• 제목/요약/키워드: clinical stage

검색결과 2,594건 처리시간 0.028초

Dosimetric Evaluation of Low-Dose Spillage Volumes for Head and Neck Cancer Using Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Techniques

  • Kumar, Gourav;Bhushan, Manindra;Kumar, Lalit;Kishore, Vimal;Raman, Kothanda;Kumar, Pawan;Barik, Soumitra;Purohit, Sandeep
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.70-81
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the dosimetric difference between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in head and neck cancer (HNC). The study primarily focuses on low-dose spillage evaluation between these two techniques. Methods: This retrospective study involved 45 patients with HNC. The treatment plans were generated using the IMRT and VMAT techniques for all patients. Dosimetric comparisons were performed in terms of target coverage, organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing, and various parameters, including conformity index, uniformity index, homogeneity index, conformation number, low-dose volumes, and normal tissue integral dose (NTID). Results: No significant (P>0.05) difference in planning target volume coverage (D95%) was observed between IMRT and VMAT plans for supraglottic larynx, hard palate, and tongue cancers. A decrease in dose volumes ranging from 1 Gy to 30 Gy was observed for VMAT plans compared with those for IMRT plans, except for V1Gy and V30Gy for supraglottic larynx cancer and V1Gy for tongue cancer. Moreover, decreases (P<0.05) in NTID were observed for VMAT plans compared with that for IMRT plans in supraglottic larynx (4.50%), hard palate (12.80%), and tongue (7.76%) cancers. In contrast, a slight increase in monitor units for VMAT compared with those for IMRT in supraglottic larynx (0.46%), hard palate (2.54%), and tongue (7.56%) cancers. Conclusions: For advanced-stage HNC, both IMRT and VMAT offer satisfactory clinical plans. VMAT offers a conformal and homogeneous dose distribution with comparable OAR sparing and higher dose falloff outside the target volume than IMRT, which provides an edge to reduce the risk of secondary malignancies for HNC over IMRT.

T-Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin 3 Expression on Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Positive Prognosticator in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

  • Byun, Kyung Do;Hwang, Hyo Jun;Park, Ki Jae;Kim, Min Chan;Cho, Se Heon;Ju, Mi Ha;Lee, Jin Hwa;Jeong, Jin Sook
    • Journal of Breast Cancer
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.406-414
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is an emerging immune response molecule related to T-cell anergy. There has been tremendous interest in breast cancer targeting immune checkpoint molecules, especially in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study was designed to investigate TIM-3 expression on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), its relationships with clinicopathological parameters and expression of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), and its prognostic role. Methods: Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray blocks produced from 109 samples of invasive ductal carcinoma type TNBC was performed with antibodies toward TIM-3, PD-1, PD-L1 and breast cancer-related molecular markers. Associations between their expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as survival analyses were performed. Results: TIM-3 was expressed in TILs from all 109 TNBCs, consisting of 17 cases (<5%), 31 cases (6%-25%), 48 cases (26%-50%), and 13 cases (>51%). High TIM-3 was significantly correlated with younger patients (p=0.0101), high TILs (p=0.0029), high tumor stage (p=0.0018), high PD-1 (p=0.0001) and high PD-L1 (p=0.0019), and tended to be associated with higher histologic grade, absence of extensive in situ components and microcalcification. High TIM-3 expression was significantly associated with a combinational immunophenotype group of high PD-L1 and high PD-1 (p<0.0001). High TIM-3 demonstrated a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.0001) and longer overall survival (OS) (p=0.0001), together with high TILs and high PD-1. In univariate survival analysis, high TIM-3 showed reduced relapse risk (p<0.0001) and longer OS (p=0.0003), together with high PD-1 expression. In multivariate analysis, high TIM-3 was statistically significant in predicting prognosis, showing better DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.0994; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0296-0.3337; p=0.0002) and longer OS (HR, 0.1109; 95% CI, 0.0314-0.3912; p=0.0006). Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrate that TIM-3 expression is an independent positive prognostic factor in TNBC, despite its association with poor clinical and pathologic features.

울진 봉평리 신라비의 재판독과 보존과학적 진단 (Reconsideration and Conservational Scientific Diagnosis of Silla Stone Monument in Bongpyeong-ri, Uljin)

  • 조영훈;이찬희;심현용
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.48-67
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    • 2013
  • 이 연구에서는 울진 봉평리 신라비를 대상으로 비문에 대한 인문학적 조사와 손상도에 대한 보존과학적 진단을 융합하여 역사적 가치의 재인식과 원형유지를 위한 보존방안을 수립하였다. 먼저 봉평비의 비문을 재판독한 결과, I행 마지막 글자는 오(五)자로 재확인하였으며, 선행연구와 다르게 판독된 글자는 모두 13자로 조사되어 이를 통해 기존 판독문의 의미와 해석이 일부 달라졌다. 봉평비의 구성암석은 편마상 우백질화강암으로 이 암석의 산지로 가장 유력한 지점은 색, 광물의 입도와 조성, 편마상 구조, 자화강도 등이 거의 유사한 죽변 해변 일대(2.1km)로 판명되었다. 봉평비는 편마상 구조를 따라 구조상(균열지수: 0.4) 및 미세 균열(균열지수: 2.0)이 발달하여 수평방향의 물성이 수직방향에 비해 취약하므로 균열계의 보강과 처리가 필요하다. 그러나 초음파 측정에 따른 전체 풍화등급은 3등급(3,404m/s, 0.32)의 중간 풍화단계를 나타내는 것으로 보아 강화처리가 시급한 단계는 아니다. 또한 화학적 손상은 토양, 철산화물 및 탁본흔적에 의한 흑화현상(85.2%)과 바다로부터 전이된 NaCl 염결정(17.3%)이 주요 문제점으로 나타났다. 따라서 오염물과 염결정은 일차적으로 증류수 압력 분무법과 펄프종이를 이용하여 제거하고, 임상실험을 통해 습포제 적용을 검토해야 한다.

Upregulation of Carbonyl Reductase 1 by Nrf2 as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury during Liver Transplantation

  • Kwon, Jae Hyun;Lee, Jooyoung;Kim, Jiye;Kirchner, Varvara A.;Jo, Yong Hwa;Miura, Takeshi;Kim, Nayoung;Song, Gi-Won;Hwang, Shin;Lee, Sung-Gyu;Yoon, Young-In;Tak, Eunyoung
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제42권9호
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    • pp.672-685
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    • 2019
  • Currently, liver transplantation is the only available remedy for patients with end-stage liver disease. Conservation of transplanted liver graft is the most important issue as it directly related to patient survival. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) protects cells against oxidative stress and cell death by inactivating cellular membrane-derived lipid aldehydes. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during living-donor liver transplantation is known to form reactive oxygen species. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether CBR1 transcription might be increased during liver I/R injury and whether such increase might protect liver against I/R injury. Our results revealed that transcription factor Nrf2 could induce CBR1 transcription in liver of mice during I/R. Pre-treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2, increased CBR1 expression, decreased liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase, and reduced I/R-related pathological changes. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery model of human normal liver cell line, it was found that oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lowered in cells overexpressing CBR1. Conversely, CBR1 knockdown cells expressed elevated levels of oxidative stress proteins compared to the parental cell line. We also observed that Nrf2 and CBR1 were overexpressed during liver transplantation in clinical samples. These results suggest that CBR1 expression during liver I/R injury is regulated by transcription factor Nrf2. In addition, CBR1 can reduce free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. Taken together, CBR1 induction might be a therapeutic strategy for relieving liver I/R injury during liver transplantation.

머신러닝기반 간 경화증 진단을 위한 웹 서비스 개발 (Development of Web Service for Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis Based on Machine Learning)

  • 노시형;김지언;이충섭;김태훈;김경원;윤권하;정창원
    • 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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    • 제10권10호
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    • pp.285-290
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    • 2021
  • 의료분야에서 인공지능 기술을 도입한 질환 진단 및 예측 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 의료영상기반의 인공지능 기술 적용에 가장 많이 활용되고 있는 질환 진단 및 예측에 대한 다양한 제품으로 출시되고 있다. 인공지능은 질병에 대한 진단, 양성과 악성으로 구분되는 질환의 구분, 질병의 위험도에 따른 구별이나 판독에 이용하기 위해 질환부위를 분리하는 등에 적용되고 있다. 최근에는 클라우드기술과 연계하여 서비스 제품으로 활용성이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서 다루는 질환 중에 간 질환은 통증이 적어 조기진단이 어려워 그 위험도가 매우 높은 질환이다. 이러한 질환 진단에 비침습적인 진단방법으로 의료영상기반으로 인공지능 기술을 도입하였다. 우리는 임상에서 가장 의미 있는 간 경화증 환자의 판독을 돕기 위한 웹 서비스 개발 내용을 기술한다. 그리고 웹서비스 프로세스를 보이고 각 프로세스의 구동 화면과 최종 결과화면을 보인다. 제안한 서비스를 통해 간 경화증을 조기에 진단하고, 빠른 치료를 통해 환자의 회복에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

구강운동촉진기술: 1 부-이론적 배경과 기초 요소 (Oral-Motor Facilitation Technique (OMFT): Part I-Theoretical Base and Basic Concept)

  • 민경철;서상민;우희순
    • 재활치료과학
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.37-52
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    • 2021
  • 서론 : 구강 운동 기능은 태아기에서 유년기 발달로 이어지는 감각 탐색, 음식 섭취, 의사소통 표현의 기초가 되는 기능이다. 구강 운동 기능에 문제가 발행하면, 구강 내 음식 처리 어려움, 삼킴 및 섭식기능 저하, 의사소통 기능 감소, 구강 위생 능력 저하 등이 나타난다. 이러한 증상 치료를 위한 구강운동 치료는 구강 내 감각 정상화, 자세 조절, 구강 움직임 증진, 구강 운동 기능 향상을 목표로 제공되는 치료법이다. 본론 : 구강운동촉진기술(OMFT)은 1) 구강 및 안면 근육계의 해부생리학적 이해; 2) 감각·적응·행동·인지의 통합적 접근; 3) 도수적 접근을 통한 감각 및 운동 자극; 4) 운동 조절과 운동 학습 이론에 기초한 구강운동의 4가지 주요 특징을 바탕으로 전반적이고 통합적인 구강 기능 증진을 목적으로 개발되었다. OMFT는 근거 중심의 새로운 치료 프로토콜로써 아동 및 성인, 신경계 및 근골격계의 구강 기능에 문제를 보이는 모든 이들에게 적용이 가능한 치료 기법이다. 결론 : 본 논문은 OMFT의 개발에 따른 이론적 배경 및 OMFT의 실제적 적용에 따른 기초 요소를 소개하는 것이 목표로, 본 논문을 통해 임상 전문가들이 정확한 이론적 배경과 치료법을 바탕으로 대상자에 맞는 전문적인 치료 제공에 도움이 되기를 바란다.

코로나19 등 대응을 위한 "유리창 부착용 항바이러스 동필름" 성능분석 사례연구 (A Case Study on Performance Analysis of Antimicrobial Copper Film Attaching to Window for Responding to COVID-19 and Others)

  • 김성제
    • 한국방재안전학회논문집
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.23-40
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    • 2021
  • 세계적인 코로나19 대유행의 시대에, 현재 치료제·백신이 개발, 시판 중인 단계에서 병원내 교차감염의 위험성이 있는 상황이므로, 개인적으로는 후천적인 면역력을 제고하고 사회환경적으로 구리이온의 성능에 의한 생활방역체제를 일반화해야 한다. 감염확산방지를 위해 동서고금의 연구개발사례를 근거로 항균동 필름의 필요성 및 항바이러스 성능실험을 통해 효능성을 분석했다. 한국건설생활환경시험연구원(KCL)에서 항균성능인증 및 "국가승인 성능인증기관"에서 항바이러스 시험성적 인증을 받게 되었다. 당시 질병관리본부의 허가를 받은 실험재료인 NCCP 43326 Human corona virus(BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020)을 분양받아 생물안전기준에 맞게 생체외 실험실에서 In Vitro시험 결과, 항바이러스 성능시험에서 감염된 세포의 활성제거율이 만족할만한 결과를 도출하고 성능을 인증받게 되었다. 항후 코로나19 바이러스 확산방지대책으로 항바이러스 동필름이 시공된 유리창 공간내에서의 실험군과 항균동필름이 없는 동일조건의 대조군을 비교하는 질(質)적인 임상실험연구가 추가 필요하다.

Postprandial Asymptomatic Glycemic Fluctuations after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device

  • Ri, Motonari;Nunobe, Souya;Ida, Satoshi;Ishizuka, Naoki;Atsumi, Shinichiro;Hayami, Masaru;Makuuchi, Rie;Kumagai, Koshi;Ohashi, Manabu;Sano, Takeshi
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.325-334
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: Although dumping symptoms are thought to involve postprandial glycemic changes, postprandial glycemic variability without dumping symptoms remains poorly understood due to the lack of a method that allows the easy and continuous measurement of blood glucose levels. Materials and Methods: Patients having undergone distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I (DG-BI) or Roux-en-Y reconstruction (DG-RY), total gastrectomy with RY (TG-RY) and pylorus preserving gastrectomy (PPG) for gastric cancer 3 months to 3 years prior, diagnosed as pathological stage I or II, were prospectively enrolled from March 2018 to January 2020. The interstitial tissue glycemic levels were measured every 15 min, up to 14 days by continuous glucose monitoring. Moreover, using a diary recording the diet and symptoms, asymptomatic glucose profiles without sugar supplementation within 3 h postprandially were compared among the four procedures. Results: A total of 40 patients were enrolled, 10 patients for each of the four procedures. There were 47 glucose profiles with DG-BI, 46 profiles with DG-RY, 38 profiles with TG-RY, and 46 profiles with PPG. PPG showed the slowest increase with a subsequent gradual decrease in glucose fluctuations, without hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, among the four procedures. In contrast, TG-RY and DG-RY showed spike-like glycemic variability, sharp rises during meals, and rapid drops. The glucose profiles of DG-BI were milder than those of RY. Conclusions: The asymptomatic glycemic changes after meals differ among the types of surgical procedures for gastric cancer. Given the mild glycemic fluctuations in PPG and the glucose spikes in TG-RY and DG-RY, pylorus preservation and physiological reconstruction without changes in food pathways may optimize postprandial glucose profiles after gastrectomy.

치조골이식과 디지털 방법을 활용한 상악 중절치 임플란트 심미 수복 증례 (Aesthetic implant restoration with alveolar bone graft and digital method on maxillary central incisor: a case report)

  • 장한솔;표세욱;김선재;장재승
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.168-174
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    • 2022
  • 상악 전치부의 임플란트 식립 시 치은 퇴축이나 골 결손 문제를 동반하는 경우에는 심미적인 임상 결과를 얻기가 쉽지 않다. 본 증례에서는 상악 우측 중절치에서 순측 치조골판의 소실이 진단되어 발치 후 연조직을 확보한 후에 골 이식을 동반하는 임플란트 식립을 계획하였다. 또한 이상적인 임플란트 식립 위치를 위해 디지털 가이드 수술을 시행하였고, 치조골 결손부가 광범위하기 때문에 하악지에서 자가골 채취 후 이종골과 함께 골유도재생술을 동반하였다. 충분한 임플란트의 골 유착 기간을 거친 뒤 2차 수술 및 인상 채득을 통한 임시 보철물을 제작하였고, 주기적인 외형 조정을 통해 연조직의 형태를 개선하였다. 최종 보철물 제작시에는 양극 처리를 시행한 맞춤형 지대주를 사용하여 자연 치아의 색조를 유도하였고, 구강 스캔을 통하여 임시 보철물의 형태를 재현해 줌으로써 심미적이고 기능적인 지르코니아 보철물을 장착해 주었다.

관합추 배속에 따른 삼음삼양의 경락학적 분포 (Meridianological Distribution of Three Yin and Three Yang According to the Opening, Closing and Pivot)

  • 김병호;백유상;임사비나
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.23-33
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    • 2022
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish a Korean medical perspective on the human body through understanding of the meridians according to the distribution of the three yin and three yang (삼음삼양) and the opening, closing and pivot (관합추) as defined in ≪Huangdi's Internal Classic≫. Methods : A total of 8 medical databases including KISS, Earticle, DBpia, RISS, OASIS, KMbase, and ScienceON were used to search studies published through July 2021, and literature was included without limitations on the publication period. The search terms were "(meridian OR acupoint OR meridian sinew) AND position" OR "Gwan-Hap-Chu" OR "Gae-Hap-Chu" OR "three yin and three yang". Two researchers independently made choices among the searched literature based on the preplanned selection/exclusion criteria. The search terms were"(meridian OR acupoint OR meridian sinew) AND position" OR "Gwan-Hap-Chu" OR "Gae-Hap-Chu" OR "three yin and three yang". Results : Of the 36 obtained from the survey, 19 (53%) followed the definitions of "internal diameter" for "three yin and three yang" and "the opening, closing and pivot," but 6 (about 16%) took a neutral position and 10 (22%) avoided mentioning. Therefore, it was judged that research was needed to end the debate on the distribution of 'three yin and three yang' and 'the opening, closing and pivot'. In order to apply the definition of ≪Huangdi's Internal Classic≫ on 'distribution of the three-yin and three-yang' and 'the opening, closing and pivot' to the upper limb and lower limb as well as the torso of the human body, this author proposed a human body model with both upper limb and lower limb attached, inspired by the posture of the fetus in the developmental stage. Conclusions : In this study, using a new human body model, it was revealed that the distribution of the three yin and three yang and the opening, closing and pivot' as defined in the ≪Huangdi's Internal Classic≫ can be applied not only to the torso of the human body, but also to the upper limb and lower limb. Based on the understanding of meridians, the selection of meridians in the clinical acupuncture should be made accurately, and continuous interest and research on this are expected.