• 재활복지
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.207-220
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to determine the parent-perceived effect of adaptive seating devices on the lives of infant or young children with physical and brain lesion disabilities(age 1-13y) and their families. Using the seating device for disabled parents of 42 people with disabilities who use FIATS-AS to investigate functional outcomes. All parents completed the FIATS-AS 4 times-2 times before and 2 times after their child received a new adaptive seating system. Repeated-measures analysis of variance detected significant mean differences among the FIATS-AS scores. Also to estimating the impact of the new seating intervention for the 3 age cohorts using the FIATS-AS scores. The FIATS-AS detected a significant interaction between age cohort and interview time. Providing adaptive seating devices has been found that the positive effects on guardians. The change was significant in 1~7 years of age. Environmental modification, such as seating and other assistive technology devices, may have an important role to play in the lives of young children with disabilities and their families.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2022

Background Fellowship training is becoming more popular in plastic surgery, with over half of residents pursuing advanced training. Here, we investigate how clinical and research fellowship training impacts career trajectory and scholastic achievement in academic plastic surgery. Methods Plastic surgery faculty members, from programs recognized by the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons, were identified using institutional Web sites. Data extracted included faculty demographics, training history, academic positions, and research productivity. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using t-tests and chi-square, respectively. Results In total, 949 faculty members were included, with 657 (69%) having completed fellowship training. Integrated program residents were more likely to complete a fellowship when compared with independent residents (p < 0.0001). Fellowship trained faculty were more likely to have graduated from a higher ranked residency program, in terms of both overall and research reputation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). When controlling for years in practice, there was no difference found in number of publications, Hirsch index (h-index), or National Institutes of Health funding between faculty between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). In a subanalysis comparing hand, craniofacial, microsurgery, and research fellowships, those who completed a research fellowship had higher h-indices and were more likely to reach full professor status (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Fellowship training had no effect on being promoted to Chief/Chair of departments (p = 0.16). Conclusion Fellowship training is common among academic plastic surgeons. In this study, both clinical and research fellowships were associated with various aspects of academic success. However, fellowship training alone did not affect attainment of leadership positions.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.5-40
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• 2002

Using detailed data of women's work history, this study analyses the transition process between employment and non-employment over the life history in order to identity individual and structural determinants in the processes. Korean women comprise very heterogeneous groups in terms of work continuity: one group having a continuous work history and another having an interrupted work experience. While 4.0% of total women have stayed in the labor market since leaving school, 17.3% have not worked outside at all and remaining 87.9% have experienced into and out of the labor market at least once. On the average, the cumulated time of employment per woman is 8.2 years and the cumulated time of unemployment is 13.1 years. Thus Korean women work a total of only 38.5% of their whole lifetime after leaving school. We can conclude that the increase of the employment rate of married women in Korea since the 1970s has been due to the increase of the new entrants with short or little working careers into the labor market, not to the increase of women's work continuity on the whole. A women's educational achievement does not seem to be positively related to employment duration, contrary to the suggestion of the human capital theory, Rather, family variables, especially the existence of the child under 6 yens old, is a more significant determining factor for an individual's exit from employment. And there is little difference among different age cohorts which implies little improvement in the employment continuity of younger women. This study also documents the importance of structural variables, such as the type of occupation, as significant determining factors for the hazard rate. Specially women with professional jobs tend to stay longer in the labor market. Therefore, women's entry into more professional occupations is expected to contribute to the continuity of employment. Our results also show that duration-dependence is not spurious. When unobserved heterogeneity is controlled, the negative relation between the rate from employment and the duration of employment does not disappear.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2018

The ministry of Environment of Korea initiated two follow-up surveys in 2005 and 2006 to investigate environmental effect on children's health. These two cohorts, referred to as the 2005 Cohort and 2006 Cohort, were followed up three times every two years. This data set was referred to as the Children's Health and Environmental Research (CHEER) data set. This paper reproduces the existing research results of Kim et al. (Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 25, 987-998, 2014) and Lee et al. (The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, 29, 1295-1310, 2016) and derive a benchmark dose lower limit (BMDL) for blood lead level for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after pooling two cohort data sets. The different ADHD rating scales were unified by applying the conversion formula proposed by Lee et al. (2016). The random effect model and AR(1) model were built to reflect the longitudinal characteristics and regression to the mean phenomenon. Based on these models the BMDLs for blood lead levels were derived using the BMDL formula and the simulation. We obtained a hight level of BMDLs when we pooled two independent cohort data sets.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-101
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• 2010

One of the reasons for low fertility rate in Korea is related to the delayed marriage among the population belong to marriage cohorts. The major goal of this study is to analyze how the economic resources such as level of education, whether employed or not, and occupation have affected one's marriage opportunity and how it is differed by gender. Meanwhile, the changes in the influence of economic resources and the changes in the marriage norms were also studied by analyzing 2% Census data in 1995, 2000 and 2005. Total number of 1.1 million men and women in their ages between 20 to 44 are included in data and binary-logistic analysis is used for statistical research. This study supports a traditional hypothesis that the influence of economic resources on probability of marriage is different by gender. More important academic contribution of this study is the quality of economic resources is becoming more important for men since Asian economic crisis and that the negative effect of it on women is declining since 2000. It is analyzed that the effect of marriage norm has recently decreased on the part of women. These findings suggest that there is a tendency of polarization of marriage market in Korea affected by economic polarization since Asian economic crisis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4 s.96
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• pp.310-318
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• 2001

In the large regulated Nakdong River, the Predation effect of juvenile fish on the zooplankton community was evaluated by gut and stomach analyses of fish in 1999. Juvenile fish of five species showed high density from May to early June when river discharge was low and water body became stagnant. During this period, large rotifers, Asplanchna spp. and Brachionus spp. declined and the decrease of cladoceran (Moina micrura and Bosminopsis deitersi) density was also obeserved. At this time, small rotifers including Polyarthra spp. reached maximum density. Gut analysis of fish demonstrated that small-sized juvenile fish (< 15 mm in total length)preferred large rotifers as well as cladocerans, while large sized fish (> 15 mm)selected only cladocerans. On the other hand, juvenile Micropterus salmoides of which size was larger than other juvenile fish consumed not only zooplankton but also other small juvenile fish. Based on these results, the decline of large rotifers and cladocerans during early summer in the river seems to be result of predation by juvenile fish. However, the period when juvenile fish maintained their high density was as short as one month and the decreased density of cladocera rapidly recovered as soon as juvenile fish became scarce. Such a short period of juvenile fish devel-opment in the river can be attributed to the consumption of juvenile fish by the young-of-the-year cohorts as well as adults of M. salmoides. The high trophic state of the river might permit the rapid recovery of the cladoceran community. The predation impact of juvenile fish in the Nakdong River seems to be affected by the existence of piscivore as well as high trophic status.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.721-739
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• 2015

The importance of the old age income security will increase for an aging society due to the deepening income polarization. The National Pension(NP) is a representative Social Security scheme in charge of old age income security as well as income redistribution for the insured. Studies by Kim (2002), Kim et al. (2003), and Hong (2013) have reported the possibility of unsatisfactory income redistribution of the NP. Recently Choi (2015) attributed those results to an unnoticed defect in the benefit formula. This study is a test for the unsatisfactory income redistribution of the current National Pension using early participants who have now become pensioners. The method aggregates cohorts and combines individual history data before the year 2013 and the results of the actuarial projection model of the 2013 after the year 2014. The results are divided by measures taken. The redistribution is obviously progressive by the income replacement rate; however, it is significantly regressive when measured by the net benefit theoretically as more plausible. Considering the effect of differing lifetime contribution year among income classes, the regressive redistribution will prevail more in the future pensioners.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 1999

Toxic effect of landfill leachate on the larvae and juvenile stage of the river puffer fish, Takifugu obscurus, were investigated in order to assess severity of environmental impact of leachate effluent on the general population of estuarine fishes. A short-term toxic experiment was designed to test both laboratory hatched larvae and juveniles (5, 10 and 15 mm in length) and in-situ juveniles (30 and 45 mm in length) using the leachate concentrations between 0 and 16%. Lethal concentrations of 50% mortality ($LC_{50}$) were observed using Spearman-karber Method. 24hr-$LC_{50}$ appeared at the leachate concentrations ranging from 3.03 to 8.57%, 48hr-$LC_{50}$ at 2.73 to 6.21 %, 72hr-$LC_{50}$o at 2.45 to 5.53%, and 96hr-$LC_{50}$ at 2.38 to 4.93%, respectively. Leachate concentrations between 0.69 and 1.51% induced 96hr-$LC_1$. Respiratory frequency was significantly affected even at low leachate concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the leachate effluents may cause a harmful impact on the physiology of river puffer fish, especially for younger cohorts.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2008

Using flight simulator tasks with 48 air force cadets, this research examined the effects of pilots' flight skill and self-esteem on risk-taking behavior in the context of social comparison with their cohorts. Flight skill and self-esteem were assessed for individual cadets and three conditions of social comparison (upward-, downward-, and no-comparison) were devised. Flight simulator situations inappropriate for further approach or landing were designed to assess pilots' risk-taking behavior. Weather conditions in the simulator were inadequate to make a landing and the recommended strategy was to break off the approach and attempt a go-around. In this experiment, pilots' risk taking was measured in terms of their approach altitudes; the lower approach altitudes indicative of the higher risk-taking. Our results showed interaction effects of flight skill, self-esteem, and social comparison on risk-taking behaviors. For pilots who were either high or low in both self-esteem and flight skill, social comparison had no effect on risk-taking behavior. However, pilots with high self-esteem but low flight skill showed more risk-taking behaviors in social comparison conditions. And, pilots with low self-esteem but high flight skill showed risk-aversive behaviors in the downward-comparison condition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.10003-10008
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer has been a leading female cancer in Thailand for decades, and has been second to breast cancer after 2007. The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) has provided opportunistic screening with Pap smears for more than 30 years. In 2002, the MoPH and the National Health Security Office provided countrywide systematic screening of cervical cancer to all Thai women aged 35-60 years under universal health care coverage insurance scheme at 5-year intervals. Objectives: This study characterized the cervical cancer incidence trends in Songkhla in southern Thailand using joinpoint and age period cohort (APC) analysis to observe the effect of cervical cancer screening activities in the past decades, and to project cervical cancer rates in the province, to 2030. Materials and Methods: Invasive and in situ cervical cancer cases were extracted from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 through 2010. Age standardized incidence rates were estimated. Trends in incidences were evaluated by joinpoint and APC regression models. The Norpred package was modified for R and was used to project the future trends to 2030 using the power of 5 function and cut trend method. Results: Cervical cancer incidence in Songkhla peaked around 1998-2000 and then dropped by -4.7% per year. APC analysis demonstrated that in situ tumors caused an increase in incidence in early ages, younger cohorts, and in later years of diagnosis. Conclusions: Both joinpoint and APC analysis give the same conclusion in continuation of a declining trend of cervical cancer to 2030 but with different rates and the predicted goal of ASR below 10 or even 5 per 100,000 women by 2030 would be achieved. Thus, maintenance and improvement of the screening program should be continued. Other population based cancer registries in Thailand should analyze their data to confirm the success of cervical cancer screening policy of Thailand.