• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.489-496
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• 2017

This study was conducted to test the applicability of hydroxy radical reactor system, which applied advanced oxidation processes, to sterilize pathogenic bacteria for nutrient solution recycling in closed hydroponics. Removal efficiency was tested on 25 L of nutrient solution maxed with 10 mL culture solution of bacteria, E. coli, and R. solanacearum in a pilot tank. The testing conditions included various levels of hydroxy radicals resulting from air flow rates of 40, 80, and $120L\;min^{-1}$, and 12 hours processing time. The removal of bacteria, E. coli, and R. solanacearum by hydroxy radical in nutrient solution was significantly increased with an increase in the flow rate of the air from $40L\;min^{-1}$ to $120L\;min^{-1}$. The optimum removal efficiency was achieved at an air flow rate of $120L\;min^{-1}$ for 2 hours treatment. There were no significant differences in removal efficiency among bacteria, E. coli, and R. solanacearum for tested level and time of hydroxy radical. These results verified the efficiency of hydroxy radical in removing the pathogenic bacteria and the applicability of hydroxy radical reactor system in the field.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.4
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• pp.7-32
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• 2006

This study is about the cultural policy related to fine art under the U. S. Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK), from September 8, 1945, to August 15, 1948. Drawing on the previous studies of Korean art history in the 'Liberation Period', this study especially concentrates on intention, attitude and activities of the USAMGIK. Particularly the historical documents, stored at the National Archives at the College Park, Maryland, U.S.A., were valuable to do research on the cultural policy of USAMGIK. The cultural policy was subordinated to the political objectives of occupation that can be summarized to building a stronghold of anti-communism in South Korea. Under the U.S. Military government control, cultural matters were assigned to the Cultural Section, the Bureau of Education, which later turns into the Bureau of Culture, the Department of Education. The Bureau of Culture dealt with matters of the ancient Korean art treasures and of the Korean contemporary art. USAMGIK reopened the Korean National Museum which had been closed by the Japanese since the World War II period. After that, U.S. Department of State sent arts & monuments specialists to South Korea for investigating ancient Korean art and culture. Although some of the destructed art treasures were restored during the occupation, th ere were many negative cases including intentional destruction of historic sites or loot of art treasures by U.S. army. In contrast to their interest in the Korean antiquities, USAMGIK payed little attention to promoting the Korean contemporary artists and their arts. USAMGIK distrusted and suppressed the artists of leftism, while they kept good relations with the pro-American artists and the right-wing artists. In conclusion, the visual-cultural policy of USAMGK was mainly planned and carried out in order to preserve the national interest of the United States. This period produced long-term effects on the fine art and visual culture of South Korea, in terms of institution, policy, and reorganization of art community based on anti-cummunism.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

The stromatal forms of T. fuciformis and the mycelia of Hypoxylon sp. were collected. The DNA sequence in the ITS region of the 5.8S ribosomal genes of isolated strain KG103 was very similar to that of T. fuciformis AF042409 with a homology of over 98% in the EMBL/GenBank database through BLAST searching. A second isolate, No KG201, one of the symbiotic strains for cultivating T. fuciformis also exhibited high homology with Annulohhypoxylon stygium AJ390406. Potato Dextrose Medium exhibited the best mycelial growth of 14 mm/14 days and 85 mm/14 days for T. fuciformis and its symbiotic fungi, respectively. Optimum culture conditions for the micelial growth were pH 5 at $25^{\circ}C$. For the optimization of artificial cultivation of T. fuciformis in bottle with sawdust medium, several conditions such as type of sawdust, supplements, pH, moisture content, and incubation temperature were investigated. T. fuciformis and symbiotic fungi showed fast mycelial growth on corn cob media (77 and 52%) followed by oak tree sawdust and cotton seed meal. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of T. fuciformis and symbiotic fungi on corn cob media was $25^{\circ}C$ at 55% of moisture content.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nutrient solution strength on growth and nutrient element concentrations in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'Dduksum') by hydroponic culture under fluorescent lamp and LED. Leaf lettuce were grown in closed hydroponic cultivation systems supplied with 1/2, 1 and 2 strength of nutrient solution recommended by horticultural experiment station in Japan. The growth of 'Dduksum' was highest in the 2 strength of standard nutrient solution. The amount of nutrient element in the recycled nutrient solution was higher at 2, 1 and 1/2 strength of nutrient solution. The concentration of NO₃-N, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in the recycled nutrient solutions increased in 1 and 2 strength of nutrient solution but that of NH₄-N decreased gradually in 1/2 and 1 strength of nutrient solution. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg in leaf lettuce was maintained in the normal range, whereas the concentration of phosphorous was 1.3 to 1.6%, which was higher than proper range. As the concentration of NH₄-N decreases gradually in all the treatments, it is necessary to raise the rate of NH₄-N or add it.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.350-352
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• 2002

We examined the bacteriochlorophyill/bacteriopheophytin ratios in several species of purple bacteria containing only LHI. The pigment ratios depended greatly on species. Further, Rhodospirillum rubrum showed wide variation when grown under different light intensity, and Rhodobium marinum showed significant variation from culture to culture even under the same light conditions. The protein ratios of a/RC and $\beta$/RC estimated by SDS-PAGE of chromatophores of Rsp. rubrum and Rbi. marinum exhibited the ratio of $\beta$/$\alpha$ > 1. These findings gave us the novel idea that there are two types of LHl; one is a C-shaped open antenna composed by $\alpha$$\beta$ units surrounding a RC, and another is a small closed ring antenna composed by $\alpha$$\beta$ units located peripherally in a variable ratio to the core complex like LH2.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of accidents in patient safety. Methods: Data were collected from October 8, 2011 to January 31, 2012 through in-depth interviews with seven nurses who had worked on wards or in the ICU in a university hospital. Data were analyzed by applying Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. Results: The following six categories were extracted: Fear of the patient's condition caused by the accident, Conflict in the accident report, Blame on others and circumstances, Feeling guilty and sorry as the patient's condition is improving, Being disappointed with the unfavorable atmosphere in dealing with the accident, After the accident, being sensitive in performing nursing duties and being faithful to the principles. Conclusion: The results indicate that the organizational culture in the hospital related to accidents in patient safety is still closed and punitive, and such an atmosphere causes nurses to feel seriously hurt, but through this experience nurses are likely to mature as nursing professionals. Programs on prevention of accidents in patient safety and a system to guard against these accidents should be established. Also the organizational safety culture should be improved.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

Technological development of information and communication have brought sharp changes to every sector such as society, culture, economy and education because of knowledge and information-oriented society. The number of classes has decreased, and some schools are closed or incorporated due to decrease of the population. Such phenomenon has brought changes to learning using digital technology and space. A change called digital innovation is characterized by interactive communication centering on the internet network. Therefore, it is very important to predict educational environment to be changed according to digital environment and to note how real learning space is changed. The development of digital technology in society in general presents two concepts of digital and contents, digitalized information. Such technology is recognized as a new paradigm in education sector and a new space is created through participation of instructors and learners in learning space. This study analysed cases of learning space of elementary schools based on bibliographical examination and related bibliography including data from academic presentations and news release to present developed leaning space. To present healthy and creative learning environment which can lead knowledge and information-based society in the future, the preface described the background, purpose, methods and range of the study, and analysed transitional processes of society and culture, digital learning contents, and learning space in education of elementary schools. Finally the study identified trends and cases of research on learning space and suggested digital learning contents space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.369-392
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• 1998

In order to identify and describe the central core of fashion desire, the concept of“anti-aesthetics”and“open fashion”were analyzed based on the discourses of postmodernism dis-cussed in the field of sociology, culture, art and philosophy. In this paper, first, the new perspectives of fashion related to modernism and postmodernism were proposed, open concept, anti-aesthet-ics which is ephemerality but eternal ideology. Key principles of postmodernism as anti-aess-thetics mean the philosophy of nihilism proposed by Nietzsche indeterminency, the endd of original art(the death of art), the sublimity provided by Lyotard, and the pluralism to release human from the closed way of thinking, value, ideology. Second, the old and classical definition of fashion,“the differentiation of class”proposed by Veblen and Simmel has been changed into the“differentiation of taste”in postmodern condition. Third, the dichotomous system, that is, ration vs emotion, soul vs body, male vs female, culture vs nature, and so on has been deconstructed and disolved in the postmodern fashion phenomenon using the technique of anti-formalism, such as pastich, parody, bricolage an kitsch for the expression of sublimity and freedom of human.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.537-545
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• 2007

The heavy metal removal capacity of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. cultured together with wet-mixed solidified soil (loess) was tested. A Cladophora sp. was cultured for 5d, with added Chu No. 10 medium, in stream water contaminated by high concentration of heavy metals from a closed mine effluent. Heavy metal ion concentrations of the medium and in algal tissue were measured every day during the experiment. Dissolved metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in medium were rapidly removed (over 90% elimination) within 1-2d when alga and loess were added. Dissolved heavy metals dropped by only 10% when algae were cultured without loess. The Cladophora sp. accumulated much more heavy metals when cultured with loess than when the alga was cultured alone. Cladophora sp. exhibited a maximum uptake capacity for Al ($17,000{\mu}g^{-1}$ algal dry weight). The metal bioremoval capacities of the algae were in the order Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd. The heavy metal removal capacity of Cladophora sp. showed significant increases when wet-mixed solidified soil was added to culture media.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-179
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to draw application elements of housing interior design according to user-oriented sensibility types. The sensibility evaluation experiments were conducted to target the general user 118 people using the sensibility evaluation tool for housing interior space. The results of the analysis were as: To produce the 'cozy' space, the colors and materials giving soft and natural feeling should be used. For the 'practical' space, type of ceiling and window that give the visually open feeling, the user-oriented furniture arrangement that allows using the space efficiently. For the 'cheerful' space, the simple and natural effects should be produced by using closed space that stable. For the 'traditional' space, the natural fishing material having rough texture should be used. For the 'unique' space, the space contained the dynamic feeling by the diagonal or vertical line and the graphic expression in the wall. For the 'congenial' emotional space, basic is the symmetric, stable and simple space. On the other hand, for the material, small size, natural texture or typical and soft materials should be used. For the 'sensuous' space, the dynamic and vertical sense of space should be expressed by the type of ceiling. The most important elements for the space of 'gorgeous' sensibility, is the color.