• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2017

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the cognition-enhancing effects of Ixeris dentata (Thunb) Nakai in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce amnesia in mice. The cognitive-enhancing activity of the IDE (10, 20 and $40{\mu}g/mL$) was studied by passive avoidance response, elevated plus maze and Y-maze behavioral paradigm in normal and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits were significantly reversed by IDE (P < 0.001 at 20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent fashion in all the behavioral paradigms tested. IDE possesses cognitive-enhancing properties in amnesic mice due to its potent antioxidant action.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.688-691
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• 2009

The methanol extract of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) has been investigated for its cognition enhancing effects by evaluation of inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase, a degrading enzyme of acetylcholine, a brain neurotransmitter, and ${\beta}$- secretase, which forms the ${\beta}$-amyloid toxic protein from its precursor protein. A passive avoidance task, one of the animal model experiments for learning and memory, was also performed. As a result, the melon extract showed 15.8% and 35.3% inhibition on acetylcholinesterase and ${\beta}$-secretase, respectively, with a final concentration of 100 mg/ml. In the animal model test, melon extract significantly (p<0.05) lengthened the step-through latency time by 22.7% compared to the control group, suggesting that melon extract has, indeed, an effect on cognition enhancement.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to propose a novel social LMS developed for group collaborative learning with a think-aloud tool integrated for sharing cognitive processes in order to improve group collaborative learning performance. In this developmental research, the system was designed with three critical elements: the think-aloud element supports learners through shared cognition, the social network element improves the quality of collaborative learning by forming a structured social environment, and the learning management element provides a understructure for collaborative learning for student groups. Moreover, the three critical elements were combined in an educational context and applied in three directions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to suggest a method for training students majoring in dental hygiene with a sense of professionalism by identifying meta-cognition, efficient learning strategies, and self-directedness necessary to become a spontaneous, self-controlled learner. Methods: A survey was conducted on 316 students majoring in dental hygiene, and collected data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23.0. A post-hoc analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, and Duncan's multiple range test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship among meta-cognition, learning strategy, and self-directedness. Results: The meta-cognition, learning strategy, and self-directedness scores of students majoring in dental hygiene were 3.25, 3.08, and 3.12, respectively. Meta-cognition was significant because the grade was lower, and the previous semester grade and major satisfaction were higher. Learning strategy was significant because the previous semester grade and major satisfaction were higher among general high school students. Self-directedness was significantly low in students whose self-conviction score was below 2.0 in terms of the previous semester grade and significantly high with high self-satisfaction. Conclusions: Instructors at the dental hygiene department should acknowledge the importance of meta-cognition, find various teaching methods to improve learning strategy, and encourage students to participate in class by enhancing self-directedness in learning.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2011

Purpose: To examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise (TCE) on muscle strength, flexibility of low extremities, postural balance and cognition in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Method: A nonequivalent control-group pre and post-test design was used. Of the 30 participants 15 were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The experimental group participated in 8 weeks of TCE which included one day of exercise with instructor on site and 3 days of self-exercise at home guided by a videotape. Results: The 8 weeks of TCE were found to be significantly effective in enhancing strength of low extremities, flexibility of ankles and shoulders, time of tandem stand with eye closed and level on the K-MMSE (Korean mini mental state examination). Conclusion: These results suggest that TCE has positive effects on physical fitness and cognition in patients with PD. Research over an extended period with the TCE intervention is recommended to identify further effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix. It is frequently used as a tranditional oriental medicine herbal treatment for swelling and injury and for detoxification. However, the effects of LQ on cognitive function have not been fully explored. In this study, we evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of LQ and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in mice. Learning and memory ability were evaluated with the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests following administration of LQ. In addition, the expression of NMDAR subunits 1, 2A, and 2B; postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95); phosphorylation of $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were examined by Western blot. In vivo, we found that treatment with LQ significantly improved memory performance in both behavioral tests. In vitro, LQ significantly increased NMDARs in the hippocampus. Furthermore, LQ significantly increased PSD-95 expression as well as CaMKII, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that LQ has cognition enhancing activities and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the NMDAR and CREB signaling pathways.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.617-626
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of nurses' core competencies and cognition of job competency of senior nurses on work performance. Methods: Three hundred two nurses participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 20.0. Frequency, t-test, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression were utilized. Results: The level of nurses' core competencies was 3.65 (${\pm}.40$) points, cognition of job competency of senior nurses was 4.02 (${\pm}.60$) points, and work performance was 4.04 (${\pm}.55$) points. In accordance with the participant's general characteristics, work performance was found to be significant in their age, marital status, educational level, total clinical experience, length of time on the present ward, and their income. Cognition of job competency of senior nurses was found to be the most effective factor in work performance, followed by core competencies and total clinical experience, and these factors accounted for 63.4%. Conclusion: The study suggested that work performance was highly affected by the nurses' core competencies and cognition of job competency of senior nurses. Therefore, effective education programs are required to provide an appropriate experience to both entry-level and experienced nurses, as well as to help in enhancing nurses' and senior nurses competency at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study is to understand the marketing approaches and strategies that are used to disseminating biodegradable fishing gears and distinguish the cognition and the non-cognition group's attitudes on the product. We used a technology acceptance model for analyzing product attributes and its impacts on fishers' purchase. The result of this research shows that 'perceived usefulness and easiness of use' have positive effect on 'purchase intention,' and then give impacts on 'purchase intention' for the entire respondents. For the cognitive respondents these factors have influence on 'attitude' but they do not affect 'purchase decision.' However, 'perceived usefulness and easiness of use' have much positive impact on 'purchase intention.' In the non-cognition group, the 'perceived intention' and 'company and country of manufacturers' have direct positive effect on 'purchase intention' through 'attitude' and also 'on 'purchase intention.' This research provides some meaningful policy implications on further development and technology marketing of biodegradable fishing gears.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2010

To develop a new functional kimchi with cognition-enhancing properties, black Panax ginseng extract (0.5-5%, w/w) was added to a baechu kimchi preparation and the mixture stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Compared with control kimchi, the L values of ginseng-treated material were significantly decreased, but the a and b values were increased. The hardness value of ginseng-treated kimchi was significantly higher than that of control material from the $20^{th}$ day of storage. The edibility period of baechu kimchi treated with ginseng was prolonged by approximately 15 days compared with control kimchi. This resulted from decreases in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the final stages of fermentation in ginseng-treated material. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by ginseng-treated kimchi was 2-fold higher than that of control material. A strong ginseng flavor and a bitter taste were evident in kimchi treated with 5% (w/w) ginseng, and sensory quality was thus decreased compared with control material. It was concluded that an appropriate concentration of black ginseng extract was 3% (w/w) in preparation of kimchi with a cognition-enhancing effect.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of the Ethanolic extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and its permented production the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. Methods : The cognition-enhancing effect of Platycodon grandiflorum and its permented production were investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Results : The results showed that the Permented Platycodon grandiflorum extract-treated group (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and the tacrine-treated group (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia based on the Passive avoidance Y-maze test and Water maze test. And these results are same manner in DPPH radical scavenger effect and Acetylcholineseterase inhibition effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that 80% Ethanol extract of fermented P.grandiflorum showed significant anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent of the learning models.