• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 2014

Purpose: If the survival of patients suffering from severe blunt trauma is to be improved, appropriate interventions should be taken immediately. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of end-tidal carbon dioxide ($ETCO_2$) as a surrogate marker for predicting both the need for intervention and the prognosis. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Nasal cannula was applied to measure $ETCO_2$, and the following parameters, which are known to be related to the prognosis for a patient, were recorded: injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), arterial blood gas (ABG), lactate, and hemoglobin (Hb). To evaluate the outcome, we investigated the details of emergent interventions and expired patients. Results: A total of 93 patients were enrolled in this study. Emergent intervention was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (sBP, p-value=0.001), $ETCO_2$ (p-value<0.001), serum lactate level (p-value<0.001), pH (p-value< 0.003), $HCO_3$ (p-value=0.004), base excess (p-value<0.002), ISS (p-value<0.001) and RTS (p-value=0.005). In the multivariate logistic regression, only $ETCO_2$ (odds ratio (OR): 0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.792-0.975, p-value= 0.048) and ISS (OR: 1.132, 95% CI: 1.053-1.233, p-value=0.002) were associated with emergent intervention whereas $ETCO_2$ (p-value=0.973) and ISS (p-value=0.511) were not statistically significant in predicting the survival of patients in the univariate analysis. An optimal ETCO cut-off of 29 mmHg on the ROC curve was determined, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) being 0.824 (0.732-0.917)]. Conclusion: This study has revealed that $ETCO_2$, which can be rapid and easily measured through a nasal cannula, and the ISS may be prognostic indicators of emergent interventions in Emergency Departments.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

This study analyzes through the review of literature and laws the exposure time, clinical frequency, and radiation exposure of intraoral and extraoral radiography as well as of panoramic radiography performed by dental hygienists in dental clinics, compares the dental radiology curriculums of radiological science and dental hygiene departments, and proposes the expansion of dental hygienists' radiography operations. The radiology curriculums were compared between the radiological science and dental hygiene departments of colleges. For new analysis by radiography for dental diagnosis, the exposure time, radiation absorbed dose, effective dose, and number of days of natural radiation were compared by the type of oral radiation films and radiographical techniques proposed by domestic and international studies. The exposure time of panoramic radiography is 15 seconds and it takes about two minutes for completion, whereas the exposure time of the standard radiography is 0.2~0.8 seconds and it takes 10 times longer for completion of the radiography of full mouth than the panoramic radiography. The standard radiography can cause distortions of radiation at severely curved parts of dental arch and palatopharyngeal reflex. However, panoramic radiography can be performed even for lock jaw patients, causes less inconvenience to patients and is much simpler than the standard radiography. The percentage of dental clinics where radiography is performed by dental hygienists was 92.0%, and the percentage of standard film radiography by dental hygienists was 98% whereas the percentage of panoramic radiography by dental hygienists was 92%. For the absorbed dose which is an indicator of radiation exposure, the When the effective dose which is an indicator of the danger of radiation exposure was converted to the number of days of natural radiation, it was 3.3 days for panoramic radiography, but 13.9 days for the full mouth standard radiography by bisecting angle technique which was 4.2 times longer than the panoramic radiography. There were two colleges that had a dental radiology course with two credits in the departments of radiological science. The credits for dental radiology courses in the department of dental hygiene ranged varied by college, ranging from 3 to 8; on average, the theory course was 2.2 credits and the practice course was 2.02 credits. To summarize the above results, the percentage of dental clinics where panoramic radiography is performed by dental hygienists under the guidance of dentists is high. Panoramic radiography has become an essential facility for dental clinics. It is faster than standard film radiography and less dangerous due to low radiation exposure. Panoramic radiography is a simple mechanical job that does not require training of oral radiography by radiotechnologist. Because panoramic radiography is one of major operations which must be performed at all times in dental clinics, it must be designated as intraoral technique rather than extraoral technique, or legalized for inclusion in the scope of operations of dental hygienists.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the independent factors associated with the registration rate for the community-based post suicidal care program in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between March and December 2013 at the academic ED at the tertiary urban hospital. During the study period, the pre-designed registry was recorded. The variables examined included the following: patients' demographic data (Sex, age, address, type of insurance, marital status, level of education, and history of previous psychiatric disease), suicide-related data (suicidal methods, combined drink of alcohol and number of previous attempts), and management-related data (disposition at ED, physician's training level, etc.). Univariated and multivariated logistic regression analyses were performed for identification of factors affecting the registration rate for the community-based post suicidal care program. Results: A total of 163 suicides were included during the study period. Of these, 33 (20.2%) patients were registered in the post-suicide care program. Factors including a patient's address (OR: 14.92, 95% CI: 3.606-61.711), immediate intervention by psychiatric healthcare center (OR: 5.05, CI: 1.688-15.134), admissions in hospital (OR: 3.69, CI: 1.286-10.605), and history of previous psychiatric disease (OR: 3.52, CI: 1.216-10.201) showed significant association with registration for the program. Conclusion: The community-based post-suicidal care program, which is available 24 hours a day, should be operated in each district in order to increase the registration rate. Emergency physicians should actively consider the inpatient treatment program for suicidal patients and strongly recommend registration to the program, particularly for patients without previous history of psychiatric disease.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of this study was compare the effect of core muscle strengthening between core exercise on stable surface and core exercise on unstable surface. Methods: Thirty-nine adults participated in this study and were randomly allocated to three groups. The stable surface exercise group and unstable surface exercise groups practiced core muscle training for $3{\times}30minute$ sessions over a 4-week period. The control group did not received therapeutic intervention except pre and post test. The following clinical tools were used to assess core muscle strength and balance: Side Plank Test, Trunk Flexion Test, Balance Error Scoring Test, Core Muscle Stength & Stability Test. Results: The stable surface exercise group showed significant improvement in trunk muscle strength of anterolateral part as revealed by the Side Plank Test and Trunk flexion Test(p<.05). The unstable surface exercise group showed significant improvement in trunk muscle strength of anterolateral part and balance ability as revealed by the Balance Error Scoring Test and Core Muscle Strength & Stability Test(p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study, both core exercise on stable surface and core exercise on unstable surface induced core muscle strengthening and balance ability. Expecially core exercise on unstable surface more effective to core muscle strengthening and balance ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of Oketani breast massage on breast discomfort, The amount of the breast milk, and the total protein of the breast milk in early postpartum mothers. The design was a non-equivalent control group Quasi-experiment. In the nursing intervention, The Oketani breast massage was given to the experimental group twice after giving birth, and Self Mamma Care (SMC) training was given to the control group. The collected data were analyzed by $x^2-test$ and t-test. The results of the study showed that the Oketani breast massage was more effective than the SMC-treated control group because of decreasing breast discomfort and increasing the amount of breast milk and total milk protein. Therefore, the Oketani breast massage will help early postpartum mothers more easily breastfeed. For the implication for practice, this study suggests that Oketani breast massage can be used as the effective nursing intervention that facilitates breastfeeding of early postpartum mothers in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1995

This study was designed to explore the effectiveness of education to improve self-care of stroke patients with three types of charactor health locus of control and constitution. A total of 56 patients were selected by convenience sampling at one oriental hospital. The teaching of self-care was conducted by the researcher. The self-care performance was measured for 10 days. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe method as post hoc test. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The self-care performance by patients' characteristics : Age and education had impact on the self-care performance. The level of self-care performance of young and high educated patients was high, gender, religion, occupation, monthly income, and the paralyzed side, however, didn't have influence on the self-care performance. 2. The self-care performance of patients with three types of constitution : There was no statistical significance on the self-care performance of patients group by constitution. However, average score of self-care performance of patients with So-Um was high. 3. The self-care performance of patients with three types of health locus of control : There was no statistical significance on self-care performance of patient group by health locus of control. 4. The correlation between the constitution and the health locus of control : There was no statistical significance on the introverted and chance health locus of control of patients with three types of constitution. However, there was a statistically significant relationship between the powerful others health locus of control and So-Yang. Even though there was no statistically significant self-care performance of patients with So-Um, there was a clinical significance on the high score of self-care performance of patients with So-Um as compared with the self-care performance of the patients. The health locus of control didn't have influence on the self-care performance of patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the powerful others health locus of control and So-Yang. Therefore, this study suggest the need to develop the nursing intervention to improve the self-care of stroke patients with the powerful others health locus of control and So-Yang, Furthermore, the longitudinal research is needed to determine the effectiveness of training to imp

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

Virtual Reality(VR) is a new technology which makes humans communicate with computer. It allows the user to see, hear, feel and interact in a three-dimensional virtual world created graphically. In this paper, we introduced VR into psychotherapy area and developed VR system for the exposure therapy of acrophobia. Acrophobia is an abnormal fear of heights. Medications or cognitive-behavior methods have been mainly used as a treatment. Lately the virtual reality technology has been applied to that kind of anxiety disorders. A virtual environment provides patient with stimuli which arouses phobia, and exposing to that environment makes him having ability to over come the fear. In this study, the elevator stimulator that composed with a position sensor, head mount display, and audio system, is suggested. To illustrate the physiological difference between a person who has a feel of phobia and without phobia, heart rate was measured during experiment. And also measured a person's HR after the virtual reality training. In this study, we demonstrated the subjective effectiveness of virtual reality psychotherapy through the clinical experiment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.439-444
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• 2015

This study analyzes the chicken-related prescription shown in the literature summarized by standing tradition deliberate aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of native chickens. Therefore, The old traditional medicine books of native chickens translate and organize the relevant prescriptions. The manuscript old documents is prescribed by the old central documents sourced directly from generation to generation descendants technical publishing contemporary situation sake of the development of this unique formulation not only contemporary who established himself through numerous trials and errors. Browse almost circular in traditional medicine prescription, which is scattered throughout the country is difficult, and because of the loss can not be confirmed even its existence. This study is to establish the analysis and separated by organized to establish a database on the basis of prescription and mixed herbs in a variety of functional foods developed through usability evaluation methods of treatment. Therefore, the management systems of native chickens related to lack of knowledge and information to foster the continued expansion and specialized training and knowledge of the future growth engine industry through the added value of cultural projects of national knowledge resources. Finally, convergence research and evaluate the usefulness of native chickens through interdisciplinary research systems, and practical measures of functional foods and alternative medicine are presented as well.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 2012

The purpose of this study to grasp the effects of the stress coping method on the periodontal disease in order to provide raw data for the studies on the development of the training for effective stress copying method resulting in improvement in prevention, occurrence, and progression of periodontal disease. Data were collected from total of 326 subjects in their forties and fifties, during the period from March to October 2011. Using questionnaire and examination of periodontal health, and were analyzed using frequency, t-test, multivariate analysis of variance, multiple regression by SPSS ver. 19.0 (IBM Co., USA). The higher emotion-focused stress coping ($\beta$=0.341), the higher the gingival index, the higher the emotion-focused stress coping ($\beta$=0.239) the deeper the pocket depth, the higher the emotion-focused stress coping ($\beta$=0.158) the higher clinical attachment loss, showed statistically significant positive association. This study suggests that the dental clinic institute needs to implement education program including stress management and coping method improvement in order to prevent periodontal disease and make the occurrence and progression to be managed by professionals.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.357-371
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• 1995

We have completed a study to measure the contents of glucose, BUN, creatinine. LDH, and T-protein with respect to a fatigued condition in the bloods of rats which a constant swimming is loaded and to measure the maximun swimming time of mice The test has been carried out as a part of the basic study on the efficacy of B. E. P. (Biological Energy Projector) for emitting a light energy having a specific wavelength out of far-infrared rays. As a result. We have reached the following conclusions: 1. At testing of mice's maximun swimming time, all of B.E.P.(2. 4. 8. 24hrs) treated group have been increased in comparison with the control group, but only 24hrs-B.E.P. treated group significantly increased during 4 weeks. 2. The contents of glucose, BUN. creatinine, LDH, and T-protein measured immediately after the swimming of mice have been distinctly changed but not been significantly changed at their increase and decrease in comparison with the control group. 3. At 3rd day out of the swimming loading, the contents of glucose in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased in comparison with the control group. And 24hrs-B.E.P treated group surpassed 8hrs-B.E.P. treated group. 4. At 1st and 3rd day, the contents of creatinine in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased at B.E.P. (8, 24hrs) treated groups in comparison with the control group and have been recovered to the condition of the normal group. 5. After three days, the contents of BUN in the blood serum of the white rat have been significantly decreased in B.E.P.(8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control group and have been recovered to the condition of the normal group. 6. The contents of LDH in the blood serum of the white rat have been decreased in B.E.P.(8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control group, in particular 24hrs-B.E.P. treated group has been decreased distinctly than the normal group. 7. The contents of T-protein in the blood serum of the white rat have been distinctly increased in B.E.P. (8, 24hrs) treated groups at 3rd day in comparison with the control and normal group. As the above results, it has been proved that the execise of mice and the fatigue metabolism of rats were influenced by the light energy emitted the B.E.P., and it has been also proved that the external stimulation could be used as a preferable stimulative factor for the biological metabolism. If the clinical training and study are positively achieved, the B.E.P. would be used as curative means and preventive measures for helping human body.