• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between tea consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether tea consumption has an effect on CHD risk in Chinese adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this hospital-based case-control study, 267 cases of CHD and 235 non-CHD controls were enrolled. Blood samples from all cases were examined. Cardiac function indices (left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase of the muscle or brain type), blood lipid index (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and blood coagulation function indices (fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time) were recorded. Tea consumption of study participants was assessed by a specifically designed questionnaire. The baseline characteristics of the study populations were recorded, and CHD-related biomarkers were detected. Differences in baseline characteristics of the study participants were examined using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Unconditional logistic regression was used to measure the association between tea and CHD. RESULTS: There were significant differences in cardiac function indices, blood lipid index, and blood coagulation indices between CHD cases and controls (P < 0.05). We found tea consumption reduced CHD risk in female participants (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.242-0.968, P = 0.0403). Regarding the type of tea consumed, the risk of CHD was reduced in women who drank partially fermented tea (adjusted OR = 0.210, 95% CI: 0.084-0.522, P = 0.0008). Analytic results for the amount of tea consumed per unit time showed CHD risk was reduced in women who consumed 1-2 cups of tea per day (adjusted OR = 0.291, 95% CI: 0.131-0.643, P = 0.0023). A tea-drinking frequency of > 6 days/week was beneficial for CHD prevention (adjusted OR = 0.183, 95% CI: 0.049-0.679, P = 0.0112). When analyzed according to the duration of tea consumption, the risk of CHD was reduced in participants who had been drinking tea for 10-20 years (adjusted OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.137-0.946, P = 0.0382). CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD in female but not male populations in Guangzhou.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.711-720
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of physiological knowledge needed for clinical nursing practices. Subjects of physiology were classified into 15 areas, and each areas was further classified into subareas, resulting in a total of 194 subareas. The degree of importance of each subarea was measured with a 4-point scale. The subjects of this study were 179 nurses of two university hospitals located in Seoul and Inchon. The results were as follows : 1. The areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice as a basic knowledge in the order of importance were : blood, respiratory system and renal physiology, function of the immune system, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology However, the degree of importance for reproductive physiology, neuro-physiology, energy and metabolism, cell and cell membrane physiology, muscular physiology and special sense was relatively low. 2. The most important content of physiology for all clinical areas in nursing was blood physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas. 3. Subareas of physiology as a basic knowledge for clinical practice and education in nursing were blood transfusion, blood type, function of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet, characteristics and function of hemoglobin, composition and function of plasma protein, and mechanism of blood coagulation and anticoagulation. In conclusion, areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice were blood, respiratory system and renal physiology, function of immune, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas In nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2009

There are five principal causes for excessive bleeding in the immediate postextraction phase ; (1) Vascular wall alteration (wound infection, scurvy, chemicals, allergy) (2) Disorders of platelet function (genetic defect, drug-aspirin, autoimmune disease) (3) Thrombocytopenic purpuras (radiation, leukemia), (4) Inherited disorders of coagulation (hemophilia, Christmas disease, vitamin deficiency, anticoagulation drug-heparin, coumarin). If the hemorrhage from postextraction wound is unusually aggressive, and then dehydration and airway problem are occurred, the socket must be packed with gelatine sponge(Gelfoam) that was moistened with thrombin and wound closure & pressure dressing are applied. The thrombin clots fibrinogen to produce rapid hemostasis. Gelatine sponges moistened with thrombin provide effective coagulation of hemorrhage from small veins and capillaries. But, in dental alveoli, gelatine sponges may absorb oral microorganisms and cause alveolar osteitis (infection). This is a case report of bleeding control by continuous rubber strip & iodoform gauze drainage (without gelfoam packing) of active bleeding infection sites of three teeth extraction wounds in a 46-years-old female patient with advanced liver cirrhosis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Recently a new technology called the flexible-fiber deep-bed filter (FDF) claimed to replace the conventional sand filter including coagulation and sedimentation filter (CSF) processes in the water treatment plant. Therefore the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was applied for evaluating the life cycle impacts of FDF compared with those of CSF. The used LCA softwares were the Simapro 6 and PASS and their life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodologies were the Eco-indicator 99 and the Korean Eco-indicator, respectively. The goal of this LCA was to identify environmental loads of CSF and FDF from raw material to disposal stages. The scopes of the systems have been determined based on the experiences of existing CSF and FDF. The function was to remove suspended solids by filtration and the functional unit was $1\;m^3$/day. Both systems showed that most environmental impacts were occurred during the operation stage. To reduce the environmental impacts the coagulants and electricity consumptions need to be cut down. If the CSF was replaced with the FDF, the environmental impacts would be reduced in most of the impact categories. The LCA results of Korean Eco-indicator and Eco- indicator99 were quite different from each other due to the indwelling differences such as category indicators, impact categories, characterization factors, normalization values and weighting factors. This study showed that the life cycle assessment could be a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental impact of the new technology which was introduced in water treatment process.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2011

Objectives: We sought to establish a novel method to generate nano-sized carbon black particles (nano-CBPs) with an average size smaller than 100 nm for examining the inhalation exposure risks of experimental rats. We also tested the effect of nano-CBPs on the pulmonary and circulatory systems. Methods: We used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) without the addition of any additives to generate nano-CBPs with a particle size (electrical mobility diameter) of less than 100nm to examine the effects of inhalation exposure. Nano-CBPs were applied to a nose-only inhalation chamber system for studying the inhalation toxicity in rats. The effect on the lungs and circulatory system was determined according to the degree of inflammation as quantified by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The functional alteration of the hemostatic and vasomotor activities was measured by plasma coagulation, platelet activity, contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. Results: Nano-CBPs were generated in the range of 83.3-87.9 nm. Rats were exposed for 4 hour/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to $4.2{\times}10^6$, $6.2{\times}10^5$, and $1.3{\times}10^5$ particles/$cm^3$. Exposure of nano-CBPs by inhalation resulted in minimal pulmonary inflammation and did not appear to damage the lung tissue. In addition, there was no significant effect on blood functions, such as plasma coagulation and platelet aggregation, or on vasomotor function. Conclusion: We successfully generated nano-CBPs in the range of 83.3-87.9 nm at a maximum concentration of $4.2{\times}10^6$ particles/$cm^3$ in a nose-only inhalation chamber system. This reliable method can be useful to investigate the biological and toxicological effects of inhalation exposure to nano-CBPs on experimental rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 1997

혈전 탄성 묘사도는 일회의 채혈로 지혈기능의 전반적인 평가를 가능하게 하는데, 혈소판 응집과 응괴 강 도와 섬유소 교차결합을 통한 초기의 혈소판-섬유소 상호작용 시간부터 궁극적인 응괴 용해 까지의 단백질 응고 폭포와 혈소판의 상호반응을 기록하는 것이다. 1996년 4월 1일부터 1996년 8월 31일까지 개심술을 받은 35명의 환자를 대상으로(평균 연령 34$\pm$12) 혈전 탄성 묘사도를 수술전, 수술직후, 수술1시간후, 수술 24시간 후에 조사하였다. 전통적인 혈액학적인 지표들과 혈전탄성 묘사도 자료를 통계 분석으로 비교하였다. 체외 순환전의 혈전 탄성 묘사도의 최대 진측과 혈소판 수와, 체외 순환 24시간 후에는 혈전 탄성 묘사도의 R값 및 K값 그리고 알파 앵글이 활성 응고 시간과 통계학적인 의미있는 상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 체외 순환후 24시간 동안의 술후 출혈의 예측 정확도는 혈전 탄성 묘사도가 100%(P=0.0043)로 활성 응고 시간(57%)와 기존의 응고 검사(43%)와 비교해서 더 좋은 방법임을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 혈전 탄성 묘사도는 사용이 쉽 고 임상적으로 정확하고 비용면에서 유용하여 지혈문제를 가진 환자에게 효과적으로 처치\ulcorner 수 있는 자료를 제시할 수 있다 하겠다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.275-284
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• 1990

A serious problem after cardiovascular surgery known as Multiple Organ Failure[MOF] whereby several vital organs successively demonstrate dysfunction in spite of intensive postoperative treatment has recently arisen. We have made a retrospective study of the clinical records of 137 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery during past two years [1987-1988]. Fourteen patients [10%] developed multi-organ failure postoperatively with the results of seven death [50%]. In fatal group, preoperative poor cardiac function [Cardiac Index<2.0L/min/m2] was considered important prognostic factor and infection 5 disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating gastrointestinal bleeding were the leading cause of death. In conclusion, evaluation of multiple factors concerning multi-organ failure demonstrates preoperative poor functional preservation of vital organs is the main factor. So early diagnosis k management for each of the failing organs & prevention of infection are mandatory of the treatment of these critically ill patients.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1990

Changes in electric resistance was measured to carry out the kinetic analysis of milk gellation upon addition of rennet. Using pasteurized milk and commercial rennin, kinetic properties were investigated during milk gellation in terms of initial hydrolysis and coagulation steps. Specially designed reactor with two platinum electrodes was used throughout the experiments. As a function of either milk concentrations or reaction temperatures, gel time exhibited directly proportional relations: on the contrary, gel time was inversely pro-portional to enzyme concentration. Activation energies for enzymatic degradation and cogulation were 16.3, 4.6 and 34, 8.6 Kcal/mol, repectively. This simple analytical method proved to be very effective to characterize the mechanism of milk gellation. Moreover, unlike other methods, this method reguired simple apparatus and short time of analysis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1986

The dynamic mechanical properties of milk gel were examined as function of temperature, concentrations of milk and enzyme. The real and imaginary parts of the complex rigdity G' and G' were measured at $2\%$ strain and 5 rad/s of frequency. The results showed that the rigidity of milk gel was dependent on the concentration of milk (C) in such a way that $\sqrt{G'}{\propto}C$. It was found that gel point ($t_g$) was dependent on the concentration of milk as $t_g{\propto}C$, and on the concentration of enzyme as $t_g{\propto}\;1/(E)$, The activation energy of enzymatic reaction stage and coagulation stage were $21.1{\pm}5.8\;kcal/mol$ and $26.4{\pm}1.14\;kcal/mol$, respectively.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2023

Thrombogenesis, which is the process of blood clot formation, can be initiated by platelet activation. Excessive formation of blood clot in the bloodstream can lead to thrombosis. Therefore, when dealing with patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or children, it is necessary to use small amounts of blood. Hence, it is important to develop methods for the rapid and accurate measurement of the platelet function using a small amount of blood. In this study, 3D printing technology was utilized to facilitate the production of micro channels. The amount of platelet adhesion in smokers and non-smokers was compared by repeatedly exposing the structure of the channel to adjust the number of blood injections and facilitate thrombosis attachment to simple stenosis structures.