• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the Rubia akane Nakai extract against food-borne pathogens. First, the Rubia akane Nakai was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extract was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Rubia akane Nakai extract was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergistic antimicrobial effect was observed when Rubia akane Nakai extract was mixed with Viscum album var. coloratum extract as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai had strong antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was retarded more than 72 hours and up to 48 hours for Bacillus cereus. From these results, it was concluded that the methanol extract of Rubia akane Nakai inhibited effectively Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.3 s.32
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• pp.447-462
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• 1990

The objective of this experiment is to observe structural differences in the othodontic movement of vital (control group) and devitalized (experimental group) teeth in the mongrel dogs. The 5 utilized dogs in this experiment were approximately 1 year of age and their average weight was about 12 Kg. Endodontic therapy was performed on the 2nd premolars in upper & lower jaws of each animal under the general anesthesia by intravascular injection of 25mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium. The canals of the teeth were obturated by using gutta percha in conjunction with root canal sealer (AH26 Densply). One of the roots in the 2nd premolars was hemisected to make an extraction space for the devitalized teeth to be moved. The edgewise technique was employed for the movement of the teeth. Orthodontic models and intraoral roentgenograms were taken before and after orthodontic tooth movement. The open coil springs (.010 x .040) were used at interbraket space in order to provide equal forces (75gm) between the teeth in each arch wire. After 13 weeks of active orthodontic tooth movement, dogs were sacrified and the experimental results w ere examined through the intraoral radiography, microscopic examination and scanning electromicroscopic examination at the root sulfate. From the results of the study, the following conclusions may be drawn: The root resolution and cemental deposition were observed within the pressure and tension site in both group. 2. The root resorbed lacunae were observed in the cementum and/or into the dentin in both group. 3. The prominent osteoblastic activities were observed on the alveolar margin in the tension site in both group. 4. A few of blood vessels were observed in the pressure site, but also lots of blood vessels were observed in the tension site especially in the periphery of the alveolar bone in both group. 5. In the pressure site, resorbed lacunae were formed with deep and narrow cavity in the control group; the shallow and wide cavity in the experimental group. 6. In the pressure site, the repaired cementum or cementoid tissue was lined on cementum in the experimental group, but not in the control group. 7. There was no significant difference between external root resolution of endodontically and vital teeth when both were subjected to orthodontic forces.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.420-425
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• 2004

Fistula between coronary artery and pulmonary artery is a type of coronary artery anomalies. It can cause atypical chest pain and fatigue, angina pectoris, endocarditis, finally myocardial steal can result in heart failure and myocardial infarction. But only 0.1-0.2% of coronary angiographic studies reveal the communications between coronary artery and other spaces. (heart chamber, pulmonary artery etc.) It is frequently congenital, but acquired types are increasing because chest and heart manipulations such as opertion of tetralogy of Fallot, endomyocardial biopsy, radiation therapy, or penetrating blunt trauma are increasing. There are reports about repair of fistula using thrombogenic tips, coil embolization and surgical intervention. We report a connection between coronary artery and pulmonary artery in 79 years old female. She was 30 pack-years smoker and suffered from dyspnea several years with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She presented with atypical chest pain and palpitation after admission. Electrocardiography showed ST-T wave abnormality. Emergency coronary angiography and chest CT scan revealed coronary-pulmonary artery fistula. Transcatheter embolization was performed and she was relieved from discomforts.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.153-169
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• 2007

It is as result that study to apply mini magnet nerve curer in peripheral nervous system disease treatment. Design and embodied action power and Control Unit in cylinder form of magnet roof object firstly. Yielded service area about special quality of probe of roof object cylinder style and treatment area dimension and distance of treatment pulse secondly. Embody pulse forming course energy value by Probe's form by third, could embody treatment pulse by disease. Specially, through a special quality experiment, saved Damping pulse form and treatment pulse form etc. variously. Lately, embodied this to aid a little in disease treatment that follow that there is no invasion that there is no stimulation by medicine development. Go amplitude treatment pulse (traditional magneto-therapy of greatly great that strong) does curative effect greatest at short time and becomes thought that demand is magnified greatly at the future in this research.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.76-80
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• 2014

Toroidal cores made of metallic powder requires large magnetic field strength up to few decade kA/m to obtain major hysteresis loop. To overcome thermal heat generation problem from large exciting current during measurement, we have employed a real time hysteresis loop tracer which can digitize and calculate B-H signals in personal computer as real time. For example, when we magnetize specimen at 10 Hz frequency, we could display hysteresis loops 10 times per second. Using the real time hysteresis loop tracer, we could measure major hysteresis loop of toroidal shape metallic powder core at maximum flux density or maximum magnetic field strength to be measured within 5 second not to significant increasement of specimen temperature due to the heat dissipation from coil windings. For the constructed hysteresis loop tracer, we could measure hysteresis loop at magnetic field strength higher than 50 kA/m for the toroidal shape specimen.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

The SR 95531, a GABA antagonist was microinjected into either the pretectum nuclei (nucleus Superficialis Synencephali nSS) or the nBOR (nucleus Ectomammilaris nEM) of chickens. Monocular optokinetic nystagmus (01(N) was reorded by the search coil technique before and after unilateral intracerebral drug administration. Unilateral microinjections of SR 95531 into either the nSS or nEM induce a reversible increase of gain in OKN directed by contralateral eye for both directions of stimulation. The administration into the nSS increased directional asymmetry by increasing the T~ component velocity gain more strongly than the N-T component velocity gain. On the other hand, the unilateral administration of the drug into the nEM suppressed the diretional O1(N asymmetry by increasing the N-T component velocity gain more strongly than the T-N component velocity gain. The nSS seems especially involved in monocular OKN in response to a T-N stimulation, while the nEM seems more involved in the OKN response to N-T stimulation. These results indicate that the drug suppresses GABAergic inhibition at the mesencephalic level. The increase in gain of OKN directed by the ipsilateral eye to microinjeded nuclei could account for the strong interactions existing between these two mesencephalic structures responsible for horizontal OKN.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.146-149
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• 2017

In this study, we compared the standardized value of each signal intensity, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) that digitizes the diffusion of water molecules, and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) using b value 0 400, 1400 ($s/mm^2$). From March 2013 to December 2013, patients with suspicion of simple compound fracture and metastatic spine cancer were included in the MR readout. We used a 1.5 Tesla Achieva MRI system and a Syn-Spine Coil. Sequence is a DWI SE-EPI sagittal (diffusion weighted imaging spin echo-echo planar imaging sagittal) image with b-factor ($s/mm^2$) 0, 400, 1400 were used. Data analysis showed ROI (Region of Interest) in diseased area with high SI (signal intensity) in diffusion-weighted image b value 0 ($s/mm^2$) Using the MRIcro program, each SI was calculated with images of b-value 0, 400, and 1400 ($s/mm^2$), ADC map was obtained using Metlab Software with each image of b-value, The ADC is obtained by applying the ROI to the same position. The standardized values ($SI_{400}/SI_0$, $SI_{400}/SI_0$) of simple compression fractures were $0.47{\pm}0.04$ and $0.23{\pm}0.03$ and the standardized values ($SI_{400}/SI_0$, $SI_{400}/SI_0$) of the metastatic spine were $0.57{\pm}0.07$ and $0.32{\pm}0.08$ And the standardized values of the two diseases were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The ADC ($mm^2/s$) for b value 400 ($s/mm^2$) and 1400 ($s/mm^2$) of the simple compression fracture disease site were $1.70{\pm}0.16$ and $0.93{\pm}0.28$ and $1.24{\pm}0.21$ and $0.80{\pm}0.15$ for the metastatic spine. The ADC ($mm^2/s$) for b value 400($s/mm^2$) was statistically significant (p < 0.05) but the ADC ($mm^2/s$) for b value 1400 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, multi - b value recognition of signal changes in diffusion - weighted imaging is very important for the diagnosis of various spinal diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2006

To investigate mycorrhizal infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF), samples of fine lateral roots were taken from the wild ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) naturally growing at various locations in Korea. Mycorrhiazal infections were studied by cleaning the root samples and staining fungal hyphae with frypan blue. Wild ginsengs for this study were graded by an appraisal committee consisting of 12 experts of Korea Mountain Ginseng Association. Following five quality groups were recognized: Heaven group(pure natural), Earth group (from seeding of wild ginseng), Man group(from seeding or seedlings of wild ginseng with slight environmental modification), unmarketable, and imported wild ginseng. Morphology of AMF was typical Paris-type which shows intracellular hyphal coils with rare vesicles and lack of arbuscules. Average infection rate of individual wild ginsengs was 58.3% and showed no differences among five quality groups. When portions of fine roots were quantified for mycorrhizal infection, 18.7% of the total length of the primary and secondary roots were infected by AMF. Wild ginsengs from Gyeonggi Province(84.2%), and from mountains lower than 1,200 meters above sea level(about 70%) showed higher infection rate, while the ginseng from Gyeongbuk Province(27.8%) had lower rate. Wild ginsengs at older age showed lower infection rates.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a microprocessor-based automatic voltage regulator(AVR) to reduce consumers' electric energy consumption and to help controlling peak demanding power. Hybrid Switching Automatic Voltage Regulator (HS-AVR) consist of a toroidal core, several tap control switches, display and command control parts. The coil forms an autotransformer which has a serial main winding and four parallel auxiliary windings. It controls the output voltage by changing the combination of the coils and the switches. Relays are adopted as the link switches of the coils to minimize the loss. To make connecting and disconnecting time accurate, relays of the circuit have parallel TRIACs. A software phase locked loop(PLL) has been used to synchronize the timings of the switches to the voltage waveform. The software PLL informs the input voltage zero-crossing and positive/negative peak timing. The traditional voltage transformers and AVRs have a disadvantage of having a large mandatory capacity to accommodate maximum inrush current to avoid the switch contact damage. But we propose a suitable AVR for every purpose in smart grid with reduced size and increased efficiency.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the damage pattern when overcurrent is applied to a thermal magnetic type molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) using a Primary Current Injection Test System (PCITS). When an overcurrent of 150 A was applied to the PCITS for 5 seconds with the trip bar of an MCCB being damaged, it was found that the surface of the temperature control device (bimetallic strip) positioned at the right was significantly carbonized. When an overcurrent of 300 A was applied to the PCITS for 5 s under the same conditions, the entire temperature control device was deteriorated, becoming flattened and in close contact with the MCCB. When an overcurrent of 450 A was applied to the PCITS for 5 s, the coil of the temperature control device was melted and disconnected. In addition, it was observed that the contacts, the enclosure and upper cover were deformed and there was a trace of carbonization on them. When approximately 3 s had elapsed after an overcurrent of 600 A was applied, white smoke occurred inside the MCCB and a flame was radiated out, after which the overcurrent supply stopped with "phutt" (whomp) sound. It was observed that when the same type of MCCB is damaged by a general flame, the surfaces of its handle, terminal, arc divider (extinguisher) and temperature control device were carbonized uniformly. In addition, it was found that the trip bar of the operating mechanism was melted down and the metal operation pin was moved while being tripped.