• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.62 no.3
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2019

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the major cause of intractable focal epilepsy in childhood leading to epilepsy surgery. The overall seizure freedom after surgery ranges between 50-75% at 2 years after surgery and the long-term seizure freedom remain relatively stable. Seizure outcome after surgery depends on a various factors such as pathologic etiologies, extent of lesion, and types of surgery. Therefore, seizure outcome after surgery for FCD should be analyzed carefully considering cohorts' characteristics. Studies of pediatric epilepsy surgery emphasize the early surgical intervention for a better cognition. Early surgical intervention and cessation of seizure activity are important for children with intractable epilepsy. However, there are limited data on the cognitive outcome after surgery in pediatric FCD, requiring further investigation. This paper reviews the seizure and cognitive outcomes of epilepsy surgery for FCD in children. Several prognostic factors influencing seizure outcome after surgery will be discussed in detail.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.186-192
• /
• 1995

The Neuropsychiatric assessment and management of postconcussion syndrome(PCS), the most prevalent and controversial neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury, were reviewed. First, the definition and general concept of postconcussion syndrome Were summerized. This summary was followed by an overview of the clinical manifestation including cognitive, somatic, and behavioral components of PCS. Next, neuropsychological findings related to PCS were presented. Finally, the treatment issues including psychotherapy and pharamacotherapy were briefly summerized.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 2011

The Goals of mathematics education for the lower grades of primary school is to shape the basic concepts and the skills of mathematics. To achieve this goal, it is necessary an assessment which is able to help the students' learning activities by precisely diagnosing their basic mathematical capability. It should lend the students an assistance in diagnosing and revising their problems throughout teacher's cognitive participation in the process of mathematical problem solving. I would like to suggest the dynamic assessment as one of these kinds of approaches. In order to prove the utilities of this way, it was examined the necessity of dynamic assessment on the basis of the Vygotsky's theory after looking into the characteristics of the contents and methods of the mathematics education for the lower grades of primary school. Next, I researched the principles of the dynamic assessment and embodied the assessment tool to evaluate the mathematical achievement of the lower grades of the primary school. Lastly, it was provided the examples of the dynamic assessment tool in order to assist the practice of it.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the cognitive functions would be correlated with psychotic symptoms and whether antipsychotic treatments would affect the cognitive functions after 8 weeks. Methods : The thirty-five schizophrenic patients were conducted in this study. The psychopathology was measured using PANSS. The memory function, executive function, and sustained attention were measured using Memory Assessment Scale(MAS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), and Vigilance(VIG) and Cognitrone(COG) in Vienna Test System. After 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, we retested the cognitive tests. Results : 1) The cognitive tests after the 8 week's treatment showed significant improvements in memory and executive function in the schizophrenic patients. On the other side, sustained attention did not show improvement. 2) The change of PANSS were correlated with perseverative response, perseverative error and total correct in WCST at baseline. WCST scores at baseline were correlated with negative symptoms, but not positive ones. Conclusion : These study suggests that 1) the impaired sustained attention could be a vulnerability marker in schizophrenia, 2) memory & executive function deficit could be reversible after treatment, and 3) medication might have a benefit in improving the cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the data supports that the better premorbid executive function was, the more favorable was the treatment response in schizophrenic patients. Finally, this study indicates that executive function might be an index of treatment improvement.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.120-128
• /
• 2002

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to develop a cognitive rehabilitation program and to investigate the effect of the program that restores the deficiency of memory, which is necessary to operate on high cognitive function such as problem-solving or judgement, for TBI(traumatic brain injury) patients. Methods:Sixteen TBI patients participated in this study. The inclusion criteria were : 1) aged 18 to 60 ; 2) higher than IQ 80 ; 3) lower than MMSE-K 25 and K-MAS(Korean version of Memory Assessment Scale) 85. We administered our program to an experimental group(N=8) in order to improve attention and memory for 4 weeks(total 12 section). Our program was not administrated to a control group(N=8) for 4 weeks. After administrating this program, we measured MMSE-K and K-MAS for the experimental and control groups. Results:The findings of the study were as follows. 1) the experimental group showed significant improvement on MMSE-K score in comparison with baseline, but the control group did not. 2) the experimental group showed significant improvement on K-MAS score in comparison with baseline, but the control group did not. In particular, among the three subscales of K-MAS, only verbal memory scale revealed significant improvement, while visual and short-term memory scales revealed no differences. Conclusion:Our cognitive rehabilitation program improves cognitive state and memory, particulary verbal memory, for TBI patients. These results imply that our program aids in rehabilitation of basic cognition such as memory which is necessary to operate on high cognitive function such as problem-solving or judgement, for TBI(traumatic brain injury) patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2023

PURPOSE: Falls are caused by a decline in physical and cognitive function. A quantitative evaluation tool that can comprehensively evaluate motor and cognitive functions for elderly people with an impaired physical function. This study assessed the clinical application potential by confirming the correlation between the physical function tests, cognitive and the stepping trail-making test (S-TMT). METHODS: Fourteen community-dwelling older patients (65-75 years) were recruited. The study conducted cognitive function tests with the trail-making test (TMT-A, B), and physical function tests (6-minute walking test (6MWT), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and timed up and go (TUG)). The results of were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were used for the general characteristics of the study subjects, and the correlations between S-TMT, other functional tests were examined through Pearson's correlation analysis. The statistical significance was set to .05. RESULTS: S-TMT had a significant positive correlation with the TUG (r = .588^*) and trail-making test-B (TMT-B) (r = .689^*, p < .05). Furthermore, S-TMT showed a negative correlation between SPPB (r = -.397) and 6MWT (r = -.422), but it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: S-TMT is a cognitive-gait dual-task performance evaluation tool that can be performed safely. A significant correlation was confirmed between the TUG test and the TMT-B. S-TMT is a dual-task screening tool that can evaluate both physical and cognitive functions simultaneously.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.563-579
• /
• 2016

This study seeks educational implication by analyzing research papers dealing with science assessment in the most recent 30 years in Korea. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the trends in published papers on science assessment, their purpose, methodology, and key words, especially concentrating on the cognitive and affective domains. We selected 273 research articles and categorized them by research object, subject, methodology, and contents. To examine the factors that affect the research trend, we also tried to contextualize papers' theme in terms of changes in national curriculum and assessment system during the contemporary period. As a result, an overall research trend reflects changes in science curriculum and assessment events such as implementation of college scholastic ability test or performance assessment. There is an unequal distribution in various aspects of the researches, showing a superiority in cognitive domains than the affective ones. By using standardized data obtained through the national and international assessment of educational achievement in science, quantitative researches were superior to qualitative ones. Studies on cognitive domain use variously written- and performance-based tests, whereas most studies of the affective ones prefer written tests. Applied research and evaluation research are predominant comparing to basic ones, which most of the research methodology is based on statistics. Lastly, we found out that key words and subjects tend to be subdivided and detailed rather than general and comprehensive, as time goes on. Such trend will be helpful to elaborate and refine assessment tools that have been regarded as a problem.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.497-520
• /
• 2006

The purpose of the study was to construct future research basis for large scale assessment framework by analyzing current domestic and international large scale assessment frameworks. Six frameworks were compared and analyzed. The characteristics of TIMSS, PISA, NAEP, NECAP were described in detail, and three frameworks, Korea, the United States, and International, were compared and analysed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed by the clinical decision of a trained professional based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition or International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision diagnostic criteria. To obtain information for diagnostic formulation, professionals should explore detailed developmental history, and can use structured or semi-structured assessment tools to observe interaction between the child and parents or strangers. Diagnostic assessment should include a profile of the strength and weaknesses of the individual and should be conducted using an optimal approach by a multidisciplinary team with appropriate techniques and experience. Assessment of language, cognitive, neuropsychological, and adaptive functioning should be conducted in ASD individuals prior to establishing an individualized treatment plan. Genetic testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging or electroencephalogram testing can be considered for identification of underlying causes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.279-283
• /
• 2019

Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture, a treatment that injects Hominis placenta extract into acupoints, has been suggested in the literature and researches that it could be used for cognitive decline. We experienced a case of mild neurocognitive disorder treated with Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture could be a possible treatment modality producing substantial clinical result in cognitive function which is assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), and Korean-Dementia Rating Scale (K-DRS). A 84-year-old man with mild neurocognitive disorder received Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture on GV20, CV12, and bilateral ST36 for a month. The results of neuropsychological examination showed increase in scores after treatment of Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. Before treatment, they were 15 points for MoCA-K, and 120 points for K-DRS (7.6%), but after treatment, they elevated by 21 points for MoCA-K and 137 points for K-DRS (100%). MMSE-DS score was 28 points, unchanged before and after treatment. It did not cause any side-effect. Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture could be a safe option for treating mild neurocognitive disorder.