• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.592-600
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• 2018

As the field of robots is evolving to intelligent robots that can replace even humans' mental or emotional labor, 'robot ethics' needed in relationship between humans and robots is becoming a crucial issue these days. The purpose of this study is to consider the ethics of robots and humans that is essential in this post-human age. It will deal with the followings as the main contents. First, with the cases of developing ethics software intended to make robots practice ethics, the authors begin this research being conscious about the matter of whether robots can really judge what is right or wrong only with the ethics codes entered forcibly. Second, regarding robot ethics, we should consider unethicality that might arise from learning data internalizing human biasness and also reflect ethical differences between countries or between cultures, that is, ethical relativism. Third, robot ethics should not be just about ethics codes intended for robots but reflect the new concept of 'human ethics' that allows humans and robots to coevolve.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 2014

Concrete-filled tubes (CFTs) have been used in civil engineering practices as a column of buildings and a bridge pier. CFTs have several advantages over the conventional reinforced concrete columns, such as rapid construction, enhanced buckling resistance, and inherited confinement effect. However, CFT component have not been widely used in civil engineering practice, since the design provisions among codes significantly vary each other. It leads to conservative design of CFT component. In this study, the design provisions of AISC and EC4 for CFT component were examined, based on the extensive test results conducted by previous researchers and finite element analysis results obtained in this study. Especially, the focus was made on the validation of P-M interaction curves proposed by AISC and EC4. From the results, it was found that the current design codes considerably underestimated the strength of CFT component under general combined axial load and bending. Finally, the modified P-M interaction curve was proposed and successfully verified.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2008

Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) bars are proving to be a valuable solution in the corrosion problem of steel reinforced concrete structures. As such, a number of guidelines for their use have been developed. These guidelines are primarily based on modifications to existing codes of practice for steel reinforced concrete structures. These guidelines are also similar in that though the design equations are presented in the partial factor formats that are often used in probability based design, they are not true probabilistic codes. Instead, they typically make use of already existing design factors for loads and resistances. Thus, when concrete structures reinforced FRP bars are designed, the structural reliability levels are not known. This paper investigates uncertainties of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. Also, the structural reliability levels are evaluated for the flexural failure mode.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.957-964
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• 2017

In this study, It developed a program to carry out the training courses for NCS based medical information management tasks and to can understand the practical working knowledge of learners. This program is an educational program that can generate medical information by analyzing data of medical records after generating and storing data of medical records. Because the contents of the medical records vary and there are quantitative differences in the medical records, the contents of the medical records can be summarized and stored in the discharge analysis program for the standard of educational data. The medical terminology DB, medical terminology related DB, medical care related DB by the NCS ability unit element can be constructed and managed using the program. The following are the contents that can be learned through operation of the program. first, it's can understand Medical information DB management regulations through understanding sturucture of database. Second, it can understand the structure and function of the diagnostic code and medical practice code that are input to the discharge analysis program. The diagnostic codes and medical practice codes entered in the discharge analysis program can be searched and analyzed by each fields. Third, It can be advance medical information management ability by inputting and extracting data and generating medical information. In this study, It developed program that Students can be obtained Knowledge of medical information management and improved management competency by generate and analyze medical record data using discharge analysis program.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.77-89
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• 2004

While limit states design (LSD) is currently the standard structural design practice, it is relatively new in the geotechnical design. Adoption of LSD far geotechnical design is an international trend. In the present study, various LSD codes from the United States, Canada, and Europe were reviewed. A simple first-order-second-moment (FOSM) reliability analysis was performed to determine theoretically the ranges of load and resistance factor values for representative loads and foundation bearing capacity, respectively. In order for foundation design to be consistent with current structural design practice, it would be desirable to use the same loads, load factors and load combinations. The values of load factor, obtained from the FOSM analysis, were found to be generally consistent with those given in the codes, whereas the values of resistance factor indicated overall lower ranges due to high values of coefficient of variation used in the analysis. Since the degree of uncertainties included in bearing capacity of foundations varies with the methods used to estimate the bearing capacity, different values of resistance factor should be used fur different methods. For the purpose, continuous efforts are needed to be made first to accurately identify and quantify the uncertainties in the methods.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 2014

Interaction between closely-spaced buildings subject to earthquake induced strong ground motions, termed in the literature as "seismic pounding", occurs commonly during major seismic events in contemporary congested urban environments. Seismic pounding is not taken into account by current codes of practice and is rarely considered in practice at the design stage of new buildings constructed "in contact" with existing ones. Thus far, limited research work has been devoted to quantify the influence of slab-to-slab pounding on the inelastic seismic demands at critical locations of structural members in adjacent structures that are not aligned in series. In this respect, this paper considers a typical case study of a "new" reinforced concrete (R/C) EC8-compliant, torsionally sensitive, 7-story corner building constructed within a block, in bi-lateral contact with two existing R/C 5-story structures with same height floors. A non-linear local plasticity numerical model is developed and a series of non-linear time-history analyses is undertaken considering the corner building "in isolation" from the existing ones (no-pounding case), and in combination with the existing ones (pounding case). Numerical results are reported in terms of averages of ratios of peak inelastic rotation demands at all structural elements (beams, columns, shear walls) at each storey. It is shown that seismic pounding reduces on average the inelastic demands of the structural members at the lower floors of the 7-story building. However, the discrepancy in structural response of the entire block due to torsion-induced, bi-directionally seismic pounding is substantial as a result of the complex nonlinear dynamics of the coupled building block system.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.663-670
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• 2017

The post-tensioned (PT) flat plate slab system is commonly used in practice, and this simple and fast construction method is also considered to be a very efficient method because it can provide excellent deflection and crack control performance under a service load condition and consequently can be advantageous when applying to long-span structures. However, a detailed design guideline for evaluating the lateral behavior of the PT flat plate slab system is not available in current design codes. Thus, typical design methods used for conventional reinforced concrete (RC) flat plate slab structures have inevitably been adopted in practice for the lateral load design of PT flat plate structures. In the authors' previous studies, the unified equivalent frame method (UEFM) was proposed, which considers the combined effect of gravity and lateral loads for the lateral behavior analysis of RC flat plate slab structures. The aim of this study is to extend the concept of the UEFM to the lateral analysis of PT flat plate slab structures. In addition, the stiffness reduction factors of torsional members on interior and exterior equivalent frames were newly introduced considering the effect of post-tensioning. Test results of various PT flat plate slab-column connection specimens were collected from literature, and compared to the analysis results estimated by the extended UEFM.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.616-628
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to monitor the current nutrition labeling practice on the packaging of the processed foods providing consumers with reliable nutrition information, which has been considered as a useful aid for food selection and a potent educational tool for nutrition in a daily life. The 2,214 processed foods purchased at the a wholesale market in July, 2003, were divided by food categories issued from the 2003 food codes and assessed in the terms of the nutrition composition labeling and nutrition claims. Nutrition composition labeling was found on 533 out of the 2,214 processed foods items. The findings of this study were as follows : Milk and dairy products had 66.4% of nutrition composition labeling, which was the largest percentage among the food categories. Tables format (71.3%) is the most widely used type of nutrition labeling. The title of nutrition composition labeling used the most widely was nutrition composition (71.3%). Nutrition composition included many different ways of expression, such as a table of nutrition composition, and indication of nutrition composition, etc. The expression unit of the nutrition composition labeling was use per 100g or 100mL (40.5%). The processed foods with nutrition claims were 18.0% (399 items). Nutrition claims were divided into two categories: nutrient content claims and nutrient comparative claims. The most frequently used nutrient content claims were contained (43.9%) and more or plus in the nutrient comparative claims (16.0%). Ca was the most popular item as a nutrition claim nutrient (33.6%).

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2007

For the purpose of optimum design of reinforced concrete structures, pre-determined section database of column and beam are constructed and arranged in order of the resisting capacity. Then, regression equations representing the relation between section number and section resisting capacity are derived. In advance, effective optimization algorithms which search optimized solution quickly using direct search method from these database are proposed. In practice, from the fact that engineers conduct member design close to capacity optimization rather than cost optimization, both capacity and cost optimization using proposed algorithms are performed, and the review for the obtained results are followed. Moreover, the investigation for the applicability and effectiveness of the Introduced design procedure is conducted through correlation study for example structures. Because of no restriction in constructing objective functions with very simple optimization processes and fast convergence, the introduced method can effectively be used in the preliminary design stage. Especially, selected solutions from database are directly applicable in practice because these sections already satisfy all the requirements in design codes and practical restrictions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.515-537
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• 2014

Current seismic codes (e.g. the NTC08 Italian code and the EC8 European code) adopt a performance-based approach for both the design of new buildings and the assessment of existing ones. Different limit states are considered by verifying structural members as well as non structural elements and facilities which have generally been neglected in practice. The key role of non structural elements on building performance has been shown by recent earthquakes (e.g. L'Aquila 2009) where, due to the extensive damage suffered by infills, partitions and ceilings, a lot of private and public buildings became unusable with consequent significant socio-economic effects. Furthermore, the collapse of infill panels, particularly in the case of out-of-plane failure, represented a serious source of risk to life safety. This paper puts forward an infill model capable of accounting for the effects arising from prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane capacity of infill panels. It permits an assessment of the seismic performance of existing RC buildings with reference to both structural and non structural elements, as well as of their mutual interaction. The model is applied to a building type with RC framed structure designed only to vertical loads and representative of typical Italian buildings. The influence of infill on building performance and the role of the out-of-plane response on structural response are also discussed.