• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

The cloned X-bacterial gene (groEx) which is analogous to groE of E. Coli strongly expressed in E. coli when grown at the temperature 27.deg. C or higher without having to add any inducers. By S1-nuclease mapping, primer extension analysis and site directed mutagenesis, we found 4 promoters in the gene. Among them two promoters located at 5'-extended region of the gene are homologous to the promoters found in groE family of heat-shock genes ; they are , .sigma.$^{32}$ factor-dependent P1 promotor and .delta$^{70}$factor-dependet P2 promoter. The other two promoters found within the coding region of groESx were P3, 5'-TTGGCG-(18 bases)-AATACT-3' and P4, 5'-TTGGCA-(19 bases)-TAAGT which overlapped within 49 bases. These unique intragenic .delta.$^{70}$-dependent promoters are the first to be cloned and characterized in groE analogous heat-shock genes so far. These P3 and P4 promoters appeared to be responsible for the strong expression of GroElx in X-bacteria in vivo.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

By PCR amplification using the sequence of the previously cloned shiga-like toxin II DNA, a gene encoding it has been cloned from an isolate of healthy Korean native bovine feces, Escherichia coli KSC109. The nucleotide sequence s included tow open reading frames coding for 319 and 89 amino acids corresponding to A and B subunits, respectively. Comparison of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of newly cloned gene (slt-II) with those of others in the SLT-II family revealed completely identical homology with SLT-II cloned previously from bacteriophabe DNA of E. coli 933 derived from a patient with hemorrhagic colities. In addition, the sequence homology of SLT-II with SLT-II variant form bovine was more than 95% at both the nucleotide and protein levels. Overexpression of SLT-II recombinant gene by induction with IPTG using an E, coli hostvector, system was conducted and the correctly processed products with active mature form exhibited 1000-fold higher cytotoxycity for Vero cells than that form original strain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2006

H.264는 MPEG-2, MPEG-4 Part 2, H.263 등 기존의 비디오 압축 표준들에 비해 우수한 화질과 부호화 효율을 제공하여 차세대 비디오 압축 표준으로서 널리 사용될 전망이다. 현재 H.264표준화 그룹인 JVT에서는 디지털 시네마 영상을 위한 Advanced 4:4:4 프로파일에 대한 표준화가 진행 중이다. 이 프로파일은 기존의 프로파일과 달리 화소당 8-12비트의 영상을 지원하며, YUV 영상대신 RGB 영상을 입력영상으로 사용한다. 디지털 시네마 영상은 보통 HD급 이상의 화면 크기를 가지며 초당 24Hz의 프레임율을 가진다. 이러한 영상에서는 화소간의 공간적 유사성이 매우 높아지는 경향이 있으며, 30Hz 영상에 비해 시간적 유사성이 감소하는 경향이 있다. 그 결과 H.264로 디지털 시네마 영상 압축 시, 공간 예측을 통한 Intra 매크로블록의 비율이 다른 테스트 영상들에 비해 월등히 높다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 디지털 시네마 영상 압축 시, 화면간 예측을 수행하는 ME/MC에 비해 공간 예측이 효율적이다는 것을 입증한다. 화면간 예측의 성능을 향상하기 위해 본 논문에서는 ME/MC 후 생성된 잔차 신호들을 간단히 변환하는 방법을 제안한다. 간단한 변환 기술이 추가되어 화면간 예측의 압축 성능이 향상됨은 물론, Inter 프레임에서 화면간 예측과 공간예측을 모두 사용하였을 때 전체적인 압축성능이 향상함을 실험을 통하여 확인 할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1856-1869
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• 2015

This paper addresses the issues of 3D human activity detection, tracking and recognition from RGB-D video sequences using a feature structured framework. During human tracking and activity recognition, initially, dense depth images are captured using depth camera. In order to track human silhouettes, we considered spatial/temporal continuity, constraints of human motion information and compute centroids of each activity based on chain coding mechanism and centroids point extraction. In body skin joints features, we estimate human body skin color to identify human body parts (i.e., head, hands, and feet) likely to extract joint points information. These joints points are further processed as feature extraction process including distance position features and centroid distance features. Lastly, self-organized maps are used to recognize different activities. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is reliable and efficient in recognizing human poses at different realistic scenes. The proposed system should be applicable to different consumer application systems such as healthcare system, video surveillance system and indoor monitoring systems which track and recognize different activities of multiple users.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 2015

In August 2015, we collected samples of gray mold from sweet basil growing in Sachunmeon, Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea. Symptoms included extensive growth of mycelia with gray conidia on young leaves, stems, and blossoms. The pathogen was isolated from infected leaves and blossoms and the fungus was cultured on potato dextrose agar. For identification of the fungus, morphology and rDNA sequencing analysis of the fungus were performed, which confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of morphological examinations, pathogenicity tests, and the rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4) and the three nuclear protein-coding genes G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2 showed that the causal agent was Botrytis cinerea. This is the first report of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on sweet basil in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 1992

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus circulans F-2 RSDA gene, coding for raw starch digesting a-amylase (RSDA), has been determined. The RSDA structure gene consists of an open reading frame of 2508 bp. Six bp upstream of the translational start codon of the RSDA is a typical gram-positive Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the RSDA encodes a preprotein of 836 amino acids with an Mr of 96, 727. The gene was expressed from its own regulatory region in E. coli and two putative consensus promoter sequences were identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and an ATG start codon. Confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained and the signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by N-terminal analysis of the purified RSDA. The deduced N-terminal region of the RSDA conforms to the general pattern for the signal peptides of secreted prokaryotic proteins. The complete amino acid sequence was deduced and homology with other enzymes was compared. The results suggested that the Thr-Ser-rich hinge region and the non-catalytic domain are necessary for efficient adsorption onto raw substrates, and the catalytic domain (60 kDa) is necessary for the hydrolysis of substrates, as suggested in previous studies (8, 9).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.2053-2061
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• 1997

The motion comensated video coding technology is very improtant to compress video signal since it reduces the temporal redundancies in successive frames. But the computational complexity of the motion estimation(ME) is too enormous to use in the area of real-time and/or resolution video processing applications. To reduce the complexity of ME, fast search algoritjms and hardware design methods are developed. Especially, the three step search(TSS) is well known method which shows stable performance in various video sequences. And other variations of TSS are developed to get better performance andto reduce the complexity. In this paepr, we present the modified TSS using neighboring block's motion vectors to determine first step motion vector in TSS. The presented method uses the correlation of the adjacent blocks with same motion field. The simualtion resutls show that it has a good MAE performance and low complexity comparing with original TSS.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

Even though it represents $6-13\%$ of human genomic DNA, Alu sequences are rarely found in coding regions. When in exon region, over $80\%$ of them are found in 3' untranslated region (UTR). Pseudogenes are an important component of human genome. Their functions are not clearly known and the mechanism of how they are generated is still debatable. Both the Alu and Pseudogenes are important research problems in molecular biology. mRNA is thought to be a prime source of pseudogene and active research is going on its molecular mechanism. We report, for the first time, that mRNAs containing Alu repeats at 3' UTR has a significantly high correlation with processed pseudogenes, suggesting a possibility that Alu containing mRNAs have a high tendency to become processed pseudogenes. It is known that about $10\%$ of all human genes have been transposed. Transposed genes at 3' UTR without Alu repeat have about two processed pseudogenes per gene on average while we found with statistical significance that a transposed gene with Alu had over three processed Pseudogenes on average. Therefore, we propose Alu repeats as a new and important factor in the generation of pseudogenes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.350-353
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• 2005

Alanine at residue 73 (Ala-73) and aspartate at residue 9 (Asp-9) are characteristic to both Cw6 and Cw7 alleles of HLA-C gene and have been suggested as possible markers for psoriasis vulgaris (PsV). However, the results from various ethnic groups/populations are contradictory and inconclusive. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the association between HLA-C (Ala-73 and Asp-9) and susceptibility to PsV among Saudi patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 25 Saudi PsV patients and 75 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify HLA-C sequences using earlier reported primers, C133P and C243PR. Sequence-specific primers were used to specifically detect nucleotide coding for Ala-73 and Asp-9 in all the subjects. The results showed significantly higher frequency of Asp-9 (84.0% versus 61.3%) in PsV patients as compared to controls (p < 0.05, 2-tailed Fisher's exact test). The frequencies of Ala-73 among PsV patients (92%) and controls (88%) did not differ significantly.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.491-498
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• 2007

It has been hypothesized that efficient exclusion of methylated retrotransposons and repeated DNA region is one of the rapid and cost-effective approaches for comprehensive gene discovery in large genome size of maize. Three kinds of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, HapII, MspI and McrBC, were used to identify the restriction frequency of cytosine methylation sites in maize genome. Roughly 60% of total maize genomic DNA was restricted less than 500bp by McrBC, and the most of restricted small size fraction was composed retrotransposon. In order to validate the efficient construction of gene-rich shotgun library, we compare two gene-rich methyl-filtration shotgun libraries using in vivo and in vitro methyl-filtration system. The size selected DNA fraction by Sau3A-McrBC enzyme treated was very stable and has not appeared modification in E. coli, but most insert DNA size of partially digested with Sau3A were decrease less than 500bp by bacterial methylation-modification system. In compare of retroelements portion, A 44.6% of the sequences were retroelement in unmethyl-filtered library, and the most of them was Copia type, such as Prem, Opie and Ji. The portion of retroelement was drastically decreased to 25% and 20% by in vivo and in vitro filtration system, respectively.