• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2018

본 연구는 BS(Balassa-Samuelson)효과가 장기 실질환율 변화를 설명할 수 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 1995년부터 2015년까지 OECD 25개 회원국(기준국 미국 제외)을 대상으로 패널자료를 구축하고 단위근 및 공적분검정을 통해 자료의 안정성을 검토하여 공적분 관계가 존재할 경우 추정모형을 설정하여 장기균형식을 추정하였다. 관련 변수들에 대한 패널 단위근 및 공적분검정을 실시한 결과 실질환율을 제외한 모든 변수들이 단위근을 가지고 있어 불안정적 시계열로 나타났으며 관련 변수들 간에 공적분 관계 즉 안정적인 균형관계가 존재하는 것으로 분석되었다. 동태최소자승법(Dynamic Ordinary Least Square, 이하 DOLS) 및 오차수정모형(Error-Correction Model, 이하 ECM)을 이용해 장기균형식을 추정한 결과 대체로 이론에서 예측하는 BS효과를 얻었으나 그 효과는 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 노동생산성이 실질환율에 직접 미치는 효과는 작았거나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 교역재에 대한 비교역재 상대가격은 통계적으로 유의하게 실질환율에 영향을 미쳤으며 이론이 예측하는 바와 동일했다. 상대노동생산성이 상대가격에 미치는 효과는 분명하지 않았다. 한편 교역조건을 설명변수에 포함하여 추정한 결과 이론에서 예측하는 바와 동일한 결과를 얻었으며 모두 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 교역조건이 실질환율 변화를 설명하는 데 중요한 변수라는 결과를 도출했다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to examine the speculative efficiency of shrimp futures market. Testing for the speculative efficiency hypothesis is carried out using Johansen's the maximum-likelihood cointegration method and Fama(1984) regressison model. Analysis data are obtained Kansai Commodities Exchange in Osaka and are daily data of frozen shrimp futures and cash prices for all trading days in the time period from September 6, 2002, frozen shrimp futures is introduced, to May 10, 2007. The empirical results are summarized as follows:First, there exists the cointegrating relationship between realized spot India 16/20, Indonesia 16/20, vietnam 16/20 prices and futures prices of the 14 day to maturity. Second, shrimp futures contract prices do not behave as unbiased predictor s of future spot shrimp prices. This indicates that the shrimp futures market is inefficient.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.783-789
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• 2008

We investigate the effects of the misspecification of cointegrating(CI) ranks at other frequencies on the inference of seasonal models at the frequency of interest; our study includes tests for CI ranks and estimation of CI vectors. Earlier studies focused mostly on a single frequency corresponding to one seasonal root at a time, ignoring possible cointegration at the remaining frequencies. We investigate the effects of the mis-specification, especially in finite samples, by adopting Gaussian reduced rank(GRR) estimation by Ahn and Reinsel (1994) that considers cointegration at all frequencies of seasonal unit roots simultaneously. It is observed that the identification of the seasonal CI rank at the frequency of interest is sensitive to the mis-prespecification of the CI ranks at other frequencies, mainly when the CI ranks at the remaining frequencies are underspecified.

• 지역연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.143-161
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• 1998

This paper applies dynamic versions of shift share models to a simple regional employment model. It tests for the existence of a long run interregional employment equilibrium and then estimates the impulse response functions for each employment series to determine which shocks are temporary and which are permanent.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

This study uses an endogenous economic growth model to determine the long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth in China by using the data 1975-2009.It contributes to the literature by developing trade openness index. An autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration and rolling regression method are employed. This study tests the link between trade openness and economic growth in the case of China by using the framework of endogenous economic growth model. This study also employs the rolling window regression method in order to examine the stability of coefficients throughout the sample span. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique and rolling regression method are used. The empirical findings indicate that trade openness (i.e. Both individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index) are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. Our results indicate that trade openness as measured by individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. However, results from the rolling window suggest that trade openness is negatively linked to economic growth only for a number of years.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2020

This study estimates the nature of the relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment in the Philippines over the 2001-2017 period. The paper employed a range of cointegrating regression models, namely, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, Johansen-Juselius (JJ) and Engle-Granger (EG) cointegration models, dynamic OLS, fully modified OLS, and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimation techniques. The Granger causality based on error correction model (ECM) was also performed to determine the causal link of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. The ARDL bounds testing approach, Johansen-Juselius (JJ) and Engle-Granger (EG) cointegration models confirmed the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. The long-run coefficients from JJ and dynamic OLS show significant long-run and positive relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. While results of the long-run coefficients from fully modified OLS and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) found that only entrepreneurship has significant and positive relationship with youth unemployment in the long-run. The Granger causality based on error correction model (ECM) estimates show evidence of long-run causal relationship of entrepreneurship and business confidence on youth unemployment. In the short-run, increases in entrepreneurship and business confidence causes youth unemployment to decrease.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2020

Purpose - This study examines what are the asset market fluctuations in Europe and how each economic variable affects major variables, and explore the dynamics of housing and stock market through Greece. The variables under consideration are balance on current account (BCA), index of stock (STOCK), gross domestic product (GDP), housing price indices (HOUSING), M3, real rate of interest (IR_REAL) and household credits (LOAN). We investigate the functional and causal relationships between housing and stock market. Research design, data, and methodology - Vector error correction model (VECM) is used to figure out the dynamic relationships among variables. This study also contains the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root, cointegration, Granger causality test, and impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis by EViews 11.0. Results - The statistical tests show that all variables under consideration have one unit root and there is a longterm equilibrium relationship among variables for Greece. GDP, IR_REAL, M3, STOCK and LOAN can be considered as causal factors to affect real estate market, while GDP, LOAN, M3, BCA and HOUSING can bring direct effects to stock market in Greece. Conclusions - It can be judged that the policy that affects the lending policy of financial institutions may be more effective than the indirect variable such as monetary interest rate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.769-775
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• 2021

The objective of this research was to analyze the factors influencing the farm-gate shrimp prices in Thailand using monthly time series from January 2001 to December 2019. The econometric methodology was employed to satisfy the purpose, consisting of the cointegration test for revealing the long-run relationship and equilibrium elasticity between the variables as well as the error correction model for detecting speed adjustment to shock responses. The empirical results revealed that (1) the export shrimp prices, shrimp production in the country, and shrimp export volume indicated a long-run relationship running to the farm-gate shrimp prices in Thailand with the size of equilibrium elasticity equal to 1.083%, -0.256%, and 0.123, respectively, and (2) the farm-gate shrimp prices in Thailand would adjust to the equilibrium line with a speed equal to 20.147% if there was any kind of incident or shock which caused the relationship to deviate from the equilibrium point. There was no relationship in terms of global shrimp prices and the exchange rate for farm-gate shrimp prices in Thailand. The recommendations should emphasize the varieties of shrimp products for export to other countries beyond the main trading markets nowadays to reduce risks and fluctuations in the export prices of shrimp products.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.213-237
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• 2007

국제원유시장의 지역화에 대한 논의는 에너지 정책을 수렵하는데 중요한 자료를 제공한다. 특히 우리나라와 같이 하나의 시장에서 80% 가량의 원유를 수입하고 있는 국가에게는 국제원유시장의 지역화 여부는 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같이 중요한 의의를 가지는 국제원유시장의 지역화를 분석하기 위해서 기존 연구의 공적분 분석 방법론과 함께 가격의 선행 관계와 시차를 고려할 수 있는 인과관계 분석 방법론을 사용하였다. 중동시장의 Dubai유, 유럽시장의 Brent유, 미국시장의 WTI유와 동아시아시장의 Tapis유를 대상으로 국제원유시장의 지역화 여부를 분석하였으며, 공적분 관계가 성립하지 않는 가격에 대해서는 시차의 변경을 고려할 수 있는 Hsiao (1981)의 인과관계 분석방법론을 사용하였다. 또한 공적분 관계가 성립하여 장기적인 균형관계에 놓여 있는 가격에 대해서는 벡터오차수정모형을 사용하여 인과관계를 분석하였다. 공적분 분석 결과 Brent, WTI, Tapis 유의 가격은 서로 장기적인 균형관계가 성립하지만 중동시장의 Dubai유와 이들 세 시장의 가격 사이에서는 장기적인 균형관계를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 가격의 선행 관계와 시차를 고려할 수 있는 인과관계 분석을 수행한 결과 Dubai 시장을 포함한 국제원유시장은 1주에서 5주의 시차를 가지고 서로의 가격 변화에 영향을 주는 단일화된 시장이라는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 따라서 국제원유시장은 하나의 커다란 단일화된 시장이라는 Adelman (1984)의 가설은 타당하다고 할 수 있다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

Purpose - This work analyzes, in detail, the specification of vector error correction model (VECM) and thus examines the relationships and impact among seven economic variables for USA - balance on current account (BCA), index of stock (STOCK), gross domestic product (GDP), housing price indices (HOUSING), a measure of the money supply that includes total currency as well as large time deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements and other larger liquid assets (M3), real rate of interest (IR_REAL) and household credits (LOAN). In particular, we search for the main explanatory variables that have an effect on stock and real estate market, respectively and investigate the causal and dynamic associations between them. Research design, data, and methodology - We perform the time series vector error correction model to infer the dynamic relationships among seven variables above. This work employs the conventional augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root techniques to test for stationarity among seven variables under consideration, and Johansen cointegration test to specify the order or the number of cointegration relationship. Granger causality test is exploited to inspect for causal relationship and, at the same time, impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis are checked for both short-run and long-run association among the seven variables by EViews 9.0. The underlying model was analyzed by using 108 realizations from Q1 1990 to Q4 2016 for USA. Results - The results show that all the seven variables for USA have one unit root and they are cointegrated with at most five and three cointegrating equation for USA. The vector error correction model expresses a long-run relationship among variables. Both IR_REAL and M3 may influence real estate market, and GDP does stock market in USA. On the other hand, GDP, IR_REAL, M3, STOCK and LOAN may be considered as causal factors to affect real estate market. Conclusions - The findings indicate that both stock market and real estate market can be modelled as vector error correction specification for USA. In addition, we can detect causal relationships among variables and compare dynamic differences between countries in terms of stock market and real estate market.