• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.740-751
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• 1994

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes is recently used as a biomarker for increased cytogenetic damage in smokers. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if there were any relationships between dietary factors and their DNA damage as measured by SCE test in a group of 62 male cigarette smokers and 36 non-smokers. As expected, smokers as compared with non-smokers had high SCE levels (10.59$\pm$0.21 versus 9.23$\pm$0.17 SCE/lymphocytes ; p<0.05). No significant relationships were observed between SCEs and age in smokers and non-smokers. In smokers, SCEs were negatively correlated with egg frequency score(r=-0.336) and total food frequency scores(r=-0.283). In non-smokers, SCEs were positively correlated with white vegetable frequency score(r=0.333) and instant food frequency score(r=0.382). There was a positive association between SCEs and the history of coffee intake of smokers(r=0.318). SCE frequency was not influenced by any other dietary factors considered ; dietary diversity and quality scores, alcohol consumption, use of processed foods and intake of burned food. No significant relationships were found between SCEs and serum cholesterol or other hematological parameters of the subjects. These results indicate that increased egg frequency score, total food frequency score which reflects dietary quality, and decreased coffee intake may reduce cancer risk by preventing smoking-induced DNA damage as reflected by sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among attitude toward eating seafood, perceived behavioral control (PBC), health involvement, behavioral intention and consumption. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated an excellent model fit. Health involvement had considerable effects on attitude and intention, which were statistically significant. The effects of attitude and PBC on intention were also statistically significant. Futhermore, the effects of attitude, PBC, and intention on consumption were statistically significant. As expected, intention had a significant effect on consumption. Moreover, health involvement had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude and PBC. Attitude had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. PBC also had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrated the relationship among variables such as health involvement and attitude, along with seafood consumption behavior, this study approaches a deeper understanding of how perceptions, on the importance of a healthy diet and other factors, influence consumption behavior.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of attitude toward fish eating, Health involvement and convenience on the relationship between fish consumption and age. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to measure the causal relationships between constructs. Results of the study demonstrated that the structural equation analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The effects of age on involvement and convenience were statistically significant. The effects of age on attitude and consumption was not statistically significant. As expected, the involvement had a significant effect on attitude and consumption. The attitude and convenience had a significant effect on consumption. The effect of involvement on convenience was not statistically significant. Moreover, the attitude, involvement and convenience played a mediating role in the relationship between consumption and age. The involvement played a mediating role in the relationship between attitude and age. The involvement played no mediating role in the relationship between convenience and age. The attitude and convenience played no mediating role in the relationship between consumption and involvement.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2017

경기도 용인지역에 위치한 고등학교에 재학 중인 고등학생 310명을 대상으로 카페인 함유 식품의 소비 패턴 및 소비 수준에 대한 조사를 실시한 후 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구 대상자의 성별은 남학생이 171명(55.2%), 여학생이 139명(44.8%)이었으며 학년은 1학년이 31.9%, 2학년이 34.2%, 3학년이 33.9%였다. 하루 평균 카페인 소비량은 남학생의 경우 41.27 mg, 여학생은 36.47 mg으로 남학생이 많은 것으로 나타난 반면, 몸무게 1 kg당 하루 평균 카페인 소비량은 여학생 0.696 mg, 남학생 0.651 mg으로 여학생이 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 카페인의 소비패턴은 '커피류(남학생 18.95 mg/d, 여학생 26.28 mg/d)'가 성별과 관계없이 가장 많았으며 그다음으로는 '탄산음료류(남학생 14.29 mg/d, 여학생 5.85 mg/d)'로 나타났다. 남학생은 '커피류' 중 '캔커피(P<0.01)'와 '탄산음료(P<0.001)'의 소비가 여학생에 비해 많았으며 여학생(0.33 mg/d)은 남학생(0.24 mg/d)보다 '초콜릿류'의 소비가 많은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 카페인의 하루 평균 총소비량에 대한 각 카페인 함유 식품군의 기여도를 조사한 결과에서도 성별과 관계없이 '커피류(남학생 0.492, P<0.001, 여학생 0.944, P<0.001)'가 가장 높은 표준화 계수 값을 나타냈다. 그다음으로는 성별과 관계없이 '탄산음료류', '에너지음료류' 순이었다. KFDA의 청소년 기준 하루 안전한 카페인 소비량(<2.5 mg/kg)을 기준으로 고등학생들의 카페인 소비 수준을 조사한 결과, 남학생의 3.5%와 여학생의 5.8%가 과잉으로 카페인을 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 카페인 과잉섭취군의 하루 평균 카페인 소비량은 여학생(376.82 mg)이 남학생(341.35 mg)에 비해 많았으나 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며 몸무게 1 kg당 카페인 소비량은 남학생 5.38 mg, 여학생 6.96 mg으로 나타났다. 고등학생의 약 95% 정도가 하루 평균 카페인 소비량이 정상적인 수준을 나타내고는 있으나 일부 고등학생들의 카페인 섭취가 과잉된 것으로 나타났으므로 안전한 카페인의 섭취가 유도될 수 있도록 고카페인 식품에 대한 국가적인 차원의 철저한 관리지침을 통해 안전한 섭취의 유도 및 적극적인 영양교육이 요구된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among fish consumption behavior, attitude towards fish eating, health involvement, perceived convenience, and age. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results were an excellent model fit for the data. The influence of age on attitude towards fish eating, health involvement, and perceived convenience was statistically significant. As expected, attitude towards fish eating, health involvement, and perceived convenience had significant effects on fish consumption behavior. Moreover, age had a significant indirect effect on fish consumption behavior through health involvement. Age also had a significant indirect effect on fish consumption behavior through perceived convenience. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrate the relationships among age, psychological variables, and fish consumption behavior, this study may offer a deeper understanding of the complex relationships among the variables. A greater understanding of these complex relationships can improve the managerial diagnoses of problems and the opportunities for different marketing strategies, including product development and marketing communications.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measuring the effects of health involvement, attitude, perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral intention on seafood consumption. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. Structural equation model was used to measure the causal relationships among constructs. Results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis result for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The direct effect of health involvement on attitude was statistically significant. The direct effects of health involvement, attitude and PBC on consumption were statistically significant. As expected, attitude, PBC and behavioral intention had significant direct effects on consumption. Moreover, health involvement had a significant indirect effect on behavioral intention through attitude and PBC. Health involvement also had a significant indirect effect on consumption through attitude, PBC and behavioral intention. Attitude and PBC had significant indirect effects on consumption through behavioral intention. In conclusion, based on structural analysis, a model was proposed of interrelations among health involvement, attitude, PBC, behavioral intention and seafood consumption. Other variables(sensory variable, habit, norm etc) may be incorporated to form models that consist of new antecedent and consequence pairs.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.84-94
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• 2013

커피와 유사한 향미기를 갖는 녹차(Coffee-like green tea: CLGT)를 제조하고 이의 인체 유방암세포 주 MCF-7, 인체 전립선암세포 주 PC-3, 인체 신경모세포 주 SK-N-SH 및 쥐 심근세포 주 H9c2에 대한 세포독성을 연구하였다. 녹차엽(GTL)을 $240^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 roasting한 녹차가 커피와 가장 유사한 향미를 나타내었다. CLGT는 GTL과 비교하여 인체 암세포 및 정상세포와 쥐 심근세포에 대한 세포독성 차이가 없었다. GTL의 roasting은 ECG 등의 catechin 성분과 total protein은 유의성 있게 감소시켰지만, total phenol 및 total sugar는 유의성 있는 감소시키지 않아, 이와 같은 화합물 조성의 변화가 GTL에 커피유사 향미를 제공하였을 것이다. 따라서 이들 결과는 CLGT이 인체에 안전하여 커피 대용품으로 사용할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits, nutrient intake, bone mineral density(BMD) and bone metabolism in Korean male collegians as related to smoking situation. One hundred sixty one young adult males at the age of 20-26 participated in this study. The subjects were divided into four groups: non smoker(n=42), light smoker(n=34), moderate smoker(n=49) and heavy smoker(n=36). The anthropometric characteristics, smoking situations, dietary habits and nutrient intakes were observed. Bone status of the calcaneus was measured by using quantitative ultrasound(QUS). Bone metabolism markers including serum alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP) and N-mid osteocalcin(OC) were analyzed. There were no significant differences in height, weight, BMI, energy and calcium intake among the four groups. Iron intake of moderate and heavy smoker was significantly lower than that of light smoker. Heavy smokers consumed significantly lower vitamin C than moderate smokers, and their coffee consumption and lifetime alcohol consumption were significantly highest among the 4 groups. QUS parameters and serum ALP were not significantly different among the four groups. Serum OC levels were significantly lower in heavy and non smoker group compared to the moderate smoker group. In conclusion, heavy smokers in young male collegians had undesirable lifestyle and dietary habits, like as high consumption of coffee and alcohol, and low intake of Fe and vitamin C. Although, there was no significant difference in their current bone status from the other groups, these undesirable factors with heavy smoking may affect their bone health in the long term.

• 감성과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

현대사회는 산업혁명 이후 물질적 풍요로움 속에 살고 있다. 한편 제품에 다양화에 따른 소비자들의 욕구도 다양화 되고 있다. 현대 소비자들은 과거와 달리 단순히 목적 지향적인 소비가 아니라 감성과 가치관을 충족시키는 개성적 소비로 트렌드가 바뀌고 있다. 그 대표적인 사례가 스타벅스다. 스타벅스는 매장 장식부터 시작해 전 세계 어느 매장이든 똑같은 자신들만의 매장 음악, 직원들의 서비스, 매력적인 커피 향 등으로 구성된 스타벅스만의 분위기를 파는 감성마케팅으로 오늘날 세계적인 커피 프랜차이즈로 성장했다. 이런 방법은 인간의 감성을 자극 하는 마케팅이기 때문에 눈에 보이지 않는 것을 인간의 감각이나 감성에 대입하여 호소하는 방식이다. 즉, 소비자들의 감성을 끌어 내어 제품에 대한 긍정적인 반응을 이끌어 내어 소비까지 이루어지게 하는 것이 감성마케팅의 매력이다. 제품이나 서비스에서 감성의 활용은 브랜드 이미지를 차별화하고 브랜드 로열티를 강화할 수 있는 핵심적인 방법이 되고 있다. 특히 소비자의 감동을 강하게 이끌어 내기 위해 고객서비스가 더욱 중요시 되고 있다. 무형의 서비스는 고객의 감동을 이끌어내는 최고의 수단이 되고 있다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

In consumption environment, the time interval is frequently found between purchase and consumption. The objective of this study is to determine how consumers' purchase intentions can be influenced by this type of temporal distance. Construal level theory holds that the 'distant future situation' tend to be construed on a higher level than the 'near future situation.' Accordingly, when considering the consumption in the near future, consumers tend to be more likely to focus on the feasibility of the alternatives than on desirability. Conversely, when considering the consumption in the distant future, they are more likely to focus on the desirability of the alternatives than on feasibility. Along with the previous literature, the current study investigates the effects of temporal distance between purchase and consumption on consumer choice. Moreover, we aim to determine under which conditions these effects pertain. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a 2(temporal distance:near future vs. distant future) x 2(alternative type:high desirability, low feasibility vs. low desirability, high feasibility) x 3(additional offering:no gift, free coffee coupon, free mini book) between subjects design. The results show that the main effects of temporal distance and additional offering are significant. The 2 way interaction between temporal distance and additional offerings is also significant. Specifically, the purchase intention differentiation from additional offering tends to be larger at shorter temporal distances (near future) than at long ones (distant future).