• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.1431-1440
• /
• 2024

The study aimed to develop a laser-based distance meter (LDM) to improve water surface identification for clinical MeV electron beam dosimetry, as inaccurate water surface determination can lead to imprecise positioning of ionization chambers (ICs). The LDM consisted of a laser ranging sensor, a signal processing microcontroller, and a tablet PC for data acquisition. I₅₀ (the water depth at which ionization current drops to 50 % of its maximum) measurements of electron beams were performed using six different types of ICs and compared to other water surface identification methods. The LDM demonstrated reproducible I₅₀ measurements with a level of 0.01 cm for all six ICs. The uncertainty of water depth was evaluated at 0.008 cm with the LDM. The LDM also exposed discrepancies between I₅₀ measurements using different ICs, which was partially reduced by applying an optimum shift of IC's point of measurement (POM) or effective point of measurement (EPOM). However, residual discrepancies due to the energy dependency of the cylindrical chamber's EPOM caused remained. The LDM offers straightforward and efficient means for precision water surface identification, minimizing reliance on individual operator skills.

• Clinical Endoscopy
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.540-548
• /
• 2022

Background/Aims: Colorectal polyps are removed to prevent progression to colorectal cancer. Polyp size is an important factor for risk stratification of malignant transformation. Endoscopic size estimation correlates poorly with pathological reports and several factors have been suggested to influence size estimation. We aimed to gain insight into the factors influencing endoscopic polyp size estimation. Methods: Images of polyps in an artificial model were obtained at 1, 3, and 5 cm from the colonoscope's tip. Participants were asked to estimate the diameter and volume of each polyp. Results: Fifteen endoscopists from three large-volume centers participated in this study. With an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.71) for diameter and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.50-0.62) for volume. Polyp size estimated at 3 cm from the colonoscope's tip yielded the best results. A lower distance between the tip and the polyp was associated with a larger estimated polyp size. Conclusions: Correct endoscopic estimation of polyp size remains challenging. This finding can affect size estimation skills and future training programs for endoscopists.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 2003

Objectives：Developmental reading disorder is a condition which manifests significant developmenttal delay in reading ability or persistent errors. About 3-7% of school-age children have this condition. The purpose of the present study was to validate the diagnostic values of Word/Nonword Reading Test and Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task for the purpose of overcoming the caveats of Basic Learning Skills Test. Methods：Sixty-three reading-disordered patients(mean age 10.48 years old) and sex, age-matched 77 normal children(mean age 10.33 years old) were selected by clinical evaluation and DSM-IV criteria. Reading I and II of Basic Learning Skills Test, Word/Nonword Reading Test, and Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task were carried out to them. Word/Nonword Reading Test：One hundred usual highfrequency words and one hundred meaningless nonwords were presented to the subjects within 1.2 and 2.4 seconds, respectively. Through these results, automatized phonological processing ability and conscious letter-sound matching ability were estimated. Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task：mirror image letters which reading-disordered patients are apt to confuse were used. Reliability, concurrent validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity tests were conducted. Results：Word/Nonword Reading Test：the reliability(alpha) was 0.96, and concurrent validity with Basic Learning Skills test was 0.94. The patients with developmental reading disorders differed significantly from normal children in Word/Nonword Reading Test performances. Through discriminant analysis, 83.0% of original cases were correctly classified by this test. Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task：the reliability(alpha) was 0.86, and concurrent validity with Basic Learning Skills test was 0.86. There were significant differences in scores between the patients and normal children. Factor analysis revealed that this test were composed of saccadic mirror image processing, global accuracy, mirror image processing deficit, static image processing, global vigilance deficit, and inattention-impulsivity factors. By discriminant analysis, 87.3% of the patients and normal children were correctly classified. Conclusion：The patients with developmental reading disorders had deficits in automatized visuallexical route, morpheme-phoneme conversion mechanism, and visual information processing. These deficits were reliably and validly evaluated by Word/Nonword Reading Test and Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2010

Purpose: In accordance with the increasing number of accidents caused by various reasons and recently developed fine diagnostic skills, the incidence of orbital blow-out fracture cases is increasing. As it causes complications, such as diplopia and enophthalmos, surgical reduction is commonly required. This article reports a retrospective series of 5 blow-out fracture cases that had unusual nerve injuries after reduction operations. We represents the clinical experiences about treatment process and follow-up. Methods: From January 2000 to August 2009, we treated total 705 blow-out fracture patients. Among them, there were 5 patients (0.71%) who suffered from postoperative neurologic complications. In all patients, the surgery was performed with open reduction with insertion of $Medpor^{(R)}$. Clinical symptoms and signs were a little different from each other. Results: In case 1, the diagnosis was oculomotor nerve palsy. The diagnosis of the case 2 was superior orbital fissure syndrome, case 3 was abducens nerve palsy, and case 4 was idiopathic supraorbital nerve injury. The last case 5 was diagnosed as optic neuropathy. Most of the causes were extended fracture, especially accompanied with medial and inferomedial orbital blow-out fracture. Extensive dissection and eyeball swelling, and over-retraction by assistants were also one of the causes. Immediately, we performed reexploration procedure to remove hematomas, decompress and check the incarceration. After that, we checked VEP (visual evoked potential), visual field test, electromyogram. With ophthalmologic test and followup CT, we can rule out the orbital apex syndrome. We gave $Salon^{(R)}$ (methylprednisolone, Hanlim pharmaceuticals) 500 mg twice a day for 3 days and let them bed rest. After that, we were tapering the high dose steroid with $Methylon^{(R)}$ (methylprednisolon 4 mg, Kunwha pharmaceuticals) 20 mg three times a day. Usually, it takes 1.2 months to recover from the nerve injury. Conclusion: According to the extent of nerve injury after the surgery of orbital blow-out fracture, the clinical symptoms were different. The most important point is to decide quickly whether the optic nerve injury occurred or not. Therefore, it is necess is to diagnose the nerve injury immediately, perform reexploration for decompression and use corticosteroid adequately. In other words, the early diagnosis and treatment is most important.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting suicidal ideation, and suggest the implications for suicide prevention policy among college students based on that analysis. Empirical model including the affecting factors, such as college life stress, stress coping type, self-esteem, and maladjustment perfectionism, was developed based on the previous studies. The data were collected from 350 college students at Busan Metropolitan City areas using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The major results of this study are as follows. First, suicidal ideation was significantly lower among students with higher campus life satisfaction. Second, significant positive affecting factors on suicidal ideation were maladjustment perfectionism, interpersonal stress, boys, emotion-oriented coping type, whereas, negative factors were self-esteem. Among the significant affecting factors, self-esteem had the greatest influence. These results suggest that measures improving college life satisfaction and education and training programs for improving human relation skills and stress-coping types, mitigating maladjustment perfectionism, and enhancing self-esteem should be explored and executed properly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2020

This study was undertaken to analyze the intervening effect of nursing simulation among nursing students. This was a critical review study, and data obtained were reviewed using various data bases, including RISS, KISS, NDSL, DBpia, and KRI. The terminologies entered in the data base were nursing and simulation. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality; and narrative, descriptive or one group post-test studies were excluded from the analysis. Ed. Notes: Please review for accuracy. I have suggested the edit to the best of my understanding. Finally, 234 studies were included for investigation. Results included studies of nursing simulation intervention in Korea, commencing from 2008. One group pre-post test and two group post test were more designed in journals comparing to master thesis or doctoral dissertation. Clinical practice was the most frequently studied aspect by both the assessor and student in the two groups' pre-post test design. Nursing competences associated with dependent variables during simulation were integrated skills, critical thinking, communication, cooperation, professional recognition and leadership. The two groups pre-post design explored more varied competences as compared to other designs. Considering the results obtained, we conclude that simulation intervention is an effective teaching method for nursing students to help improve their clinical practice. However, further studies are required to assess the impact of critical thinking and problem solving.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.235-254
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing management case simulation (NMCS) framework based on the five components of nursing management process and to apply it to clinical nursing practice of nursing college students. The subjects of this study were NMCS reports submitted by the 4th grade 105 nursing students of an university. The research tool is a simulation framework for nursing management practice. It reflects the brainstorming and debriefing process used in the previous simulation exercise based on the five elements of planning, organization, human resource management, directing and control of the nursing management process respectively. As a result of the study, 32 nursing management cases were found to have 79.6% correct rate, 11.6% concept error rate, and 5.6% classification error rate in the first brainstorming and debriefing process for the five components of nursing management process. On the other hand, in the second brainstorming and debriefing process, 94.6% correct rate, 0.0% concept error rate, and 4.4% classification error rate. Based on these results, the NMCS framework developed in this study can be applied to the nursing management theory and practice course of nursing college students as well as simulation based job training and maintenance educations for clinical nurses. Therefore, we propose follow-up studies in various clinical nursing settings and a longitudinal cohort study to investigate the effect of nursing management job skills of nursing college students after graduation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant burden to infant and toddler's care globally, while the disease severity is generally mild in this age group. In this study, we aimed to assess epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: We used Seoul Metropolitan Government's epidemiological investigation database to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers, between March 2020 to December 2021. Results: A total of 5,025 infants and toddlers aged <5 years was diagnosed between the observed period. 2,720 (54.1%) had symptoms, and fever was the most common symptom in 1,941 (74.1%). Of the diagnosed cases, 96.4% did not have underlying diseases. In a district level, extended opening of childcare facility was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers. Conclusions: An efficient monitoring system, resembling routine clinical care, is crucial, considering the low rates of severe progression and fatality among infants and toddlers. Moreover, a well-grounded intervention based on scientific evidence, rather than unconditional closures, is necessary to establish a suitable childcare policy that ensures safety from infectious diseases while not overlooking the developmental aspects of social skills.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2015

Education is essential for specialists in charge terminal care of cancer patients. In the second 10-year plan to conquer cancer under the Cancer Control Act, the Korean government announced a plan to train more hospice and palliative care (HPC) specialists based on quantitative HPC expansion. Specifically, the government aims to develop e-learning programs to foster social workers in HPC, following those offered to doctors and nurses. In HPC, social workers have served a vital role in helping patients overcome psychological and social issues. As professionals, they have carried out their responsibilities and played their part in the field to help HPC to take root and be institutionalized in Korea. To date, it has been difficult to obtain practical knowledge and skills for social workers due to the lack of systematic training program. Development of an e-learning program for social workers, as proposed in this study, should strengthen social workers in charge of terminally-ill cancer patients in terms of their identity, expertise, and practical skills in clinical setting and improve their access to education. We also hope the program to be further developed by the government by introducing an education system that offers refresher courses to guarantee social workers' continued expertise through.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.8176-8186
• /
• 2015

This research was conducted for the purpose of developing a high-fidelity simulation education program, applying it to clinical field and analyzing this program's effect on nursing college students in order to solve problems being caused from the gap between the adult nursing theoretical class and practical education. As the analysis method, this study developed a scenario including an algorithm for caring hyperkalemia patients, the evaluation check list, and debriefing according to the adult nursing theoretical class's learning goal and measured the high-fidelity simulation program's effect in using the non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. As the results from the analysis, there secured the simulation education program's general properties and dependent variable's homogeneity in the experimental group and the control group. The nursing simulation practice program for hyperkalemia patients showed slight effect on the experimental group compared to the control group in fields such as nursing practice ability, problem solving ability, critical thinking skills, self-confidence of nursing, and knowledge. (t=-83.313, p<.001, t=-3.169, p=.003, t=-2.473, p=.017, t=-4.036, p<.001, t=-5.044, p<.001). High-Fidelity simulation programs in conjunction with an adult nursing theory classes of nursing students nursing practice ability, problem solving ability, critical thinking skills, self-confidence of nursing, and knowledge. This simulation program may be an effective educational method for nursing practice and also support improved quality of nursing education.