에 들어갔으며, 정상적으로 발육하는 번데기나 또는 20-HE에 처리되어 발육하기 시작하는 휴면 번데기 모두에서 성충조직 형성시기와 대사율이 증가하기 시작하는 시기는 일치하였다. 탈피호르몬처리로 발육을 시작한 휴면 번데기의 혈림프와 지방체에서 분리된 단백질종류는 모두 정상적으로 발육하는 번데기의 조직에서와 같았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

한냉글로불린혈증에 의한 급성호흡곤란증후군은 극히 드문 것으로 보고되었다. 저자 등은 B형 간염을 가진 환자에서, 한냉글로불린혈증과 그에 인한 급성호흡곤란 증후군이 발생한 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.