• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.490-500
• /
• 2004

Brown rice grains were coated by spraying aqueous protein solution extracted from rice bran using 10% ethanol, and dried at room temperature. Coating procedure was repeated 1-5 times to determine effect of repeated coating, Quality changes in coated brown rice grains were observed during 8 weeks storage. Most coated rice grains gave lower peroxide and acid values, which indicate antioxidative effects of coating. Lipase and lipoxygenase activities generally decreased in grains coated more than three times. Microscopic images of whole kernel and longitudinal section revealed cracking on all brown rice grains including control, and hydration rate constants were not significantly different among treated grains. Compared to non-coated brown rice grains, those coated more than three times, after 8 week storage, showed better quality retention observed in (meaning not clear) higher water-binding capacity, lower gel consistency decrease, less browning, and better textural properties in cooked rice, resulting in better sensory quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.292-296
• /
• 2008

Clay-coated rice seeds (clay-coated seeds A and B) were directly sown on dry paddy and their growth and yield were compared with the normal drill-sown seeds on dry flat paddy. In clay-coated seeds, germination was 1 day earlier and the emergence rate was higher up to 5% than that of normal drill-sown seeds. But the apparent number of seedling stand per $m^2$ was lower than that of normal drill-sown seeds, which is due to the smaller amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds. At the early growth stage, the plant height of clay-coated seeds A was taller than that of drill-sown seeds, while the plant height of clay-coated seeds B was 0.7 cm shorter than that of drill-sown seeds. At the late growth stage, however, the difference was insignificant in both cases. The maximum tillering stage was 10 days earlier in drill-sown seeds. Lodging index was the lowest in clay-coated seeds B and there was no difference between clay-coated seeds A and drill-sown seeds. The ratio of stem base weight, culm diameter and culm wall thickness were higher in clay-coated seeds, while the lower internodes (4th, 5th and 6th) length was shorter in claycoated seeds than in drill-sown seeds. In clay-coated seeds, the number of panicle per $m^2$ was smaller, while the number of spikelet per panicle was a little larger than in drill-sown seeds. The rate of ripened grain and brown rice 1,000 grain weight were lower in the clay-coated seeds, thus the yield was $98{\sim}99%$ level of drill-sown seeds. Considering that the amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds was two-thirds of that in drill-sown seeds, it is expected that clay coating method could become an additional technique for direct seeding cultivation.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.5-18
• /
• 2018

The field trial was performed to evaluate the rice growth and yield in direct seeding cultivation with iron-coated rice seeds. The required time for seed emergence was for 9~11days in the tested direct seeding methods. That was 1~2days earlier in direct seeding with pregerminated seeds than that of direct seeding with iron-coated seeds. The seedling establishment was highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds but there was not significant difference in terms of statistical analysis. The rice plant height was taller in water seeding with broadcasting method than that of wet hill-seeding methods and in direct seeding with iron-coated seeds than that of direct seeding with pregerminated seeds. The tiller number in the rice plant was the highest in machine transplanting at 30days after direct seeding(June 17) and in water seeding with iron-coated seeds at 45days after seeding(DAS) and 60DAS. The tiller number of 75 and 90DAS in the tested rice cultivation methods being with 352~405/m² was not significantly different in terms of statistical analysis. The heading time was not different in rice direct seeding methods but 2 day earlier in direct seeding with iron-coated seeds than that of direct seeding with pregerminated seeds. The culm length was the highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds and the panicle length was the longest in wet hill-seeding with pregerminated seeds. The panicle number per m² was highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds but not significant difference among the tested rice cultivation methods. The water seeding with iron-coated seeds resulted in the highest spikelet number per m² and the heaviest grain weight of brown rice. Percentage of ripened kernel was the highest in wet hill-seeding with iron-coated seeds. But there were not significant among the tested rice cultivation methods. The milled rice yield in direct seeding methods was 3~21% higher than that in machine transplanting. Water seeding with iron-coated seeds recorded the highest milled rice yield being with 6.86t/ha.The occurrence of sheath blight was high according to machine transplanting>wet hill-seeding>water seeding. Weed occurrence was the highest in water seeding with pregerminated seeds. Weedy rice occurred not in machine transplanting but occured 0.6~0.7% in direct seeding methods with pregerminated seeds and 0.1% in direct seeding with iron-coated seeds.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 1986

A comparative study of chemical characteristics, efficacy and relative merits of extruded and coated granules, containing fungicide and insecticide, was conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Probenzole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methyl carbamate) were chosen as toxicants for rice blast(Pyricularia oryzae) and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) control, respectively. Stability of active ingredients in coated granule was superior to the extruded one under accelerated temperature. Active ingredient dissolution of coated one into distilled water showed slow release pattern. Pesticide residues in rice (Oryzae sativa, Chucheongbyeo) shoot applied with extruded one at the dosage of 3kg/10a retained higher levels than those with coated one on two days after application, while the residue levels were a reversed tendency on eight days after application. Efficacy on rice blast exhibited minute differences between the granules, on the other hand efficacy on brown planthopper by coated one was of higher rank than that by extruded one. Production cost of the combined pesticide granule by coating method could be cut down by 6% as compared to extrusion method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2002

Rice production in Korea began to rise significantly after 1970. Rice is the dominant food in Korea and most of the rice production (about 95%) is consumed as cooked rice. it provides over 4,000Kj of energy per capita per day. Apparent rice availability in 2000, 93.6Kg of milled rice per person annually. The non-allergenic character of rice offers a sound basis for development of products for markets for all age groups. Whole grains are washed rice, coated rice, enriched rice in Korea. Utilization of rice as food can be categorized three categories in Korea; direct food use, processed foods, and brewing. Rice for direct consumption include regular whole grain, precooked rice, brown rice and specialty products such as aseptic cooked rice, retort cooked rice and rice burger. Rice used for processed foods includes that for cereal, soup, baby food, snack, cake, noodle, brown rice tea, and minor unclassified uses. Rice use for brewing is for the production of fermented rice wine. The use of rice for direct food is by for the greatest of the three uses. Although direct food accounts for the largest domestic consumption, a significant quantity of rice is used in processed products. The use of rice by-products as human food should not be over looked. Utilization of by products(rice germ, rice bran) requires a specialized technology. Typical type of rice is black rice. When cooked, black rice gives a black color to cooked rice. Glutinous rice performs specific functions in several commercial products such as dessert, gravis, cake and snack. Rice starch production is quite limited because of the high cost of making of starch. Rice processed products in Korea are occupied small parts of total rice production compared to Japan. Rice cake (Garadog) is the principal from of rice product consumed in Korea. Rice cake and snack is usually prepared from non-glutinous milled by washing, grinding, steaming, cooling and packaging. Rice cake will be continued to be a major rice product in Korea. Rice products represent a means to study variety differences in rice grain quality, since the processing magnifies differences not normally detected from more boiling. Recently, rice processing companies in Korea are about 400 ones which uses rice about 160,000tons. New rice processed products and modified traditional products must be developed and diversified with high quality and processing properties of rice processed products are improved.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.605-610
• /
• 2013

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid widely present in organisms, which has shown several important physiological functions such as neurotransmission, hypotension induction, as well as diuretic and tranquilizer effects. They have also been extensively used in food industry. GABA contents in the grain and brown rice are about 1~4 mg/100 g and 4~8 mg/100 g, respectively but it is difficult to expect physiological activity from such low amounts of natural food intake. We investigate the effects of GABA-coated rice on the secretion of melatonin and serotonin which both have been used as sleep inductive compounds. As a result, the secretion of melatonin and serotonin from mice were found to be $3.578{\pm}0.158pg/mL$, $5.918{\pm}0.169ng/mL$ respectively. The melatonin and serotonin in mice increased significantly up to the 8.7 and 22.8 times respectively, when compared to that of the rice, but there was no cumulative effects. Due to the continuous intake of GABA-coated rice, which was developed as a functional food nutrient, inductive effects of melatonin and serotonin from general rice could be achieved and also the similar effect as taking up directly 25 mg/mL of GABA could be obtained.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.221-225
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to identify the effects of slow release fertilizer (LCU) on ridge direct seeding on dry paddy of rice as an irrigation water-saying cultural system. During 1999-2000, a series of experiments was carried out at field (Chonbuk series) of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA using Dongjinbyeo. Plant height and culm length during the total growth duration were the longest and panicle umber per $m^2$ was the highest in 100% LCU application rate. Leaf area index and top dry weight were the highest in the 100% LCU application rate. They increased as more LCU was applied. Nitrogen uptake was the highest in 100% LCU application, and N use efficiency was the highest in LCU 60% + FP (fertilization at panicle formation stage) 20% application. Milled rice yield was 7% higher in 100% LCU application rate than that of conventional N application. Ripened grain rate and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice did not differ, but panicle number per $m^2$ and grain number per m2 were the highest at 100% LCU application.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.324-331
• /
• 1991

To establish the direct seeding cultivation method in rice (Oryza sativa L.). direct subsurface seeding with different oxygen suppliers and seeding rates was conducted from May to Oct. 1989. at the experimental field of Suncheon National University. In direct subsurface seeding. calcium peroxide enhanced the ratio of seedling establishment. However. as number of plants per unit area increased. the occurrence of field lodging became progressively severe. so that the enhanced seedling establishment did not increase the yield. The optimal seeding rate and the number of sowing seeds per equally spaced spot were estimated to be 3.3Kg seeds/l0a and 3 seeds per spot with CaO$_2$-coated seeds. and 5.6Kg/10a and 5 seeds per spot with uncoated seeds. respectively, According to the results from the path coefficient analysis. percent of filled spikelets was identified to be the most influential variables on the variability in brown rice yield. so that improving percent of filled spikelets by inhibition of field lodging was the most important matter to increase the yield.