• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

This study investigated the differences between adolescents' own perceptions of their psychopathology and perceptions by clinically depressed parents of their adolescents' psychopathology. The study also examined parental characteristics that accounted for discrepancies between parents and adolescents. The clinical sample consisted of 61 adolescents and their parents who were diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. The adolescents and parents evaluated the adolescents' psychopathology in separate interviews with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Parents reported on current depressive symptoms and parenting practices using questionnaires. The results revealed that parent-adolescent discrepancies were greater in regard to affective and anxiety problems compared to oppositional defiant and conduct problems. Parental rejection was associated with differences in scores for affective problems after controlling for parents' current depressive symptoms and adolescents' age and gender. The findings highlight the importance of considering adolescents' affective and anxiety problems when treating depressed parents. Furthermore, the findings suggest that parental rejection may play a pivotal role when interpreting the discrepancy concerning adolescents' affective problems.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore perception of clinical experience between the initial and final practice and to explore changes in the perception of clinical experience. Method: The study used a Q-method to measure perception of clinical practice. Thirty-six statements made up the finalized Q-sample. The P sample used thirty three nursing college students from K university. The initial collection was done in the first semester of their junior year and second collection was done in the last semester of their senior year. The Q-sorts by each student were coded and analysed with the Quanl PC program. Result: Many students classified as having the perception type 'alienation of ideal and reality' or 'perception of limitation of ability' in the initial clinical practice changed to the type, 'active participation' by the final clinical practice. Further, in the initial clinical practice, part of 'active participation' and 'perception of limitation of ability' changed to 'alienation of ideal and reality'. Conclusion: This study shows that perception of their clinical practice by student nurses changed in a positive direction through clinical experience and that this fact was related to the level of satisfaction with nursing. The knowledge and understanding obtained in this research provide insights for nursing faculty and students involved in nursing education.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.90-90
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• 2003

Sample size calculations play an important role in bioequivalence trials. In almost all clinical trials sample size is determined by considering power under the alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis that we wish to prove with experiments. Hence, in bioequivalence trials the alternative hypothesis is that two formulations are bioequivalent, while the null hypothesis is that the two formulations are not bioequivalent. (omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2016

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.544-554
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• 1993

The study was designed to identify the attitude of nursing students to clinical education through Q-methodology. A C sample was developed through a review of the literature and interviews. Twenty - seven statements made up the finalized Q- sample. This was out of an initial 143 statements developed through consultation with eight professors. The P sample consisted of 25 nursing students in S Health Junior College.0 statements were written on seperate cards and were given to the 25 subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with QUANL PC Program. The analysis discovered three major attitudes, namely “amicable adaptation” 〈type 1), “Nightingale social service” (type 2), and “realistic occupation pursuit” (type 3). The correlation was .465 between type 1 and type 2, .293 between type 1 and type 3, and .273 between type 2 and type 3. The characteristics of each type were as follows ; Type 1 (amicable adaptation) They satisfied in interpersonal relationships in the clinical setting. They would not dream of becoming Nightingale, but thought of nursing care affirmatively and performed their works faithfully and adapted themselves to the new circumstances easily, Fourteen subjects were classified as type 1. Type 2 (Nightingale: social service) They often dreamed as a child that they would be Nightingale with a white uniform and think that nursing is a gift from heaven. They have an aptitude for nursing care by nature and selected nursing science them-selves. They give care to the sick with pleasure. Seven subjects were classified as type 2. Type 3 (realistic occupation pursuit) They were not satisfied with their nursing practice. First of all they want a stable job, therefore they selected nursing science. They had conflicts in clinical practice, but were responsible for nursing and studied hard. Four subjects were classified as type 3. Through the results of this study, the attitude of nursing students to clinical education could be classified into three types. Therefore it is suggested that clinical education would be more valuable, if it was planned according to an understanding of the attitudes of nursing students to clinical education.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

임상시험은 인간을 대상으로 약물 또는 치료법의 효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 성공적인 임상시험을 위해서는 단순한 자료분석에만 통계의 이용을 제한하지 않고 다양한 영역으로 활용의 폭을 넓히는 것이 필요하다. 연구계획단계에서부터 구체적이고 체계적으로 통계의 활용을 고려하기 위해 효과에 대한 정의, 적정한 표본크기 산정, 통계분석 방법 등 전반적인 통계의 응용을 고찰한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2024

Objectives: This paper aims to serve as a useful guide for sample size determination for various correlation analyses that are based on effect sizes and confidence interval width. Materials and Methods: Sample size determinations are calculated for Pearson's correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and Kendall's Tau-b correlation. Examples of sample size statements and their justification are also included. Results: Using the same effect sizes, there are differences between the sample size determination of the 3 statistical tests. Based on an empirical calculation, a minimum sample size of 149 is usually adequate for performing both parametric and non-parametric correlation analysis to determine at least a moderate to an excellent degree of correlation with acceptable confidence interval width. Conclusions: Determining data assumption(s) is one of the challenges to offering a valid technique to estimate the required sample size for correlation analyses. Sample size tables are provided and these will help researchers to estimate a minimum sample size requirement based on correlation analyses.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2015

Purpose: This study intended to analyze the validity of clinical effectiveness data of clinical trials testing systemic titrated extract of Zea Mays L. unsaponifiable fraction chemotherapeutic agent. Material and Methods: Among 5 clinical trials claimed as proof of clinical effectiveness on the Web site of the manufacturer of this chemotherapeutic agent, a review of 4 clinical trials, written in either Korean or English, was conducted. Data were extracted from studies for the following variables: year of publication, age, sample size, follow-up period, combination with contemporary periodontal treatments, randomization, randomization check, blinded measurement, and statistical test type. Results: The study subjects' age intervals were too diverse to decide a common target population to generalize the findings. No study stated clearly the rationale for the sample size determination. Follow-up period to observe the start of clinical effectiveness was inconsistent and decided without any rationale of pathophysiological latent period. Randomization to make the comparisons on the same start line was performed but failed in a study. Randomization effect was not checked in 4 studies. Performance of blinded measurement of clinical outcomes to prevent bias was unclear in 2 studies. Type of statistical test was inappropriate in 3 studies. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the validity of data on clinical and demographic variables, the four available clinical trials have not demonstrated compelling evidence of therapeutic effectiveness of systemic titrated extract of Zea Mays L. unsaponifiable fraction chemotherapeutic agent to improve prognosis of periodontal disease either with the contemporary periodontal treatment or without it.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1067-1080
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• 2010

임상시험을 위한 표본 수 산정방법에 대해 지금까지 많은 방법이 개발되었고 현재 국내외 임상시험 기관에서 이 방법들을 토대로 표본 수를 산정하고 있다. 하지만 마이크로어레이칩 을 이용한 실험에 필요한 표본 수 산정에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하여 제대로 이용되지 않고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 마이크로어레이 실험에 필요한 표본 수를 산정하는 데 있어 실제 마이크로어레이 자료의 재현성에 대한 정보를 이용하여 그 지침을 제공하는데 있다. 재현성 비교에서는 5가지 검정방법 즉, Fold change, Two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, SAM, LPE 방법 별로 재현성을 측정하였다. 발현 값의 표준화 방법에 있어서는 MAS5, RMA 두 가지로 세분화 하였으며 반복수에 따라 상위 20개 또는 100개 유전자에 대한 일치성도 측정하였다. 또한, 표본수를 산정하는데 있어 기존에 제시한 방법에 현실적인 정보를 이용하여 좀 더 세분화하여 실험에 필요한 표본수를 산정해 보았다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 1990

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effect of Soyangin-Hyongbangdojoksan (少陽人荊防導赤散) that was prescribed to cure the Bisuhanpyohanbyong (脾受寒表寒病) of Soyangin (少陽人). The author experimented various activities of dried extract from hyongbangdojoksan (Sample-I) and mixed extract of each dried extract of hyongbangdojoksan (Sample-II) by the methods prescribed in the experimental parts. The results summarized as follows. 1. In the acetic acid method experiment, analgesic effect was noted in sample-I & Sample-II. 2. Anti-inflammatory effect on the edema induced by carrageenin was noted in Sample-I. 3. Antipyretic effect is not noted in Sample-I and Sample-II. 4. On urinary volume change and blood electrolyte clearance, the result is not significant, on the contrary the urine electrolyte discharge is effective in Sample-I and Sample-II. According to the above results, the effects based on oriental medical references approximate to the actual experimental results.