• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제52호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2004

This paper focuses on the DSP implementation of an HMM-based speech recognizer that can handle several hundred words of vocabulary size as well as speaker independency. First, we develop an HMM-based speech recognition system on the PC that operates on the frame basis with parallel processing of feature extraction and Viterbi decoding to make the processing delay as small as possible. Many techniques such as linear discriminant analysis, state-based Gaussian selection, and phonetic tied mixture model are employed for reduction of computational burden and memory size. The system is then properly optimized and compiled on the TMS320C6711 DSP for real-time operation. The implemented system uses 486kbytes of memory for data and acoustic models, and 24.5 kbytes for program code. Maximum required time of 29.2 ms for processing a frame of 32 ms of speech validates real-time operation of the implemented system.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2012

This paper presents the differences in growth of time-dependent strain values in reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and pre-stressed concrete (PSC) flexural members through experiment. It was observed that at any particular age, the time-dependent strain values were less in RCC beams than in PSC beams of identical size and grade of concrete. Variables considered in the study were percentage area of reinforcement, span of members for RCC beams and eccentricity of applied pre-stress force for PSC beams. In RCC beams the time-dependent strain values increases with reduction in percentage area of reinforcement and in PSC beams eccentricity directly influences the growth of time-dependent strain. With increase in age, a non-uniform strain develops across the depth of beams which influence the growth of concave curvature in RCC beams and convex curvature in PSC beams. The experimentally obtained strain values were compared with predicted strain values of similar size and grade of plane concrete (PC) beam using ACI 318 Model Code and found more than RCC beams but less than PSC beams.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.943-948
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• 1996

In this paper. we will discuss in making large size cylindrical shells with multithickness wall sections such as straight, stepped, tapered sides. These shells are constructed of type 6061 O temper aluminum starting with a blanking size of 877 mm plate. Its diameter to length ratio of 1 to 2.78 and a 36.7％ wall reduction is achieved by our continuous deep drawing process. This process required no in-process annealing. But after cold working, these shells is performed heat treatment to T6 condition. These shells are used for the making of seamless LPG pressure vessels after the spinning process. This process is composed of deep drawing, reverse redrawing, drawing-ironing and several ironing processes. In the verification of forming process design, we used DEFORM code.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2004

The operating experience showed that the fatigue is one of the major piping failure mechanisms in nuclear power plants (NPPs). The pressure and/or temperature loading transients, the vibration, and the mechanical cyclic loading during the plant operation may induce the fatigue failure in the nuclear piping. Recently, many fatigue piping failure occurred at the socket weld area have been widely reported. Many failure cases showed that the gap requirement between the pipe and fitting in the socket weld was not satisfied though the ASME Code Sec. III requires 1/16 inch gap in the socket weld. The ASME Code OM also limits the vibration level of the piping system, but some failure cases showed the limitation was not satisfied during the plant operation. In this paper, the fatigue behavior of the socket weld in the nuclear piping was estimated by using the three dimensional finite element method. The results are as follows. (1) The socket weld is susceptible to the vibration if the vibration levels exceed the requirement in the ASME Code OM. (2) The effect of the pressure or temperature transient load on the socket weld in NPPs is not significant because of the very low frequency of the transient during the plant lifetime operation. (3) 'No gap' is very risky to the socket weld integrity for the specific systems having the vibration condition to exceed the requirement in the ASME OM Code and/or the transient loading condition. (4) The reduction of the weld leg size from $1.09*t_1$ to $0.75*t_1$ can affect severely on the socket weld integrity.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

CELP 계열 음성부호화기는 대략 4.8kbps의 전송률로 음질 면에서 우수한 특성을 지닌다. 이중에서 인터넷폰과 화상회의를 위해 개발되어진 G.723.1 음성부호화기는 5.3kbps ACELP와 6.3kbps MP-MLQ 이중 전송률로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 CELP 계열 음성부호화기의 음질 개선을 위해 가변 윈도우를 이용한 새로운 스펙트럼 분석 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 방법에서는 스펙트럼 분석시 고정 윈도우를 사용하기 때문에 합성음의 스펙트럼의 경우 왜곡이 발생한다. 그러므로 스펙트럼 누설을 최소화하기 위해 조절되어진 윈도우를 사용하였다. 제안한 알고리즘을 G.723.1 ACELP에 적용한 실험결과에서 스펙트럼 왜곡은 0.084dB 정도 감소, 잔차 에너지는 6.3$\%$ 감소하였으며 이에 반해 MOS는 0.1 정도 개선되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2015

국내 포장 콘크리트의 품질관리는 KS 규정에 따라 재령 28일 휨 인장강도를 기준으로 평가되고 있으며, 현재 대부분 사용되고 있는 휨 인장강도 시험체는 상대적으로 큰 $150{\times}150{\times}550mm$ 시험체를 사용하고 있다. 이에 따라 시험체의 취급이 어렵고 양생조의 활용도가 떨어지고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 휨 인장강도 시험체를 줄여 이 같은 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 KS에서 규정되고 있는 시험체 크기의 내에서 로그 스케일에 따른 압축강도 및 휨 강도 시험을 실시하고, 시험체 크기를 변수로 설정하여 강도 및 표준편차를 분석하였다. 또한 이와 같은 실내 실험을 바탕으로 Bazant가 제안한 크기 효과 법칙(Size effect law, SEL)의 예측식을 사용하여 비교 분석함으로써 시험체 크기간의 상관성을 검토하여 콘크리트 포장의 품질 평가시 시험체 크기 축소를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.962-977
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• 2019

The human voice is a convenient method of information transfer between different objects such as between men, men and machine, between machines. The development of information and communication technology, the voice has been able to transfer farther than before. The way to communicate, it is to convert the voice to another form, transmit it, and then reconvert it back to sound. In such a communication process, a vocoder is a method of converting and re-converting a voice and sound. The CELP (Code-Excited Linear Prediction) type vocoder, one of the voice codecs, is adapted as a standard codec since it provides high quality sound even though its transmission speed is relatively low. The EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate CODEC) and QCELP (Qualcomm Code-Excited Linear Prediction), variable bit rate vocoders, are used for mobile phones in 3G environment. For the real-time implementation of a vocoder, the reduction of sound quality is a typical problem. To improve the sound quality, that is important to know the size and shape of noise. In the existing sound quality improvement method, the voice activated is detected or used, or statistical methods are used by the large mount of data. However, there is a disadvantage in that no noise can be detected, when there is a continuous signal or when a change in noise is large.This paper focused on finding a better way to decrease the reduction of sound quality in lower bit transmission environments. Based on simulation results, this study proposed a preprocessor application that estimates the SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) using the spectral SNR estimation method. The SNR estimation method adopted the IMBE (Improved Multi-Band Excitation) instead of using the SNR, which is a continuous speech signal. Finally, this application improves the quality of the vocoder by enhancing sound quality adaptively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

This study deals with the investigation about the effect of the pilot and split injection strategies on the spray-atomization characteristics of biodiesel fuel derived from a soybean oil. Experimental results were compared with the calculation results obtained from the numerical analysis. Fuel properties of biodiesel according to the variation of the fuel temperature were inserted to the fuel library in the KIVA code. The amount of fuel injection is divided into equal mass for each split and main injection. In this work, the pilot injection strategy can be achieved by the amount of fuel injection shortly before the start of the main injection. A spray tip penetration, radial distance and spray area were measured for the analysis of macroscopic spray characteristics. In addition, the local and overall droplet size distribution were calculated by using KIVA-3V code to study the effect of split and pilot injection on the atomization performance under high ambient pressure. From these studies, the experimental results showed the multiple injection induced the decrease of the spray tip penetration due to the reduction and division of the spray momentum compared to single injection. In the atomization performance, the droplet size increased in the case of the multiple injection a little. Moreover, the SMD slightly increased as the fuel droplets goes through the axial direction. The spray behavior of numerical results were well predicted the experimental multiple spray characteristics of biodiesel fuel.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose and present implementation results of a high-speed turbo decoding algorithm. The latency caused by (de)interleaving and iterative decoding in a conventional maximum a posteriori turbo decoder can be dramatically reduced with the proposed design. The source of the latency reduction is from the combination of the radix-4, center to top, parallel decoding, and early-stop algorithms. This reduced latency enables the use of the turbo decoder as a forward error correction scheme in real-time wireless communication services. The proposed scheme results in a slight degradation in bit error rate performance for large block sizes because the effective interleaver size in a radix-4 implementation is reduced to half, relative to the conventional method. To prove the latency reduction, we implemented the proposed scheme on a field-programmable gate array and compared its decoding speed with that of a conventional decoder. The results show an improvement of at least five fold for a single iteration of turbo decoding.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2012

This study is on SCR reactor, NOx reduction system in Marine that has been an issue nowadays. Especially design data was obtained by numerical on flow uniformity that is one of the design factor in SCR reactor. Also pressure drop on catalyst size inserted into SCR reactor was compared by experiment and numerical analysis. S/W, numerical analysis used for this study was confirmed that the result of numerical analysis used STAR-CCM+, common use CFD code, pressure drop on catalyst is not big different from the result of numerical analysis. In addition, degree of uniformity of liquid on SCR reactor was over 0.9. Whereas it was assured that degree of uniformity of liquid was changed depends on the shape of pipe at the entrance of SCR.