• ALGAE
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2020

Haematococcus pluvialis is a commercial microalga that can produce high quantities of astaxanthin. Under induced conditions, some important changes in the subcellular structures related to astaxanthin accumulation were observable. For example, a large number of astaxanthin granules, oil structures and starch granules appeared in the thick-walled cells; Astaxanthin granules gradually dissolved into the oil structures and spread throughout the entire cell with the fusion and diffusion process of oil structures during the middle and late stages of induction; The plastoglobules were closed to the newly formed structures, and some plastoglobules would abnormally increase in size under stress. Based on observations of cell damage, the degradation of membrane structures, such as chloroplasts, was found to be the primary form of damage during the early stage of induction. During the middle stage of induction, some transparent holes were exposed in the dissolving astaxanthin granules in the cytoplasm. In thick-walled cells, these transparent holes were covered by oil substances dissolving astaxanthin, thereby avoiding further damage to cells. Given the relatively few oil structures, in non-thick-walled cells, the transparent holes expanded to form multiple transparent areas, eventually resulting in the rupture and death of cells. These results suggested that the high level of synthesis and the wide range diffusion of oil explained the expansion of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.111-132
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• 2018

본 연구는 문헌정보학 학술지 논문의 결론 부분의 구조와 유형을 밝힌 연구이다. 문헌정보학의 4개 학술지 논문의 결론 장(chapter)을 분석하여 '연구 관심 끌어내기', '요약하기', '논의하기', '적용하기', '확대하기' 의 5개 상위범주와 11개의 하위요소를 도출하여 이를 결론 구조의 분석도구로 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 문헌정보학 학술지 논문의 결론 제목은 '결론'이 절반 이상이며, 그 다음은 '결론 및 제언' 이다. 결론 장은 평균 4.2개의 구성요소로 구성되었다. 각 구성요소별 출현빈도는 '연구결과 요약'이 단연 우세하며, '연구 전체 과정 요약', '후속연구 제언', '연구 의의' 순 이었다. 서술 분량도 '연구결과 요약'이 가장 우세하며, 결론의 절반 이상을 차지하였다. 출현빈도가 가장 높은 상위범주는 '요약하기'이며, 그 다음은 '확대하기', '적용하기' 순 이었다. 결론을 시작하는 첫 번째 요소로 가장 우세한 요소는 '연구결과 요약'이며, 결론을 마무리하는 최종 요소로 가장 우세한 것은 '후속연구 제언'이다. 결론 구조의 패턴은 도입부가 '연구 전체 과정 요약-연구결과 요약'순이 가장 빈번하게 나타났다 문헌정보학 학술지 논문 결론 구조의 핵심 구성요소이자 핵심기능은 '요약하기'의 구성요소인 '연구결과 요약'과 '연구전체 과정 요약'이다. 이는 결론을 기술하는 필수요소로 밝혀졌다. '적용하기', '확대하기'에 포함된 여타의 요인은 선별적 요인으로 적용하고 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2008

QUAL2K는 QUAL2E 모델의 단점을 개선하고 편의성을 향상시킨 모델로 입자성 유기물, 부착조류, 탈질화 및 퇴적층-수체 상호작용 등을 추가 반영하였으며, CBOD는 느린 CBOD와 빠른 CBOD 두 가지로 구분하여 현실화 하였다. QUAL2E와 QUAL2K 모델을 안양천에 적용하여 DO, BOD, Org-N, NH$_3$-N, NO$_3$-N, Org-P, Dis-P 및 Chl-a 등 8개 수질항목을 모의하여 결과를 비교 분석하였다. Org-N, NH$_3$-N, Org-P 및 Chl-a는 두 모델에서 비슷한 결과가 나타났으나, DO, BOD, NO$_3$-N 및 Dis-P는 다른 결과가 나타났다. 이는 QUAL2K에 추가된 부착조류, 탈질화, 퇴적층-수체의 상호작용 및 입자성 유기물의 영향에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. DO는 부착조류의 영향으로 낮게 나타났고, BOD는 입자성 유기물의 영향으로 높게 나타났다. NO3-N은 퇴적층-수체의 상호작용과 탈질화의 영향으로 실측치에 더 가깝게 나타났다. 모의 결과를 단순통계인자를 이용하여 평가하였으며, 대부분 수질항목에서 상대오차와 분산계수가 QUAL2E보다 QUAL2K에서 작게 나타났다. 자연현상을 좀더 실제에 가깝게 모의할 수 있는 QUAL2K 모델은 하천 및 하천화한 호소 수질관리에 적절히 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2008

The process of wound repair involves an ordered sequence of events such as overlapping biochemical and cellular events that, in the best of circumstances, result in the restoration of both the structural and functional integrity of the damaged tissue. An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissues by fibroblasts. The polypeptide growth factors, like transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), play very important mediator roles in the process of wound contraction. Deer antlers, as models of mammalian regeneration, are cranial appendages that develop after birth as extensions of a permanent protuberance (pedicle) on the frontal bone. Antlers contain various growth factors which stimulate dermal fibroblast growth. They are involved in digestion and respiration and are necessary for normal wound healing and skin health. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF in skin wounds, three groups of skin full-thickness rat models with a high concentration of antler ointment, a low concentration of antler ointment and without antler ointment were compared. At post-injury days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 and 60, the skin wound area was measured, the expressions of IGF-I, TGF- ${\beta}$ and EGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen formation by sirius red dye and the localization of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF peptides were inspected by histological immunohistochemical techniques. Wound healing was significantly more rapid in antler treated skins. In addition, the wound treated with a high concentration antler ointment, a low concentration antler ointment, and the control closed completely at post-injury day 40, day 44 and day 60, respectively. Via RT-PCR, the expressions of IGF-I (day 8 and day 16), TGF-${\beta}$(day 8, day 16 and day 20) and EGF (day 4, day 8, day 16, and day 32) were obviously up-regulated in high concentration antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results could be seen in the histological detection of collagen dye and immunohistochemical methods using the corresponding polyclone antibodies of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF. These results illustrate that antlers stimulate and accelerate the repair of cutaneous wounds.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2003

This is a study that examines the fashion changes in the 20th century in terms of various subcultures in the period. Starting from defining the concept and the developing process of subculture, this study traces the history of subcultural styles from 1930s to 1990s, focusing on the way each generation resisted the main stream through its styles. This study is intended to provide a theoretical frame on the understanding of subcultural styles, with a close examination of its formative and developing process and characteristics. This study understands subcultural style as a way of deviate or resistant expression within a society. It differentiates itself from the main style by deliberately and publicly asserting its own identity, and, as a result, realizes in the form of fashion its repressed subconsciousness, resistance to the alienation from the society, and deviation from the normative ethics and morality of a society. The four types of subcultural styles presented in chapter 4 are based on their form of resistance, and they are classified and analyzed as follows: The first type is revision, which tries to revise and change the given form by adding new elements. There are two kinds of revision, one is dressing up, which dresses for success, and the other is minimal dressing. Hyperbole is the second type, which resists by emphasizing or hyperbolizing the main stream with its erotic, nihilistic, or dynamic forms. Two kinds of hyperbole are examined, one is hyperbole of masculinity, and the other is ostentatious hyperbole. The third type is reversal and rejection, which reverses the forms from the established sign system into its own secret code, or rejects the traditional taboos. This type include no dressing, and the reversal of sex identity. Isolation and redrawal is the fourth type, which tries to distance itself from the ritual code of the day. This type is divided into dressing of the escape from time, and dressing of the escape from space. The first group of this type is characterized by nostalgia or futurism. An emphasis is given on ethnicity, naturalism, or a closed space within a city in dressing of the escape from space. In conclusion, it can be said that subcultural style puts the foremost importance on individual freedom. Since 1990s, the distinction between the subcultural styles and high fashion gets somewhat blurred, while the liberal, sexual, life stylistic tension between the two groups are heightened.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to understand the modernization process of interior spaces in the Korean housing, focused not only on the architectural aspects, but also on the sociological, anthropological and feministic aspects of housing. The development of korean housing from the period of traditional agricultural society and Japanese domination through the period of industrial development to the period of modem industrial society have been reviewed not from the Point of westernization but from the point of Korean own needs for modernity. It also tried to find the determinants of the relationship between social behavior patterns and space organization through historical change of housing plans. As a result, it was found the various western impacts to the continuation or change of Korean housing culture in the modernization process. Consequently this study comes to the concrete results as follows; 1) sociological aspect: The early layout of floorplans, that promoted the communication and contact between the user were changed. The layout of spaces in the modern housing tends to be not interdependence each other and be very isolated from the outdoor spaces. Those Phenomena reflect the trends to the Individualization, equivalence and privatization in the life of family. 2) feministic aspects: Differently from the early kitchen, modern ones locates in the internal space in the housing and the dinning area is appeared. And also the standing work at the kitchen war usually spreaded. Such changes are due to the emancipation of the women and downfall of the subordinate relationship between the genders. 3) anthropological aspects: The lifestyle, in which the user was mostly sitting on the floor, was constantly disappeared by using of furnitures that determines the function of each spaces in the housing. Those change demonstrate the change of behavior Patterns, thus, the needs of differentiation of function as well as the feministic needs. In other word, the coexistence of both fields of work and relax is required. 4) tectonic aspects: In the indoor space of modern housing the rooms are closed each other. Thus, concentrated circulation system act to separate these spaces. It is concrete spatial element that mostly shows the synthetic character of modem housing.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

산업현장에서 사용되고 있는 인화성물질의 연소특성치로는 하부/상부인화점. 폭발하한계/상한계, 최소자연발화온도(AIT), 연소점, 최소산소농도(MOC) 등이 있다. 공정 및 근로자 안전을 위해서는 이들 특성치의 정확한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 에폭시수지와 폴리우레탄의 용매, 올레핀의 산화제, 연료용 기름과 바이오물질의 주원료 등으로 다양하게 사용되고 있는 tert-Amylalcohol(TAA)를 선정하였다. 그 이유는 다른 가연성물질에 비해 연소특성치의 신뢰성에 비교 고찰하였다. TAA의 인화점은 밀폐식 Setaflash, Pensky-Martens와 개방식 Tag, Cleveland 장치로 측정하였고, AIT는 ASTM 659E를 사용하였다. 그리고 TAA의 폭발하한계/상한계는 측정된 하부/상부인화점을 이용하여 예측하였다. Setaflash, Pensky-Martens에 의한 인화점은 19 ℃와 21 ℃, Tag와 Cleveland는 각각 28 ℃와 34 ℃, AIT는 437 ℃로 측정되었다. Setaflash에서 측정된 인화점에 의한 폭발하한계/상한계는 1.1 vol%와 11.95 vol%로 계산되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.122-133
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to develop an effective process for fabricating biocompatible calcium phosphate powders (CPPs) using horse bones, and to investigate the characteristics of them. Methods: The characteristics of horse bone powders (HBPs) were investigated according to the different osseous tissue types (compact bone and cancellous bone), bone types (spine and tibia), pretreatment methods (cold water, $H_2O_2$, and hot water), sintering time (4, 8 and 12h), and sintering temperature (600, 900, 1100 and $1300^{\circ}C$). In addition, the grinding methods were compared based on the wet grinding (ball mill) and dry grinding (blade grinder) method to make it as powders. Finally, their cytotoxicity and cell viability were checked. Results: Regardless of the types of osseous tissues and bones, HBPs were well fabricated as biocompatible CPPs. It was also found that the pretreatment methods did not influence on the resultants, showing well-fabricated HBPs. Considering the processing time, the hot water method was the most suitable compared to other pretreatment methods. Further, 12h-sintering time was sufficient to remove residual organic compounds. The sintering temperatures greatly affected the properties of bone powders fabricated. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak of horse bone sintered at $600^{\circ}C$ was most closed to that of hydroxyapatite (HA). Our bioactivity study demonstrated that the HBPs fabricated by sintering horse bones at $1300^{\circ}C$ showed the best performance in terms of cell viability whereas the HBPs $1100^{\circ}C$ showed the cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Using various types of horse bone tissues, biocompatible CPPs were successfully developed. We conclude that the HBPs may have a great potential as biomaterials for various biological applications including bone tissue engineering.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.902-909
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 인공위성 근접운용을 위한 단일 영상 기반 상대항법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 추적 위성은 하나의 카메라 센서만을 이용하여 표적 위성을 관측하고 영상추적을 통해 표적 위성의 위치 정보를 얻게 된다. 그러나 단일 영상만을 이용할 경우, 표적과의 상대 거리에 해당하는 깊이 정보를 얻기 힘들다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 능동 윤곽 기법을 영상 추적에 적용하였다. 능동 윤곽 기법을 통해 표적의 이미지 크기를 얻을 수 있고 이러한 형상 정보를 바탕으로 상대 거리를 간접적으로 계산할 수 있다. 두 인공 위성이 상대 운동을 하는 우주환경을 구현하고 가상의 카메라 영상을 생성하기 위해 3차원 가상현실이 이용되었다. 추적 위성은 UKF를 이용하여 표적 위성에 대한 상대위치를 추정하면서 글라이드슬로프 접근 기법을 이용하여 표적 위성에 근접한다. 상대항법의 성능을 분석하기 위해서 폐 루프 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.723-744
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• 2010

오늘날 사회에서는 다양하고, 유연한 사고능력을 가진 창의적인 인재 육성을 필요로 하고 있다. 이에 개방형 문제는 다양한 답을 찾는 과정에서 학습자의 창의력 계발에 효과적인 학습방법으로 생각된다. 이러한 개방형 문제는 두뇌 발달에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가? 최근 두뇌 기능 상태를 고려한 교수-학습 활동 개발의 필요성이 제안되면서 이를 위한 기초 연구로 학습자의 뇌파 측정 및 뇌파를 통한 교육 효과 검증 등이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개방형 문제가 수학적 창의력에 미치는 영향과 함께 뇌파 측정을 통해 뇌기능 발달에 미치는 효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 개방형 문제는 학습자의 수학적 창의력과 두뇌 각성, 긍정적인 학습 성향, 두뇌 활동의 효율성을 높이는데 효과적인 문제 유형이었다. 따라서 개방형 문제가 꾸준히 개발되어 학생들에게 다양한 답을 찾는 문제 해결 경험을 제공해야 한다. 또한 개방형 문제를 활용한 수업에도 적극 활용될 필요가 있다. 특히 개방형 문제 해결이 뇌기능에 미치는 긍정적인 효과를 고려해 볼 때, 주의가 낮고, 수학 학습에 소극적인 학습자에게 개방형 문제를 제시하고, 꾸준한 학습 경험을 제공할 필요가 있다.