DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium on Cognitive Function and Depression in the Elderly Living in a City

  • Lee, Yu-Jin (Department of Nursing, Dongnam Health University) ;
  • Kim, Yun-Su (Promotion Support Team, 'Outreach Community Service Center' Project in Seoul)
  • Received : 2017.05.01
  • Accepted : 2017.07.11
  • Published : 2017.09.30

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of vitamin D and calcium on depression and cognitive function of the elderly living alone in a city. Methods: The participants were registered in eight senior centers in S city and they had lived alone. Data were collected between November 28, 2014 and March 7, 2015. A total of 155 people participated in data collection to measure the serum vitamin D, the serum calcium, depression, and cognitive function. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in depression according to gender and perceptions of health status. Depression correlated significantly with the serum calcium and perceptions of health status, and a stepwise regression analysis showed that the perceptions of health status were significant. There were significant differences in cognitive function according to education level and age. Cognitive function correlated significantly with the serum vitamin D and a stepwise regression analysis showed that education level and age were significant. Conclusion: Consequently, elderly people with poor perceptions of their health status need a depressive intervention program and those with a higher age and lower level of education need a cognitive function intervention program.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2014 national survey on the elderly life conditions and welfare need. Sejong: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2014 December. Report No.: 2014-61.
  2. Kim KB, Lee YJ, Sok SH, Bae JE. A comparative study on health status, depression, and quality of life between the elderly living with family and the elderly living alone. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2008;20(5):765-777.
  3. You KS, Park HS. Comparison of health status between senior people living alone and those who live with their families. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society. 2003;23(4):163-179.
  4. Eyles DW, Smith S, Kinobe R, Hewison M, McGrath JJ. Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1 ${\alpha}$-hydroxylase in human brain. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 2004;29(1):21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.08.006
  5. Hoogendijk WJG, Lips P, Dik MG, Deeg DJ, Beekman AT, Penninx BW. Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2008;65(5):508-512. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.508
  6. Zhao G, Ford ES, Li C, Balluz LS. No associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone and depression among US adults. British Journal of Nutrition. 2010;104(11):1696-1702. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510002588
  7. Lee DM, Vanderschueren D, Boonen S, O'Neill TW, Pendleton N, Pye SR, et al. Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older European men. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2009;80(7):722-729. https://doi.org:10.1136/jnnp.2008.165720.
  8. May HT, Bair TL, Lappée DL, Anderson JL, Horne BD, Carlquist JF, Muhlestein JB. Association of vitamin D levels with incident depression among a general cardiovascular population. American Heart Journal. 2010;159(6):1037-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2010.03.017
  9. Koo S, Park K. Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with depression and depressed condition in Korean adults: results from KNHANES 2008-2010. Journal of nutrition and health. 2014;47(2):113-123. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.2.113
  10. McGrath J, Scragg R, Chant D, Eyles D, Burne T, Obradovic D. No association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level and performance on psychometric tests in NHANES III. Neuroepidemiology. 2007;29(1-2):49-54. https://doi.org/10.1159/000108918
  11. Wilson VK, Houston DK, Kilpatrick L, Lovato J, Yaffe K, Cauley JA, et al. Relationship between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and cognitive function in older adults: health, aging and body composition study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 2014;62(4):636-641. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12765
  12. Moon JH, LIM S, Han JW, Kim KM, Choi SH, Kim KW, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging (KLoSHA). Clinical Endocrinology. 2015;83 (1):36-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12733
  13. Widmer J1, Mouthon D, Raffin Y, Chollet D, Hilleret H, Malafosse A, et al. Weak association between blood sodium, potassium, and calcium and intensity of symptoms in major depressed patients. Neuropsychobiology. 1997;36(4):164-171. https://doi.org/10.1159/000119378
  14. Lim YH. The effect of calcium supplementation and supplementary duration with depression at Korean home-maker. [master's thesis]. [Busan]: Donga University; 2004. 23 p.
  15. Jeong YJ, Han AL, Shin SR, Lee SY. Relationship between diet and prevalence of depression among Korean adults: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2010. Journal of Agricultural Medicine and Community Health. 2016;41(2):75-84. https://doi.org/10.5393/jamch.2016.41.2.075
  16. Schram MT, Trompet S, Kamper AM, Craen AJM, Hofman A, Euser SM, et al. Serum calcium and cognitive function in old Age. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2007;55(11):1786-1792. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01418.x
  17. Gao S, Jin Y, Unverzagt FW, Ma F, Hall KS, Murrell JR, et al. Trace element levels and cognitive function in rural elderly Chinese. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2008;63(6):635-641. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.6.635
  18. Jung KA, Lee YA, Kim SY, Chang NS. Associations of cognitive function and dietary factors in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Nutrition and Health. 2008;41(8):718-732.
  19. Kee BS. A preliminary study for the standardization of geriatric depression scale short form-Korea version. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 1996;35(2):298-307.
  20. Yesavage JA, Sheikh JI. Geriatric depression scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist. 1986;5(1-2):165-173. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
  21. Kwon YC, Park JH. Korean version of mini-mental state examination (MMSE-K). Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 1989;28(1):125-135.
  22. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1975;12(3):189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
  23. Kim IK, Kim OS. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the physiological indices, muscle mass, and physical functions of aged women. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2013;25(5): 539-548. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.5.539
  24. Jung IK. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korea: Results from KNHANES 2010 to 2011. Journal of Nutrition and Health. 2013;46(6):540-551. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.540
  25. Looker AC, Dawson-Hughes B, Calvo MS, Gunter EW, Sahyoun NR. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone. 2002;30(5):771-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00692-0
  26. Son SM, Chun YN. Association between bone mineral density and bone nutrition indicators in elderly residing in low income area of the city. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2004;33(1):107-113. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.1.107
  27. Niladri D, Deepika L, Chakravarty S. A study of serum magnesium and serum calcium in major depressive disorder. Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences. 2016;7(1):70-74. https://doi.org/10.5958/2394-2061.2016.00012.4
  28. Seo SO, So AY. Depression and cognitive function of the community- dwelling elderly. Journal Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2016;27(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.1.1
  29. Kim CG, Park SM. Gender difference in risk factors for depression in community-dwelling elders. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2012;42(1):136-147. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.136
  30. Won JS, Kim KH. Evaluation of Cognitive functions, depression, life satisfaction among the elderly receiving visiting nursing services. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2008;38 (1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.1