• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.604-615
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits of smokers and non-smokers among a few male university students residing in Changwon-si and factors that affect their smoking behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted for a duration of one month in June 2015 (n=367). The results of this study showed that the breakfast skipping rate of the smoking group was significantly higher compared to the non-smoking group (p<0.001), and the smoking rate was significantly higher among those with more serious smoking problems (p<0.001). Compared to the non-smoking group, the smoking group showed significantly higher BMI (body mass index) (p<0.05) and demonstrated significant drinking habit of more liquid type yogurt among milk and dairy products and significantly more coffee mixes among fat, oils, and sugars (p<0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis showed the necessity to prepare smoking systems in school (t=-2.87, p<0.05), encumbrances to studies due to smoking (t=-3.59, p<0.001), and variables that affect smoking such as the number of close friends who smoke (t=4.17, p<0.001), BMI (t=3.08, p<0.05), and the level of problematic drinking (t=3.67, p<0.001). The results of this study suggest factors that must be considered in establishing smoking prevention education programs, anti-smoking policies, and strategies for university students.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.256-264
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type. Methods: A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chisquare test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types. Results: Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups. Conclusions: The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.19-35
• /
• 1995

This study was designed to identify the severity of anorexia and the diet patterns in receiving chemotherapy. The identification of anorexia would provide useful and basic information to oncology nursing care. The subjects of this study were 102 hospitalized chemotherapy patients in a September 10, 1994. The subjects were 20 years old or above and who agreed to participate in this study and could understand the questionnaire. Three-days diet history were collected and analysed. The study subjects change, food aversions, the severity of anorexia. Data related to demographic and other mecdical characteristics such as age, diagnosis, and medication were collected by review of patient medical record. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) The score of anorexia was 73.7 in Anorexia Visual Analogue Scales and mean amount of fool intake per a day was 823cc. The larger the anorexia VAS score, the more severe of anorexia. 2) The food preferences of subjects were identified. Those were aversions, or dislikes the meat such as beef, pork, and chicken, and greesy or fried foods. The Caffeinated drinks such as coffee and tea were disgusted, also. The patients preferred vegetables and Korean traditional food especially kimchee and soy bean soap. 3) Those who were administered analgesics and cisplatin suffered more severe in anorexia than those who analgesics and cisplatin was not administarted. The patients with gastrointestinal cancer has more severe anorexia than those who have the other site cancer ; head and neck, genirourinary etc. The result of this study in turn provide valuable nursing practice guidelines for nutritional counseling in cancer chemotherapy patient. Nurses working with chemotherapy ward should identify the severity of anorexia and diet patterns. In conclusion, the severity of anorexia in cancer chemotherapy patients is very important problems. Health care personnels recognize the potential problems of anorexia and encourage the nutritional counseling in cancer chemotherapy patients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.575-586
• /
• 1999

We studied teachers' breakfast habits and their preferences on various breakfast types so that we will furnish data to nutrition education including ideal breakfast habit and development of various menus. The meal considered as most importantly were dinner (66.2%), fellowed by lunch(21.6%), all three meals(6.4%) and breakfast(5.8%). Men considered breakfast more importantly than women. On the contrary, women considered dinner more significantly compared to men. The group aged 45 and over emphasized breakfast and all three meal. 78.1% of subjects answered that breakfast is necessary and 61.5% of subjects ate breakfast regularly. Those who have breakfast regularly was lower in women(50.0%) than in men(71.3%). Instead, those who eat breakfast irregularly or skipping it was higher among women(50.0%) than among men(29.7%). The percentages of having breakfast regularly was higher in older groups. For breakfast, 82.1% of subjects had conventional meal which included rice, soup and Kimch. On the other hand, 13.9% of subjects had Western style breakfast such as bread, cornflakes and milk. The major reason for eating breakfast regularly was answered as 'maintain health(71.8%)'. The major reason for eating breakfast irregularly or skipping was 'don't have enough time to eat(48.0%)', 'poor appetite(28.6%)'. The major physical discomfort after skipping breakfast was 'experience brash(35.6%)', 'lack of physical strength(35.1%)'. Subjects answered that breakfast served as 'source of physical strength(64.9%)', 'provides nutritional balance for a day(21.1%)' and 15.0% of subjects ate out breakfast. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers as well as school children be provided breakfast and snack in school. The preference and opinion regarding breakfast types wer conventional food including rice, soup and Kimch(67.0%). There was a little preference in Western style food such as bread, milk and coffee(14.3%), cereals mixture and porridge(10.7%). It was noticeable that 49.1% of females and those who reside in Seoul(42.2%) selected various breakfast types excluding conventional food. Therefore it will be accepted to working women as breakfast if it is nutritionally balanced and cook well in short time.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.225-242
• /
• 1995

This study was undertaken to review the relationship between middle-school students' food-behavior and their health conditions/school performances. For this purpose, 495 male and female middle-school students were sampled form seven middle schools located in Seoul for a questionnaire survey. The surveyed data were analysed with simple frequency, percentage, t-test, chi-square test, dispersion analysis, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple-regression analysis which make use of the SPSS/PC+ package system. The results of survey can be summarized as follows; Most of students had three meals a day regularly, but some female students used to skip breakfast or supper. The amount of a mael was adequate. Their main night-smacks were fruits. The problem perceived by students was unbalanced meal ; Female students took more snack than that of male students. They usually took a snack a day. All students tended to take delicious snacks. The most favorate smack of students was fruits. Most students did not suffer any serious diseases, but some had one or more respiratory diseases. Female students had some or other physical troubles in their eyes, mouth, digesting organs, muscle/bone, skin and had fatigue. Female students had mental problems of depression, uneasiness and hostility. The average I.Q. of students was 117.4, and those who had higher I.Q. got much higher scores. The regularity and amount of meal and intake of animal food were all positively related with the growth of height and weight. And the taller, the higher I.Q. they had. Those students who took meals three times regularly and adequately, who had no coffee and snack and who took balanced meals were healthier in both physical and mental terms. In particular, those who had adequate amount of breakfast regularly were not only healthier but also had higher I.Q. and school performance.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2013

Background: Many factors including drugs, dietary supplements, and food intake can affect the development and organ formation of fetuses. Because of this, subject tends to avoid consuming things like coffee, alcohol, or cigarettes due to the risks they pose during pregnancy. Therefore, analysis of drugs and favorite food consumption is needed and important to ensure safe health management for subject. Purpose: This study was conducted domestically to analyze these factors in South Korea. Method: The survey was conducted from pregnancy-related online communities for six days and the survey results were received via email for analysis. Result: A total of 127 subjects answered the questionnaire via email; the characteristics of subjects are widely varied in their ages, education levels, job statuses, and residences. The questionnaire included the intake of dietary supplements during pregnancy including vitamins and the result showed that the subjects took 2.23 different kinds of supplements on average. In order of highest frequency, 101 subjects took multivitamins; 79 subjects took an iron supplement; 30 subjects took analgesics; 20 subjects took prescribed antipyretic and medication for upper respiratory diseases; 12 subjects took antibiotics; 7 subjects took antiemetics. Their compliances were different in each medication categories. Only 8% of subjects answered that they had asked a pharmacist for medication information during pregnancy. In addition, 78% of subjects answered that they never counseled with anyone about pregnancy related medication use. Conclusion: In conclusion, many subjects took medication including dietary supplements. The role of pharmacists should be actively developed to improve subject care such as education about subject's medication uses and their food consumption behavior.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.89-104
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 소비자들의 성별, 결혼여부, 연령, 최종학력, 직업, 월평균 소득 등과 같은 인구통계학적특성에 따라 다양한 메뉴 즉, 업종, 식재료, 조리법, 맛, 음식온도 등에 대한 선호도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 대구 경북지역의 커피숍, 지하철 등에서 일반 소비자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 2013년 1월 5일부터 1월 10일까지 약 6일간 진행되었고, 307부가 최종분석에 사용되었다. 분석결과 인구통계학적특성에 따라 업종 별(한식, 양식, 중식, 일식, 뷔페, 약선음식, 분식)에 따라 가장 많은 차이를 보였다. 그 차이를 살펴보면, 결혼여부, 연령, 학력, 직업에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대체로 기혼자는 한식과 약선음식을 선호하는 것으로 나타났고, 미혼은 양식, 중식, 뷔페, 분식 등을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 젊은 소비자들은 양식, 중식, 뷔페, 분식을 선호하는 것으로 나타났고, 연령대가 높은 소비자들은 한식을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 미혼자이면서 젊은 소비자는 쇠고기, 돼지고기 메뉴를 좋아하고, 기혼자이면서 40대 이상인 소비자는 야채메뉴를 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 40대 이상보다 30대 이하가 볶음 메뉴와 튀김메뉴를 더 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.669-674
• /
• 2006

청과물의 품질 영양표시 모델을 개발하기 위하여 경북의성군 옥자두를 대상으로 품질 및 영양적 성분을 분석하고 품질 영양표시 모델을 확립하였다. 일반성분은 수분 92%, 조단백 0.74%, 조지방 0.64%, 조섬유 1.65%, 조회분 0.32%, 무질소물 4.29%로 확인되었으며, 열량은 32kcal/100g 으로 계산되었다. 당도는 $10.33{\pm}0.85Brix^{\circ}$로, 산도는 $1.08{\pm}0.12%$로 나타났으며, 자두의 비타민 C 함량은 $7.037{\pm}0.317mg%$로 나타났다. 무기질은 황, 칼륨, 칼슘, 나트륨, 마그네슘 등의 순으로 함량이 높았고, 주요 유리당으로는 과당, 포도당, 자당로 나타났다. 유기산으로는 호박산, 사과산, 구연산이 확인되었다. 총 페놀화합물의 함량은 과육과 과피 간에 현저하게 차이를 보였으며 전과로는 $75.55{\pm}0.73mg%$의 함량을 보였다. 품질 표시에는 당과 산 함량, 영양 정보 표시에는 열량, 미네랄, 비타민 C, 총 페놀 성분이 표기된 자두의 품질 영양 표시 모델을 개발하여 제시하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제35권8호
• /
• pp.973-978
• /
• 2006

동결건조한 chitosan-ascorbate(CAs)와 chitosan-acetate(CAc)의 용해성, 항균성, 항산화성을 비교하였다. 용해성을 조사한 결과 CAs는 증류수, 식초, 녹차, 소주, 맥주, 적포도주에 0.5%이상의 농도로 용해되었으나 간장, 두유, 우유, 오렌지주스, 커피, 참기름, 대두유에는 녹지 않았다. CAc도 CAs의 경우와 비슷하나 맥주에서는 0.1%이하의 농도에서 용해되었으며 적포도주에서는 커드를 형성하였다. CAc의 전자공여능, 항산화능 및 SOD활성은 CAc에서는 각각 0, 40.0 및 10.0%였으나 CAs의 경우는 48.2, 90.6 및 67.5%로 CAc보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. B. circulans, B. brevis, B. licheniformis, B. arabitane, B. sterothermophillus에 대한 CAs와 CAc의 최소저해농도(MIC)는 다같이 $200\;{\mu}g/disc$이었으며, E. coli O157, Listeria monocytogenous, B. cereus, B. subtilis에 대한 MIC는 다같이 $400\;{\mu}g/disc$으로 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. CAs와 CAc의 Hunter's L*값은 $81.95{\sim}82.97$로 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 Hunter's a* 및 b*값은 CAs가 높았다. 관능검사 결과, CAs는 CAc에 비하여 신맛과 쓴맛은 낮았으나 떫은맛은 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 CAs는 CAc에 비하여 항균성, 항산화성 및 기호도 측면에서 우수하여 식품에의 활용이 기대된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.235-244
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Based on the results from the Korean Total Diet Study (KTDS), the sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intake of Koreans were estimated and compared with intake estimates from the Food & Nutrient Database (FNDB), as in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to verify the validity of these estimates. Methods: One hundred and thirty-four representative foods (RFs) covering 92.5% of the total food intake of Koreans were selected, and 228 pairs of corresponding 'RF x representative cooking method' were derived by reflecting the methods used mainly in terms of frequency and quantity in their cooking. RF samples were collected from three cities with a larger population size in three regions (nine cities) nationwide, and six composite samples were made for each RF, considering its regional and/or seasonal characteristics. One thousand three hundred and sixty-eight 'RF x representative cooking method' pair samples were prepared, and the Na and K contents were assessed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Na and K intake of the Korean population was estimated by linking the content with the food intake data from the 7th KNHANES. Results: The mean Na and K intake of Koreans were 2,807.4 mg and 2,335.0 mg per person per day, respectively. A comparison with the Na and K intake from KNHANES, including only RFs of KTDS, showed comparable results with less than 5% variation. While the contribution and ranking of food items to Na intake were similar between KNHANES and KTDS, there were differences in K intake. This was attributed to the large discrepancies in the K content of rice and coffee between KTDS results and the values in the 9th Revision of the National Food Composition Table used in KNHANES. Conclusions: The Na and K intake of Koreans estimated based on the KTDS, which performed nutrient analysis on samples prepared to a 'table-ready' state using foods of the representative collection, was similar and comparable with that of KNHANES. This supports the validity and usefulness of FNDB-based nutrient intake estimation at the population level. The list of nutrients studied in KTDS is expected to be expanded, allowing for intake estimation of nutrients with currently insufficient or absent information in the FNDBs in use.