• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.163-169
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• 2018

Problem solving by programming has a lot of influence on computational thinking improvement. Programming learning has been self-directed based on the individual's thoughts and principles. However, the revised informatics curriculum in 2015 puts importance on collaborative learning. Collaborative learning emphasizes results differently from cooperative learning, which emphasizes problem-solving processes. And cooperative learning leads to structured learning, such as role sharing and activity stages, within a small group, while collaborative learning leads to unstructured learning. Therefore, it is becoming more in collaborative learning that peer interaction can be affected by learners' cognitive style. In this paper, we propose the effect of cognitive style on problem solving ability in collaborative learning for problem solving by programming. As a result, collaborative learning was effective in improving problem solving ability and there was no significant difference in cognitive style.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.161-192
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• 2018

Retrieving temporal information of encoded events is one of the core control processes in episodic memory. Despite much prior neuroimaging research on episodic retrieval, little is known about how large-scale connectivity patterns are involved in the retrieval of sequentially organized episodes. Task-related functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis was used to distinguish the different sequential retrieval. In this study, participants performed temporal episodic memory tasks in which they were required to retrieve the encoded items in either the forward or backward direction. While separately parsed local networks did not yield substantial efficiency in classification performance, the large-scale patterns of interactivity across the cortical and sub-cortical brain regions implicated in both the cognitive control of memory and goal-directed cognitive processes encompassing lateral and medial prefrontal regions, inferior parietal lobules, middle temporal gyrus, and caudate yielded high discriminative power in classification of temporal retrieval processes. These findings demonstrate that mnemonic control processes across cortical and subcortical regions are recruited to re-experience temporally-linked series of memoranda in episodic memory and are mirrored in the qualitatively distinct global network patterns of functional connectivity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to review physiological mechanisms of internet addiction and to construct a theoretical framework for cognitive behavioral therapy for internet addicts. Methods: We searched for relevant literature in the PubMed and RISS databases using the terms "internet addiction", "internet game addiction", "internet abuser", and "online game". Only English, full-text articles published from 2000 to 2015 were included in this review of physiological indicators of internet addiction. Finally, 12 articles were selected for review. Results: The theoretical framework developed based on the review proposes that excessive internet use itself may induce physiological stress responses with an increase of stress-related hormones and neurotransmitters. Prolonged abnormal responses of these physiological features produce negative structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex, which is mainly involved in cognitive and executive functions. These changes may result in decreased cognitive function. As a stressor, excessive internet use leads to transforming voluntary use into involuntary, habitual use and thus promotes the development of internet addiction. Conclusion: The proposed theoretical framework encompasses cognitive processes that may contribute to the effects of internet use-induced physiological stress on internet addiction. We believe that this framework has important implications for developing cognitive behavioral strategies for internet addicts.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2007

Recently, various devices requiring text input such as mobile phone IPTV, PDA and UMPC are emerging. The frequency of text entry for them is also increasing. This study was focused on the evaluation of Korean text entry interface. Various models to evaluate text entry interfaces have been proposed. Most of models were based on human cognitive process for text input. The cognitive process was divided into two components; visual scanning process and finger movement process. The time spent for visual scanning process was modeled as Hick-Hyman law, while the time for finger movement was determined as Fitts' law. There are three questions on the model-based evaluation of text entry interface. Firstly, are human cognitive processes (visual scanning and finger movement) during the entry of text sequentially occurring as the models. Secondly, is it possible to predict real text input time by previous models. Thirdly, does the human cognitive process for text input vary according to users' text entry speed. There was time gap between the real measured text input time and predicted time. The time gap was larger in the case of participants with high speed to enter text. The reason was found out investigating Eye-Hand Coordination during text input process. Differently from an assumption that visual scan on the keyboard is followed by a finger movement, the experienced group performed both visual scanning and finger movement simultaneously. Arrival Lead Time was investigated to measure the extent of time overlapping between two processes. 'Arrival Lead Time' is the interval between the eye fixation on the target button and the button click. In addition to the arrival lead time, it was revealed that the experienced group uses the less number of fixations during text entry than the novice group. This result will contribute to the improvement of evaluation model for text entry interface.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

Spectrum sensing is vital for secondary unlicensed nodes to coexist and avoid interference with the primary licensed users in cognitive wireless networks. In this paper, we develop models for bounding interference levels from secondary network to the primary nodes within a spectrum sensing framework. Instead of classical stochastic approaches where Poisson point processes are used to model transmitters, we consider a more practical model which takes into account the medium access control regulations and where the secondary Poisson process is judiciously thinned in two phases to avoid interference with the secondary as well as the primary nodes. The resulting process will be a modified version of the Mat$\acute{e}$rn point process. For this model, we obtain bounds for the complementary cumulative distribution function of interference and present simulation results which show the developed analytical bounds are quite tight. Moreover, we use these bounds to find the operation regions of the secondary network such that the interference constraint is satisfied on receiving primary nodes. We then obtain theoretical results on the primary and secondary throughputs and find the throughput limits under the interference constraint.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.117-136
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to investigate cognitive differences between the processes making hyperlinking and citing decisions as perceived by scholarly authors themselves. 15 Indiana University faculty and doctoral students who had published at least one scholarly electronic paper containing at least one external hyperlink were interviewed. Four different types of hyperlinking behaviors were emerged from the interview data. The findings of the study revealed that there are no consensually agreed-upon conventions on the use of hyperlinks in scholarly environments although the majority of the authors tend to follow the implicit norms of conventional citation practices.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Self-reported difficulties in speech-in-noise (SiN) recognition are common among tinnitus patients. Whereas hearing impairment that usually co-occurs with tinnitus can explain such difficulties, recent studies suggest that tinnitus patients with normal hearing sensitivity still show decreased SiN understanding, indicating that SiN difficulties cannot be solely attributed to changes in hearing sensitivity. In fact, cognitive control, which refers to a variety of top-down processes that human beings use to complete their daily tasks, has been shown to be critical for SiN recognition, as well as the key to understand cognitive inefficiencies caused by tinnitus. In this article, we review studies investigating the association between tinnitus and cognitive control using behavioral and brain imaging assessments, as well as those examining the effect of tinnitus on SiN recognition. In addition, three factors that can affect cognitive control in tinnitus patients, including hearing sensitivity, age, and severity of tinnitus, are discussed to elucidate the association among tinnitus, cognitive control, and SiN recognition. Although a possible central or cognitive involvement has always been postulated in the observed SiN impairments in tinnitus patients, there is as yet no direct evidence to underpin this assumption, as few studies have addressed both SiN performance and cognitive control in one tinnitus cohort. Future studies should aim at incorporating SiN tests with various subjective and objective methods that evaluate cognitive performance to better understand the relationship between SiN difficulties and cognitive control in tinnitus patients.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

This study was contrived Hierarchical Information Search (HIS) model. HIS model is based on a “cognitive process” in which model, comprising basic human information processing mechanize and information interaction. Its process include 3 semantic cognitive processes: Schema-Association LTM, Form Domain, and Alternative Selection. Design methodology consists to elicitate memory, thinking and cognitive response variables. In case study, menu structure of mobile phone was applied. In result, a correlation between predictive error rate and real error rate was .892. and a correlation between selective and real reaction time was .697. This present to suggest a model of how the methodology could be applied to real system design effectively when this was used. HIS model could become one of the most important factors for success of product design. In the perspective, the systemic methodology would contribute to design a quantitative and predictive system.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2004

Feedback loop dominance is a key concept to understand structural driving forces of system behavior. In this paper, we propose two kinds of shifts in dominant feedback loops: continuous shifts (CS) and discrete shifts (DS). With the help of questionnaires, we verified three hypotheses regarding cognitive biases in perceiving the shifts in dominant feedback loops: 1) failure in perceiving continuous shifts, 2) tendency of decision making based on discrete shifts, and 3) different perception on the dominant feedback loops between level variables and rate variables. We discussed the implication of these cognitive biases on time delay and timing strategy in decision-making processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.42-47
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• 2010

Speech shares acoustic features with other sound-based processing, which makes it difficult to distinguish phonological process from acoustic process in speech processing. In this study, we examined the difference between acoustic process and phonological process during repetition tasks. By contrasting various stimuli in different lengths, we localized neural correlates of acoustic process within bilateral superior temporal gyrus, which was consistent with the previous studies. The activated patterns were widely overlapped between words and pseudowords, i.e., contents-free. In contrast, phonological process showed left-lateralized activation in middle temporal gyrus located at anterior temporal areas. It implies that phonological process is contents-specific as shown in our previous study, and at the same time, more language-specific. Thus, we suggest that phonological process is distinguished from acoustic process in that it is always accompanied with the obligatory access to available phonological codes, which can be an entry of the mental lexicon.