• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1451-1458
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• 2013

This paper deals with the programs and algorithms that generate the full data set that satisfy the basic combinatorial requirement of combination, permutation, partial permutation or shortly r-permutation, which are used in the application of the total data testing or the simulation input. We search the programs able to meet the rules which is permutations and combinations, r-permutations, select the fastest program by field. With further study, we developed a new program reducing the time required to processing. Our research performs the following pre-study. Firstly, hundreds of algorithms and programs in the internet are collected and corrected to be executable. Secondly, we measure running time for all completed programs and select a few fast ones. Thirdly, the fast programs are analyzed in depth and its pseudo-code programs are provided. We succeeded in developing two programs that run faster. Firstly, the combination program can save the running time by removing recursive function and the r-permutation program become faster by combining the best combination program and the best permutation program. According to our performance test, the former and later program enhance the running speed by 22% to 34% and 62% to 226% respectively compared with the fastest collected program. The programs suggested in this study could apply to a particular cases easily based on Pseudo-code., Predicts the execution time spent on data processing, determine the validity of the processing, and also generates total data with minimum access programming.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

Since the introduction of MP3 players, CD recordings have gradually been vanishing, and the music consuming environment of music users is shifting to mobile devices. The introduction of smart devices has increased the utilization of music through music playback, mass storage, and search functions that are integrated into smartphones and tablets. At the time of initial MP3 player supply, the bitrate of the compressed music contents generally was 128 Kbps. However, as increasing of the demand for high quality music, sound quality of 384 Kbps appeared. Recently, music content of FLAC (Free License Audio Codec) format using lossless compression method is becoming popular. The download service of many music sites in Korea has classified by unlimited download with technical protection and limited download without technical protection. Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology is used as a technical protection measure for unlimited download, but it can only be used with authenticated devices that have DRM installed. Even if music purchased by the user, it cannot be used by other devices. On the contrary, in the case of music that is limited in quantity but not technically protected, there is no way to enforce anyone who distributes it, and in the case of high quality music such as FLAC, the loss is greater. In this paper, the author proposes an audio watermarking technology for copyright protection of high quality stereo music. Two kinds of information, "Copyright" and "Copy_free", are generated by using the turbo code. The two watermarks are composed of 9 bytes (72 bits). If turbo code is applied for error correction, the amount of information to be inserted as 222 bits increases. The 222-bit watermark was expanded to 1024 bits to be robust against additional errors and finally used as a watermark to insert into stereo music. Turbo code is a way to recover raw data if the damaged amount is less than 15% even if part of the code is damaged due to attack of watermarked content. It can be extended to 1024 bits or it can find 222 bits from some damaged contents by increasing the probability, the watermark itself has made it more resistant to attack. The proposed algorithm uses quantization in DCT so that watermark can be detected efficiently and SNR can be improved when stereo music is converted into mono. As a result, on average SNR exceeded 40dB, resulting in sound quality improvements of over 10dB over traditional quantization methods. This is a very significant result because it means relatively 10 times improvement in sound quality. In addition, the sample length required for extracting the watermark can be extracted sufficiently if the length is shorter than 1 second, and the watermark can be completely extracted from music samples of less than one second in all of the MP3 compression having a bit rate of 128 Kbps. The conventional quantization method can extract the watermark with a length of only 1/10 compared to the case where the sampling of the 10-second length largely fails to extract the watermark. In this study, since the length of the watermark embedded into music is 72 bits, it provides sufficient capacity to embed necessary information for music. It is enough bits to identify the music distributed all over the world. 272 can identify $4*10^{21}$, so it can be used as an identifier and it can be used for copyright protection of high quality music service. The proposed algorithm can be used not only for high quality audio but also for development of watermarking algorithm in multimedia such as UHD (Ultra High Definition) TV and high-resolution image. In addition, with the development of digital devices, users are demanding high quality music in the music industry, and artificial intelligence assistant is coming along with high quality music and streaming service. The results of this study can be used to protect the rights of copyright holders in these industries.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.23-48
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• 2021

The Korean economy has achieved continuous economic growth for the past several decades thanks to the government's export strategy policy. This increase in exports is playing a leading role in driving Korea's economic growth by improving economic efficiency, creating jobs, and promoting technology development. Traditionally, the main factors affecting Korea's exports can be found from two perspectives: economic factors and industrial structural factors. First, economic factors are related to exchange rates and global economic fluctuations. The impact of the exchange rate on Korea's exports depends on the exchange rate level and exchange rate volatility. Global economic fluctuations affect global import demand, which is an absolute factor influencing Korea's exports. Second, industrial structural factors are unique characteristics that occur depending on industries or products, such as slow international division of labor, increased domestic substitution of certain imported goods by China, and changes in overseas production patterns of major export industries. Looking at the most recent studies related to global exchanges, several literatures show the importance of cultural aspects as well as economic and industrial structural factors. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a forecasting model by considering cultural factors along with economic and industrial structural factors in calculating the import volume of each country from Korea. In particular, this study approaches the influence of cultural factors on imports of Korean products from the perspective of PUSH-PULL framework. The PUSH dimension is a perspective that Korea develops and actively promotes its own brand and can be defined as the degree of interest in each country for Korean brands represented by K-POP, K-FOOD, and K-CULTURE. In addition, the PULL dimension is a perspective centered on the cultural and psychological characteristics of the people of each country. This can be defined as how much they are inclined to accept Korean Flow as each country's cultural code represented by the country's governance system, masculinity, risk avoidance, and short-term/long-term orientation. The unique feature of this study is that the proposed final prediction model can be selected based on Design Principles. The design principles we presented are as follows. 1) A model was developed to reflect interest in Korea and cultural characteristics through newly added data sources. 2) It was designed in a practical and convenient way so that the forecast value can be immediately recalled by inputting changes in economic factors, item code and country code. 3) In order to derive theoretically meaningful results, an algorithm was selected that can interpret the relationship between the input and the target variable. This study can suggest meaningful implications from the technical, economic and policy aspects, and is expected to make a meaningful contribution to the export support strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises by using the import forecasting model.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.513-519
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• 2013

In this paper, we provide interfaces according to user application environments and provide tools through web-site that users can create interface to apply a wide range of application environment. HTML5 is used in the creation processing, so users can create various interfaces by dragging mouse and apply it to multimedia, game applications as well as documents by using the ASCII code and key events that are provided in the Android OS. Database of interfaces is stored in HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) based on Hadoop for management and users can have their own designed interface or select interfaces through simple login any time. In order to provide interface quickly, HIVE based on Hadoop is used for search and the data is provided in XML file which smart mobile can process quickly.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3.1-3.10
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• 2014

Amino acid substitution matrices are essential tools for protein sequence analysis, homology sequence search in protein databases and multiple sequence alignment. The PAM matrix was the first widely used amino acid substitution matrix. The BLOSUM series then succeeded the PAM matrix. Most substitution matrixes were developed by using the statistical frequency of substitution between each amino acid at blocks representing groups of protein families or related proteins. However, substitution of amino acids is based on the similarity of physiochemical properties of each amino acid. In this study, a new approach was used to obtain major physiochemical properties in multiple sequence alignment. Frequency of amino acid substitution in multiple sequence alignment database and selected attributes of amino acids in physiochemical properties database were merged. This merged data showed the major physiochemical properties through principle components analysis. Using factor analysis, these four principle components were interpreted as flexibility of electronic movement, polarity, negative charge and structural flexibility. Applying these four components, BAPS was constructed and validated for accuracy. When comparing receiver operated characteristic ($ROC_{50}$) values, BAPS scored slightly lower than BLOSUM and PAM. However, when evaluating for accuracy by comparing results from multiple sequence alignment with the structural alignment results of two test data sets with known three-dimensional structure in the homologous structure alignment database, the result of the test for BAPS was comparatively equivalent or better than results for prior matrices including PAM, Gonnet, Identity and Genetic code matrix.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2000

A lot of underground construction projects have been conducted by economical, social and military purposes in Korea for the last three decades. As a result, magnificent amount of data were obtained from geological site investigations, laboratory and field tests, design and field monitoring. But up to now, these valuable informations were neither systematically stored nor utilized efficiently resulting in a great loss of time and money. In this study, a database system named GeoINFO was developed using Microsoft Access 97 for management of informations which can be obtained from underground construction. The developed database system is especially designed to cover three major types of underground facilities-tunnels, underground storages and rock slopes and has multi-layered tree structures for data input. The system also has a unique indexing system for efficient data search using Visual Basic code.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

EDI is being considered as a new way for exchange business data in the form of electronic document, aiming the paperless transaction in business-to-business commerce. However, only a few enterprises select and practically use EDI accepts the closed and complicated method based on exclusive protocol for electronic document exchange. There, second, is insufficient regulation and system that support it. Last, the cost for operating is too high. In this paper, Open EDI Document Information Management System (OEIMS) was designed for solving the problem that mentioned above. We represented exchange document in code from as XML DTD. OEIMS that makers feasible to transfer their document through the web with low cost and, manage and search the information more efficiently and effectively using object-oriented database. We suggest OEIMS that provide efficiency to reposit and manage a system by modulized design of structural feature from EDI unlike other systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to systematize safety management for practical application through analysis and review of several safety standards currently in force among the statutes and rules regarding various safety accidents. Accordingly, the safety standard systems of Japan, US, and Germany were examined and a KOSAM entity relationship diagram (ERD) was drawn based on the ontology system. The ERD consists of the safety standard scope, safety management statute, safety management standard, safety management subjects, causes of safety accidents, and safety management organization entities. Next, each entity was assigned a code and finally a KOSAM safety management condition search screen was designed based on the ERD. This research is expected to bring an overall improvement in safety standard management and operation through safety standard DB construction and the execution of safety management system development.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.173-191
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• 2008

As volumes of electronic commerce increase rapidly, customers are faced with information overload, and it becomes difficult for them to find necessary information and select what they need. In this situation, recommender systems can help the customers search and select the products and services they need more conveniently. These days, the recommender systems play important roles in customer relationship management. In this research, we develop a recommender system that recommends the books to the customers of Internet bookstore. In previous researches on recommender systems, collaborative filtering technique has been often employed. For the collaborative filtering technique to be used, the rating scores on books given by previous purchasers have to be collected. However, the collection of rating scores is not an easy task in reality. Therefore, in this research, we employed case-based reasoning technique that can work only with the book purchase history of customers. The accuracy of recommendation of the resulting book recommender system was about 40% on the level 3 classification code.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for hybrid lossless audio coding, which employs an integer wavelet transform and a linear prediction model. The proposed algorithm divides the input signal into flames of a proper length, decorrelates the framed data using the integer wavelet transform and linear prediction and finally entropy-codes the frame data. In particular, the adaptive Golomb-Rice coding method used for the entropy coding selects an optimal option which gives the best compression efficiency. Since the proposed algorithm uses integer operations, it significantly improves the computation speed in comparison with an algorithm using real or floating-point operations. When the coding algorithm is implemented in hardware, the system complexity as well as the power consumption is remarkably reduced. Finally, because each frame is independently coded and is byte-aligned with respect to the frame header, it is convenient to move, search, and edit the coded, compressed data.