• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2021

Camel (camelus dromedarius) is a unique large mammalian species that can survive harsh environmental conditions and produce milk, meat, and wool. Camel reproduction is inferior when compared to other farm animal species such as cattle and sheep. Several trials have been reported to increase camel reproduction and production through assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization and cloning. For these reasons, obtaining enough mature oocytes is a cornerstone for ARTs. This demand would be improved by the oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) systems. In this review, the current approaches and views from different laboratories using ARTs and the IVM to produce embryos in vitro in camel species. For the last two decades, conventional IVM system was the common approach, however, recently the bi-phasic IVM system has been introduced and showed promising improvement in IVM of camel oocytes. Detailed studies are needed to understand camel meiosis and IVM to efficiently increase the production of this species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.855-862
• /
• 2010

Among the known interferon-induced antiviral mechanisms, the Mx pathway is one of the most powerful pathways. The Mx protein has direct antiviral activity and inhibits a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the viral replication cycle. Cloning, characterization, and expression of Mx in vivo and in vitro have been conducted. The chicken Mx gene spans 21 kb and is made up of 14 exons and 13 introns, of which the promoter region was analyzed. The real-time PCR results showed that Mx expression was increased in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) after 12- and 24-h induction with polyI: C. Induction of Mx expression by poly I: C in vivo revealed tissue-specific patterns among the chicken tissues tested. A trace expression of Mx was detected in healthy chicken liver tissues from adult chickens without inducement; the expression levels in the liver, heart, and gizzard were higher than in the muscle and kidney. This is the first report to demonstrate the expression of a glutathione-S-transferase-tagged-Mx fusion protein of 75 KDa, as well as the biological activity tested by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2009

Abnormal development and fetal loss during the post-implantation period are key concerns in the production of cloned animals by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We hypothesized that the problems in cloned porcine offspring derived from SCNT are related to interactions between the conceptus and the endometrial environment. In the present study, we investigated expression patterns in the formation of placenta-related genes (Cdx2 and GATA6) in whole in vivo normal porcine embryos (from single cell to blastocyst) and each tissue of a normal fetus at Days 25, 35 and 55 by quantitative mRNA expression analysis using real-time PCR. The expression of Cdx2 and GATA6 mRNA increased to around the blastocyst stage. These genes were gradually decreased from the peri-implantation to post-implantation stage. Moreover, we examined the expression patterns of Cdx2 and GATA6 in Day 35 normal and SCNT cloned fetuses by the same methods. And, the level of Cdx2 and GATA6 gene expression in the extraembryonic tissue of SCNT was significantly higher than that of control tissues. From the present results, it can be postulated that the aberrant expression of Cdx2 and GATA6 genes in the endometrial and extraembryonic tissues at pre- and peri-implantation stages may be closely related to the lower efficiency of animal cloning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2009

Mammal microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) can conjugate many toxic or carcinogenic substances and depress oxidative stress. In this study, Chicken MGST1 and its variants were cloned for the first time and were composed of 956 or 944 nucleotides. The 12 nt deletion in the exon 2 did not alter the GT-AG rule and the ORFs for the two MGST1 variants were the same, which both comprised 465 nucletides and encoded a peptide with 155 amino acids. It was found that the two different splice variants identified using RT-PCR expressed in all three organs investigated of Dwarf Brown Chicken, namely liver, spleen and shell gland. Moreover, the expression level of MGST1 mRNA in the liver of Dwarf Brown chickens was the highest (p<0.01), and there were no significant differences between the spleen and the shell gland. These results provide a base for studying the biological function of Chicken MGST1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.897-902
• /
• 2004

PSMC5 subunit, which belongs to the 26S proteasomal subunit family, plays an important role in the antigen presentation mediated by MHC class I molecular. Full-length cDNA of porcine PSMC5 was isolated using the in silico cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Amino acid was deduced and the primary structure was analyzed. Results revealed that the porcine PSMC5 gene shares the high degree of sequence similarity with its mammalian counterparts at both the nucleotide level and the amino acid level. The RT-PCR was performed to detect the porcine PSMC5 expression pattern in seven tissues and the result showed that high express level was observed in spleen, lung, marrow and liver while the low express level was in muscle. The full-length genomic DNA sequence of porcine PSMC5 gene was amplified by PCR and the genomic structure revealed that this gene was comprised by 12 exons and 11 introns. Best alignment of the cDNA and genomic exon DNA sequence presents 4 mismatches and this information potentially bears further study in gene polymorphisms.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 1983

Animal in dustry in Korea urgently needs the domestic introduction and the industrial a, pp.ication of embryo transfer technique. Namely, this technique can be utilized effectively, as means of the improvement of livestocks, as means of the increase of meat production, as means of substitute for the livestock import, and dissemination of new breed. However, as this technique avaliable in our country is remaining initial stage, we can not make use of the technique industrially unless we make much improvement as follows; induction of superovulation, non-surgical recovery of embryos, synchronization between the estrus such cycles of donor and recipient, non-surgical transfer of embryos, etc. Simultaneously, the basic studies such as harvesting oocytes from ovary, in vitro culture of oocytes, in vitro capacitation of spermatozoa, cloning by culture of blastomeres and transfer of nuclei, sexing embryo, etc. should not be neglected in order to make the technique of embryo transfer more simple and convenient. For the success of these studies, universities, national and public institutes, large scale cattle farms, and small scale cattle farms should cooperate each other. For instance, universities undertake basic researches, and the national and public institutes a, pp.y the results of the researches to animal industry along with cooperation by large scale cattle farms. By the help of the cooperative organizations, the technique relevant to our environment and farm condition may be able to be finalized, and to be a, pp.ied to samll scale cattle farm. Consequently, being served to stimulate animal productivity, this technique can be contributed to the development of livestock industry in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.829-839
• /
• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to clone the mRNA sequence of the Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) gene of goats and explore the effect of ACADL on the differentiation of subcutaneous fat cells on this basis. Methods: We obtained the ACADL gene of goats by cloning and used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the ACADL expression patterns of different goat tissues and subcutaneous fat cells at different lipid induction stages. In addition, we transfect intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes separately by constructing overexpressed ACADL vectors and synthesizing Si-ACADL; finally, we observed the changes in oil red stained cell levels under the microscope, and qPCR detected changes in mRNA levels. Results: The results showed goat ACADL gene expressed in sebum fat. During adipocyte differentiation, ACADL gradually increased from 0 to 24 h of culture, and decreased. Overexpression of ACADL promoted differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes in goat and inhibited their differentiation after interference. Conclusion: So, we infer ACADL may have an important role in positive regulating the differentiation process in goat subcutaneous adipocytes. This study will provide basic data for further study of the role of ACADL in goat subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and lays the foundation for final elucidating of its molecular mechanisms in regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in goats.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.211-211
• /
• 2004

골다공증 치료제로 이용되고 있는 hPTH (human parathyroid hormome)는 체내의 혈중 칼슘 농도를 조절하는 인간의 부갑상선 호르몬이다. 본 연구에서는 retrovirus vector system을 이용하여 hPTH를 효율적으로 생산하는 PFF (porcine fetal fibroblast) 돼지 세포를 구축하고자 하였다. hPTH 유전자는 갑상선 암 환자로부터 적출한 부갑상선 조직의 RNA를 주형으로 RT-PCR을 수행하여 cloning하였으며, 이 유전자가 RSV promoter 통제하에 발현되게끔 design된 retrovirus vector를 구축하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.170-170
• /
• 2004

First of all, in vitro production (IVP) of porcine embryos is an important as initial step to improve bio-technical applications such as transgenesis and cloning for xenotransplantation. In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in the IVP embryos using advanced methods for in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
• /
• 1998.07a
• /
• pp.61-62
• /
• 1998

The effects of rearing temperature on the sex determination of zebrafish were examined to address the questions, "Is it possible to control phenotypic sex artificially; and what genes may be involved in that process\ulcorner". At higher temperature(${32-34}^{\circ}C vs 28.5^{\circ}$C), a dramatic shift of the sex ratio(female 1 : male 9) was found. with DD-PCR cloning, several candidate genes were cloned and analyzed. Further analysis should help to understand sex-determining mechanisms involved in the artificial induction.induction.