• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the optimal culture conditions for in vitro production of bovine embryos derived from slaughter house ovaries. Cumulus-oocyte- complexes (COCs) collected by aspiration from follicles of 2~7 mm in diameter were matured in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$in air. After 24 hrs of culture, the oocytes were co-cultured with epididymal sperm selected off by Percoll-density gradient in TALP medium for 24 hrs. The presumptive zygotes were cultured in HECM-6 medium for 3 d post-insemination, and followed by cultured in TCM199 medium until 7 to 10d post-insemination. The cultures were compared of their cleavage and development into later stage in culture medium by additions of different protein sources (PVA, BSA and BCS) and by different embryo density. The rates of cleavage and development rates into blastocyst were not significantly (P<0.05) different among the culture media containing with BSA (75.0% and 40.5%), BCS (76.7% and 38.0%) and PVA (72.5% and 42.2%), respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher blastocysts rates were obtained in culturing of 30 and 40 embryos in each 50$\mu$l droplets of culture medium than in 5, 10 and 20 embryos. These results indicate that the optimal density of embryos is 30~40 embryos in a 50$\mu$l droplet of culture medium. Furthermore there is no effect of different protein sources on early embryonic development.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.369-373
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the possibility of artificial production of p. ferulae by solid-state culture, the optimization of culture conditions was carried out. When $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and $CaCO_3$ were used in the cultures using test tube with 30 g of Populus sawdust at $25^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ in the dark, the favored mycelial growth was observed with $1\%$ of $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and the production of polysaccharide was 7.85 mg/100 mg of mycelium with $1\%$ of $CaCO_3$. The mixtures of $80\%$ of Populus Sawdust and $20\%$ of rice bran at $60\%$ of water content were determined to be optimal for the production of fruiting bodies in the sawdust culture. When three treatments containing various ratios of garlic powder were conducted, yields of fruiting bodies were drasti[ally higher than those of Synthetic mixture without garlic powder The highest yield (143 g/bag) was obtained with $7\%$ garlic powder. The yield of synthetic mixture containing $7\%$ of garlic powder was $83\%$ higher than that of Sawdust culture. The reason why garlic powder did support growth was not clear but it is possible that garlic powder might contain effective components for the formation of fruiting body. The optimal synthetic mixture composition consisted of cotton seed $77\%$, lime $6.4\%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.2\%,\;KH_2PO_4\;0.2\%,\;CaHPO_4\;0.2\%$, corn flour $4\%$, wheat flour $5\%$, and garlic pow-der $7\%$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.3 s.107
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

Most of army depots contaminated with co-contaminants, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and heavy metals. In phytoremediation for the TNT, heavy metals may inhibit mineralization, transformation and sequestration of TNT by the plant. We studied effect of cadmium on TNT degradation and transformation by Abutilion avicennae in hydroponic cultures. When cultured in 20 mgTNT/L and 1.3 mgCd/L, the plant displayed phytotoxicities; reduction of leaf fresh, leaf roil, chlorosis, leaf loss and fresh weight loss. Phytotoxicity was severer in the combined contaminants than in single contaminant. Because A. avicennae uptake just a little cadmium, 1.3 mgCd/L included in the TNT medium did not influece significantly TNT transformation, translocation and distribution by A. avicennae. Therefore, the soil solution containing cadmium would not affect TNT degradation by Abutilion avicennae in Army depots polluted with TNT.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

Most of army depots contaminated with co-contaminants. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and heavy metais. In phytormediation for the TNT, heavy metals may inhibit mineralization, transformation and sequestration of TNT by the plant. W studied effect of cadmium on TNT degradation and transformation by Abutilion avicenneae in hydroponic cultures. When cultured in 20 ㎎TNT/L and 1.3 ㎎Cd/L. the plant displayed phytotoxicities; reduction of leaf fresh, leaf roll, chlorosis, leaf loss and fresh weight loss. Phytotoxicity was severer in the combined contaminnts than in single contaminant. Because A. avicennae uptake just a little cadmium, 1.3 ㎎Cd/L induded in the TNT medium did not influece significanfly TNT transformation, translocation and distrivution by A. Therefore, the soil solution containing cadmium would not affect TNT degradation by Abutilion avicennae in Amy depots polluted with TNT.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 1991

Gardenia callus was induced in MS medium containing $10{\;}{\mu}M$ of 2,4 diphenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), $1{\;}{\mu}M$ kinetin, and 3% sucrose in the dark. $B_5$ medium was identified to be the most adequate medium for cell growth. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was better growth regulator than 2,4-D not only for cell growth but slso for carotenoid production. Ligt also played a critical role on synthesis of carotenoid. Gardenia cells grown in $B_5$ medium could utilize a polysaccharide, soluble starch, as a carbon source. The cell growth was stimulated in $B_5$ medium fortified with 0.2% yeast extract. The optimum pH for cell growth was 5.7. High density cultures can be maintained by increasing inoculum size and medium concentration accordingly. Specific growth rate and mass doubling time were 0.095 $day^{-1}$ and 7.3 days, respectively. The cell immobilized in alginate tends to formulate more enlarged vacuoles containing yellow pigment compared with those of suspended cell. Carotenoid content of immobilized cell was about $264.4{\;}{\mu}g/g$ fresh weight (F.W.) corresponding twice of the content of suspended cell ($112.08{\;}{\mu}g/g$ F.W.). The color of gardenia cell was shifted from yellow to red when carbohydrase-secreting fungus, Trichoderma reesei, was co-cultivated with gardenia cells.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 1989

The induction of calli from tissues of a grape, Vitis hybrid, and their suspension cultures were performed and various factors were investigated on cell growth and anthocyanin production. It was shown that light intensity and inorganic nitrogen concentration played an important role on anthocyanin production.1:he contents of anthocyanin produced under 10,000 Iux light irradiation were about twice as much as under the dark. The reduction of inorganic nitrogen concentration of MS medium to one to twenty brought about the increase of approximately five to six-fold in total anthocyanin or sixteenfold in anthocyanin content per dry cell weight and addition of nitrate only as inorganic nitrogen source was shown to be the best for anthocyanin production. Miller medium and Gamborg medium were suitable for the anthocyanin production, as well as high concentrations of Co$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{2+}$. And high yield of 40mg anthocyanins per 200m1 flask was obtained by two stage culture using MS medium for the first stage and the modified MS medium for the second stage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

Objective : Experimental studies have been done to elucidate the effect of kangwhalyupung-tang(KWYPT) on neuronal cell damage induced by brain ischemia. Method : The cytotoxic effect of ischemia was measured in the MTS assay cultures. MTS assay, INT assay, neurofilament(NF) enzymeimmuno assay(EIA). And the KWYPT on ischemia-induced neurotoxicity were examined by in vitro assays. Results : 1. The KWYPT protected effectively neuronal cell-death resulted from brain ischemia induced by the treatment of $95%N_2/5%CO_2$ for 10 min in those dependent fashion. 2. The KWYPT effectively increased the amount of NF resulting from brain ischemia, induced by the treatment of $95%N_2/5%CO_2$ for 15 min in those dependent fashions. Conclusions : KWYPT protects the brain ischemia-induced neurotoxicity through the increase of cell viability and of neurofilament in dose-dependent manner.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 1990

The changes in cheese casein components and the resultant palatability of the cheese were studied. Camember cheese was made with P. caseicolum and mixed lactic cultures and ripened for 45days. The pH value increased rapidly during ripening Water soluble, pH 4.6-soluble and non protein nitrogenous compounds were all increased during ripening. The electrophoretic patterns of pH 4.6-insoluble casein showed that the caseins were seperated into 4 bands after 10 days,12 bands after 45 days of ripening, ${\alpha}_{s1}-casein$ was completely degraded after 17 days of ripening and a targe percentage of ${\beta}-casein$ was broken down after 45 days of ripening. On gel filtration, pH 4.6-soluble casein fragments ripened for 10 days,24 days and 31 days were fractionated into 3,4 and 5 fractions respectively The sensory evaluation of Camembert cheese showed that cheese ripened for 31 days had the best palatability.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.147-168
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• 2019

This paper explores strategies for building an automobile logistics cluster in PyeongtaekDangjin Port, which needs to be developed and operated for automobile related value-added logistics services. The future of Korean automobile exports seems gloomy, but many domestic ports, including PyeongtaekDangjin Port, are struggling to secure a position as automobile ports by expanding port facilities to attract exports and transshipment vehicles. PyeongtaekDangjin Port is currently the best automobile port as it is under good conditions for building an automobile logistics cluster. Ssangyong Motor Co., Kia Motors Corp., Samsung Electronics Co., and LG Electronics Inc., which are located nearby, can secure enough land to build an automobile logistics cluster by developing a port distribution complex in the future. This will promote the sustainable development of PyeongtaekDangjin Port by creating a logistics hub, specifically an automobile logistics hub, which would allow diverse cultures and experiences to respond appropriately to future mobility development.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2011

Through the process of fermentation with Lactobacillus strains this study has evaluated the functionality of the traditional Korean medicine Bangpungtongsungsan after the addition of four other medicinal ingredients. In order to facilitate the growth of the Lactobacillus strains brown sugar was added to the herbal substances used. For both DPPH radical scavenging activities and SOD-like activities the medicinal mixture, when fermented through heterogeneous co-cultures, scored higher (at 77% and 42%, respectively) than when not fermented (at 31.7% and 36.3%, respectively). The co-cultured Korean medicine inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI 219, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus KCTC 1916 and Propionibacterium acnes KCTC 3314. The inhibiting effects on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells caused by the mixture, with and without fermentation, was seen to be similar (57% and 60%, respectively).