• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.249-261
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• 2006

This study investigated the influence of socio-environmental variables and cognitive variables on adolescent depression. Subjects were 494 middle and high school students of Deagu. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire; data were analyzed by t-test, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis. Among Socio-environmental variables, social support variables had a stronger effect on depression than stress. Among cognitive variables, automatic thought had a stronger effect on depression than cognitive distortion and socio-environmental variables. In path analysis, social support had a direct effect on cognitive distortion and automatic thought. Automatic thought served as a mediater of the relation between social support and depression. Although adolescent stress resulted in high depression, its effect on depression varied with the level of perceived social support.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2017

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to identify the effect of cognitive improvement programs for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Korea. Methods: Five databases, as well as relevant reference lists, of studies published from 2000 to 2016, were searched. Fourteen studies were identified. Quality assessments of included studies were conducted using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklist. An R program was used to analyze effect sizes and to identify possible sources of heterogeneity among studies. The potential for publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, Egger's regression test and sensitivity analysis. Results: The total effect size was large (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD]=1.44, 95% CI: 1.11~1.77), with cognition based intervention (SMD= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.26~2.29) and exercise intervention (SMD=1.13, 95% CI: 0.82~1.44). Statistically significant moderators were identified intervention type by meta-ANOVA analyses. Finally, no significant evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusion: There is clear evidence that cognitive improvement programs can greatly enhance cognition in elderly with MCI. Future research should examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions targeting elderly populations with mild-to-severe cognitive impairment in order to develop and enhance the effectiveness of cognitive improvement programs in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2013

What to analyze cognitive works that are involved in ship navigation is a basic work to make alternatives for maritime safety such as development of bridge equipments, extraction of potential human errors and development of education/ training methods. In the domains in which much research on the human error has been performed such as aviation and nuclear plant, analysis methods for cognitive work analysis have been developed and applied to them. However, the research on the cognitive work analysis is not sufficient in the maritime domain. This paper proposes a method to analyze cognitive work of ship navigation. The method was developed so that some maritime characteristics and a variety of factors influencing cognitive works are reflected on cognitive work analysis processes. On the other hand, an ship collision accident was analyzed by the proposed method as a case study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.4 s.152
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• pp.497-506
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify the cognitive complexity of clothing attributes, which influence the preference and purchase intentions. The subjects of this study are 434 female college students and formal survey methodologies were used for collecting data. Those data were analyzed with SAS program, and various methods such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, conjoint analysis, path analysis of Lisrel were followed. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Clothing involvement consists of the affective factor and the cognitive factor. 2) The consumers were divided into three groups with regards to the degree of their clothing involvement. 3) Significant differences were found regarding the cognitive complexity of clothing attributes among these groups.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.813-833
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to classify the results of previous studies on the cognitive function improvement program of the elderly into the cognitive impairment group and the normal group to compare the effect sizes of the groups using meta - analysis. Among the previous studies on cognitive function improvement programs reported in Korea for the last five years, 86 were selected and the effect sizes were summarized using meta-analysis. As a result of the study, the overall average effect size showed a large effect size in both groups. The effect sizes of the intervention types were high for the cognitive impairment group, and the exercise and cognitive-based interventions were similar for the normal group. The gender effect size was higher for the women with cognitive impairment group, and higher for the combined case with normal group. The effect sizes according to group size were higher for 20 persons in cognitive impairment group and higher for 21~40 persons in normal group. The total number of sessions in both groups was higher than 32 times, The number of sessions per week was 3 times for the cognitive impairment group, 4 to 6 times for the normal group. The duration of activity was 55~60 minutes in cognitive impairment group and 70~180 minutes in normal group as the number of sessions and activity time increased the effect size was higher in normal group. This study will be meaningful in that it provided basic data necessary for future program development by comparing and analyzing the effect sizes of the cognitive function improvement program type and the activity factors between the cognitive impairment group and the normal group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

The subjects were 500 college students in 7 provincial areas for the study on the structural relation among professors' core competency, college students' cognitive learning competency and life competencies. The statistical methods of this study were as follows: frequency analysis, descriptive statistic analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structure equation model analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, the lifelong learning educators' college students recognized core competency significantly affects on the college students' life competencies. Second, the lifelong learning educators' core competency significantly affects on the college students' cognitive learning competency. Third, the college students' cognitive learning competency significantly affects on life competencies. Fourth, the college students' cognitive learning competency has a significant mediating effect between the lifelong learning educators' core competency and the college students' life competencies. In other words, the lifelong learning educators' core competency based on the college students' cognitive learning competency has great effect on life competencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations among bone mineral density(BMD), serum lipid levels, and cognitive function in the elderly with dementia. Methods : We recruited seventy elderly with dementia(men=35, women=35) to participate in the Korean mini mental state examination(K-MMSE). Their T-scores and serum lipid levels were analyzed for correlation analysis. Results : The results of this study showed that there are significant correlations between cognitive function and three factors BMD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) level, and total cholesterol(TC) level. The cognitive function scores increased proportionally with BMD but were inversely proportional to LDL-C and TC levels. There were no significant relations among cognitive function, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level, and triglyceride(TG) level. Conclusion : These results indicate that there is a direct proportionality between cognitive function and BMD and inverse proportionalities between cognitive function and LDL-C level and between cognitive function and TC level. Therefore, these levels can be indices for preventing and predicting dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find sensitive indicator of food intake and specific food group related to cognitive function and to analyze the pathway among factors affecting food intake and cognitive function of the aged. 179 people over 50 years old were investigated and all the data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 package. Food frequency was more sensitive indicator to show the relationship between food intake and cognitive function of the aged than the numbers of standard amount of food eaten. Consumption of grains and starch, meat, fish, eggs and beans were strongly related to cognitive function of the aged and intake of vegetables and fruits also have relationship with it. Moreover, the more frequent eating the carbohydrate and the protein, the higher the cognitive level of the aged. Age, education period, income, blood pressure, duration after retirement, frequency of physical activity and BMI were correlated with food intake and cognitive function of the aged. Among them, age and frequency of physical activity were most strongly correlated with food intake, and education period with cognitive function of them. This investigation shows that more stable intake of carbohydrate and protein containing foods need to be supplied to low income aged and the importance of physical activity of the aged must be emphasized with food intake for better life of the aged.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of vitamin D and calcium on depression and cognitive function of the elderly living alone in a city. Methods: The participants were registered in eight senior centers in S city and they had lived alone. Data were collected between November 28, 2014 and March 7, 2015. A total of 155 people participated in data collection to measure the serum vitamin D, the serum calcium, depression, and cognitive function. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in depression according to gender and perceptions of health status. Depression correlated significantly with the serum calcium and perceptions of health status, and a stepwise regression analysis showed that the perceptions of health status were significant. There were significant differences in cognitive function according to education level and age. Cognitive function correlated significantly with the serum vitamin D and a stepwise regression analysis showed that education level and age were significant. Conclusion: Consequently, elderly people with poor perceptions of their health status need a depressive intervention program and those with a higher age and lower level of education need a cognitive function intervention program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.553-568
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• 2020

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether food intake is effective in preventing diseases related to cognitive impairment. We searched English databases namely MEDLINE, PubMed and ScienceDirect from 2000 to May 2020, and Korean databases namely RISS, KISS, and DBPIA from 1990 to May 2020. We divided the data into 15 groups using the food group classification of the Korean Nutrition Society (KNS). The effect size (Cohen's d) was estimated using a random-effect model, and a 95% confidence interval was calculated for each study. We included 17 cross-sectional studies and 7 cohort studies which involved 45,115 participants. As a result of analyzing the subgroups in the Asian population of both sexes, it was observed that grain intake has a protective effect against cognitive impairment. For females, pulses and fish also have a protective role against cognitive impairment. In the case of seaweed, a negative relationship was found with a moderate protective effect against cognitive impairment (Cohen's d:-0.533, 95% CI: -0.939, -0.126; p=0.010) in Korean studies. Dairy products are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in the American and European population but drinking alcohol is associated with a lower impairment risk. These results provide a basis for formulating the dietary guidelines for preventing dementia for each country.